初一、初二英语时态讲解与练习.doc

初一、初二英语时态讲解与练习句子的时态是通过动词的变化来表现的，通过观察一个动词的不同形式可以看出句子的时态，表明发生的时间。有些时态可以通过时间状语来确定，有些则根据常识来确定。一、一般现在时1. 表示方法：主语除了三单以外的人称用动词原形，主语是三单（he, she, it,人名、物名）时，动词的表示方法与名词的复数形式是一样的，即动词的三单。动词的三单变化：一般在动词后加-s; 以s, x, o, sh, ch 结尾的加es; 以辅音字母加y 结尾的，变y为i,再加es; 以f, fe结尾的变f, fe为v, 再加es。2. 哪些情况下用一般现在时1） 表示经常性、习惯性的动作；表示现在的状态、特征和真理。句中常用 often, usually, always, seldom, every，sometimes, every day/morning/Sunday, on Sunday 等时间状语。例如：a. He goes to school every day. 他每天去上学。b. He is very happy. 他很开心。c. The earth moves around the sun. 地球围绕太阳转。（特性）2) 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。例如：a. If you come this afternoon, well have a meeting. 如果你今天下午过来，我们将开个会。b. When I graduate, Ill go to countryside. 毕业后我要去乡下。3) 有时这个时态表示按计划、规定要发生的动作（句中都带有时间状语），但限于少数动词，如：begin, come, leave, go ,arrive, start , stop, return, open, close等。例如：a. The meeting begins at seven. 会议七点开始。b. The rain starts at nine in the morning. 上午九点开始下雨。4) 表示状态和感觉的动词(be, like, hate, think, remember, find, sound 等)常用一般现在进行时。a. I like English very much. 我非常喜欢英语。b. The story sounds very interesting. 这个故事听起来很有趣。总的说：表示习惯、爱好、频率（经常、总是、偶尔）、规律、事实动词用一般现在时。3. 动词的一般现在时的肯定句、否定句、疑问句1）be动词的一般现在时 am, is, are否定句：在am, is, are加not 一般疑问句：把am, is, are提到句首I am a teacher. Im not a teacher. Are you a teacher?She is a beautiful girl. She isnt a beautiful. Is she a beautiful girl?They are careful students. They arent careful students. Are they careful students?2）实意动词的一般现在时肯定句：主语除了三单以外的人称用动词原形，主语是三单（he, she, it,人名、物名）时，动词的表示方法与名词的复数形式是一样的，即动词的三单。否定句：三单在动词原形前加doesnt, 其余人称加dont疑问句：一般在句首加Do, 三单在句首加Does后动词还原。I like English. I dont like English. Do you like English?My mother teaches English. My mother doesnt teach English Does your mother teach English?二、 一般过去时的用法1. 表示方法：用动词的过去式表示动词的过去式的表示方法：be动词的过去式：was, were实意动词的过去式：一般在动词后加-ed; 以e结尾的加-d, 以辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i加ed, 以重读闭音节结尾的双写末尾的辅音字母加ed.特殊的动词的过去式如take-took等要记忆。2. 哪些情况下用一般过去时1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now, once等。例如：Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如：When I was a child, I often played football in the street.我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.那时，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎。3）在时间状语从句中，由when引导从句的瞬间性动词用一般过去时，主句常用过去进行时。I was watching TV when the rainstorm suddenly came.( 瞬间性动词)Ben was helping his mom make dinner when the rain began to beat heavily against the windows. ( 瞬间性动词)4）注意：情态动词用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。例如：could, wouldCould you lend me your bike? 你的自行车，能借用一些吗？重点学习一下，used to / be used toused to + do：过去常常表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。例如：Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老妈过去没那么健忘。Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫过去常常散步。be used to + doing：对已感到习惯，或习惯于，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。例如：He is used to a vegetarian diet.Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。典型例题- Your phone number again? I _ quite catch it.- Its 69568442.A. didnt B. couldnt C. dont D. cant答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过去时。3. 一般过去时的否定句和疑问句was, were的否定句直接在后面加not, 疑问句把was, were提前。实意动词的否定句在动词原形的前面加didnt, 疑问句在句首加Did后动词还原。She was a teacher three years ago.She was not a teacher three years ago.Was she a teacher three years ago?I watched TV yesterday evening.I didnt watch TV yesterday evening.Did you watch TV yesterday evening?三、一般将来时的用法1.一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态。其表达形式 “ will 或 shall + 动词原形 ”；表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事，或某种迹象表明将要发生某事，其表达形式 “ be going to+ 动词原形 ”。 常用的时间状语tomorrow (morning/afternoon/evening)；next year/month/weeka. Look at the clouds in the sky! It is going to rain. 要下雨了。(迹象)b. We are going to have a meeting today. 我们今天要开个会。（打算）C. We will have a meeting next Sunday.(将来)2. 在When, as soon as, if 等引导的时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，时态是主将从现。例如：a. If you come this afternoon, well have a meeting. 如果你今天下午过来，我们将开个会。b. When I graduate, Ill go to countryside. 毕业后我要去乡下。C. I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.四、现在进行时1.表示方法：am/is/are（助动词） +v-ing(现在分词) 否定句： am/is/are +not+v-ing 疑问句：把am/is/are提到句首2. 现在分词的构成 一般在动词后加-ing 如：work - working， sleep - sleeping ，study -studying; 以e结尾的去e加ing take -taking ，make -making， dance -dancing; 重读闭音节的动词，要双写词尾字母，再加-ing cut - cutting put - putting begin - beginning 以-ie结尾的动词，把变成y再加-ing lie - lying tie - tying die - dying3.现在进行时的用法1）现在或当前一段时间内正在进行或发生的动作，常用的时间状语now,其它词如：look, listen等。She is watering the flowers.Are they working now?They are listening to the teacher.2) always用在现在进行时中，表示表扬、批评、抱怨、责备等口吻。They are always comparing them with other children.He is always helping others when they are in trouble.3) 有些动词即趋向性动词用现在进行时表示将来。这些动词是：come, go, leave, plan, 等。I am leaving tomorrow.I am going to Singapore next week.五、过去进行时1. 表示方法：was/were（助动词）+v-ing 否定句：was/were+not+v-ing 疑问句：把was/were提到句首1. 过去某一时刻或某一段正在进行的动作，常用的时间状语his time yesterday，at ten oclock yesterday，at that time，when he came back等。.We were reading in class this time yesterday2. 用于when, while引导的时间状语从句中.I was drawing a picture when the teacher came in.Arons arm was caught under a 2000-kilo rock that fell on him when he was climbing by himself in the mountains.( 延续性动词)While you were sleeping, I called Jenny and she helped me.Bens dad was putting pieces of wood over the windows while his mom was making sure the flashlights and radio were working.六、现在完成时1.现在完成时的表示方法：have/has（助动词）+动词的过去分词 否定句：have/has（助动词）+not+ 动词的过去分词 疑问句：把have/has提到句首。2. 动词的过去分词的构成方法 一般的和动词的过去式的变化是一样的，特殊的需要记忆。1.过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常用的副词或时间状语already，just，before，never，ever, for three years，since 1990，these days2.表示过去已经开始并持续到现在的动作或状态Ive already posted the letter.We have known each other for ten years.They lived here since 1997.Have you ever been to Beijing?2. have been to 与have gone to的区别have been to 表示去了某地已经回来了，have gone to表示去了某地还没有回来Im very tired because I have just been to London.-Where is Miss Smith? -She has gone to the library.练习一、用所给词的适当形式填空：1He_swimming in the river every day in summer. (go)2. It_you are right. ( seem )3. Look, the children _ basketball on the playground. ( play )4 .He_to the radio when I came in, ( listen )5 .It is very cold .I think it _. ( rain )6. I need some paper . I _some for you . ( bring )7. I cant find my pen . Who _it? ( take )8. I_my bike, so I have to walk to school. ( lose )9.He_down and began to read his newspaper. ( sit )10.I_with you if I have time . ( go )11.We will go to the cinema if it_tomorrow . (rain )12.I will tell her the news when she_to see me next week. (come)14.I will tell her the news when she_to see me next week. (come)15. “ When_ you_the car ?” “ In 1998 . ”( buy )16.We_good friends since we met at school . （be）17.What_you_ at five yesterday afternoon ? (do)18.The bike is nice . How much _it_? (cost)二、选择最佳答案填空（ ）1.Well go swimming if the weather_fine tomorrow.A. is B. was C. will be D. is going to be（ ）2. It_five years since he has left for Beijing.A. was B. have been C. is D. is going to be（ ）3. Please dont leave the office until your friend _back.A. came B. comes C. have come D. will come( )4. I will tell him as soon as he _ back A. come B. comes C. will come D. came( ) 5. Mary _ on shoes when she _ them. A. triesbuys B. tries buies C. trys buys D. trys buies（ ）6. Listen ! Someone_in the next room .A. cried B. crying C. is crying D. has cried（ ）7.You must tell him the news as soon as youhim.A. see B. sees C. will see D. is seeing（ ）8.We_to the Great Wall several times.A. go B. were going C. have gone D. have been（ ）9. As she_the newspaper, Granny_asleep.A. read , was falling B. fell C. was reading , was falling D. read , fell( )10. He usually _ TV on Sunday evening. A. watch B. watches C. watching D. is watching( )11. Well go to play with snow if it _ tomorrow. A. snow B. snows C. will snow D. snowed( )12. The Young Pioneer _ water for the old man every day. A. carry B. bring C. takes D. carries( )13. Some are _ in the river and some are _ games. A. swimming playing B. swimmingplaiing C. swimming I playing D. swimmingplaing( )14. Look ! The boy students are _ football while the girls are _ . A. playing dance B. playing dancing C. play dancing D. play dance( )15. He _ to do his lessons at eight every evening. A. is beginning B. is beginning C. begin D. begins( )16. _ he _ on well with his friends this term ? A. Doesgets B. Doesget C. Isgetting D. Isgeting( )17. Mr Smith _ short stories, but he _ a TV play these days. A. is writingis writing B. is writing writes C. writes is writing D. writes writes( )18. _ you _out for a walk after supper ? Yes, I _. A. Didwentwent B. Did go went C. Did went did D. Did go did( )19. _ Jack _ on with his work or _ to have a rest? A. Did went stopped B. Did go stop C. Did went stop D. Did go stoppe( )20. He _ some cooking at that time, so _ me.A. did heard B. did did