数理化必背单词.docx

数学（107个）：词汇释义assume that假设approximation近似，近似值absolute value绝对值acute锐（角）adjacent angle邻角alternate angles内错角angle角area面积arithmetic sequence等差数列assumption假设asymptote渐近线at random随机地average平均的axis轴base底面，底数be inscribed in内接于binomial二项式circle圆circumference周长clockwise顺时针的common difference(等差数列的)公差common divisor公约数common ratio(等比数列的)公比common multiple公倍数composite number合数cone圆锥congruent全等的constant不变的；常数coordinate坐标cube立方体cube root立方根cylinder圆柱体decimal小数diagonal对角线digit数字，位divide除divisible可整除的domain定义域eccentricity离心率elipse椭圆equilateral等边的even偶的expotent指数fraction分数function函数geometric sequence等比数列hyperbola双曲线inequality不等式infinite无穷的integer整数intercept截距interior angle内角intersect相交irrational number无理数isosceles等腰的major axis长轴mean平均数median中数minor axis短轴minus减mode众数multiply乘negative负的number line数轴obtuse钝（角）odd奇的origin of coordinates原点parallel平行的parallelogram平行四边形perimeter周长perpendicular垂直的plus加polynomial多项式positive正的prime number质数probability概率product积proportion比例quadruple四倍的quotient商radian弧度radius半径range值域rational number有理数reciprocal倒数rectangle矩形right直(角）scalene不等边的，不等边三角形section截面sector扇形segment线段similar相似的slope斜率sphere球体square正方形square root平方根standard deviation标准差sum和tangent相切term项translate移动trapezoid梯形triangle三角形triple三倍value值vector矢量vertex顶点物理（127个）词汇释义acceleration加速度anion阴离子ammeter安培表amplitude振幅band条,带bar条,带bombard轰击cation阳离子capacitor电容centripetal force向心力circuit电路coherent相干的coil线圈collision碰撞comet彗星convection对流converging lens凸透镜coulomb库仑critical angle临界角decay衰变deflecte偏转density密度diffraction衍射dilation伸长diminish减小discrete离散的，不连续的diverge分开，分岔diverging lens凹透镜elastic弹性的electric generator发电机electric motor电动机electromotive force(e.m.f.)电动势elctron capture电子捕获emission散发，发射entropy熵estimate估计excited state激发态exert施加expansion膨胀fiber optic光导纤维focal length焦距spring(or force) constant(弹簧的)倔强系数frequency频率frictionless光滑无摩擦的gravity重力ground state基态half-life半衰期halve减半的horizontal水平的hydraulic jack液压千斤顶impinge撞击incident ray入射光index of refraction折射率induction current感应电流inertia惯性initial初始的interference干涉internal内部的isotope同位素kinetic energy动能latent heat潜热lever杠杆longitudinal wave纵波magnetic磁的magnetic flux磁通量magnify扩大magnitude大小mass质量matter wave物质波moment力矩momentum动量negligible可忽略的neutron中子nuclear fission核裂变nuclear fusion核聚变optic光学的oscillate振动，摇摆parabola抛物线parallel并联particle粒子pendulum钟摆permanent永久的photon光子pitch音高polarization偏振positron正电子potential energy势能power功率propagation传播proton质子pulley滑轮radioactive放射性refracte折射relativity相对性resistor电阻rest静止revolution一周rigid刚性的scalar标量semiconductor半导体series串联sign（电量等的）符号simple harmonic motion简谐运动simultaneously同时地slit狭缝solenoid螺线管spectrum光谱，波谱speed速率sphere球体spring弹簧standing wave驻波superconductor超导体superimpose叠加tesla特斯拉(磁强单位)thermal热量的thermodynamics热力学torque转矩，扭矩total reflection全反射transition跃迁transverse wave横波uniform均匀的velocity速度virtual image虚像voltage电压voltmeter电压表wavelength波长wave-particle duality波粒二象性化学（156个）：词汇释义acid酸activated complex活化络合物activation energy活化能aggregate聚合alkali metals碱金属alkaline earth metals碱土金属alkane烷烃alkene烯烃alkyne炔烃allotropy同素异形体alloy合金aluminum铝ammonia氨amorphous非晶体amphoteric两性的anode阳极anomalous不规则的aqueous水溶液argon氩Avogadros law阿佛加德罗定律barium钡bauxite铝土矿bleaching漂白bond键boron硼brass黄铜bromine湨buret滴定管calcium钙calory卡路里carbohydrate碳水化合物carbon dioxide二氧化碳carbon monoxide一氧化碳carbonate碳酸盐carboxylic acid羧酸catalyst催化剂cathode reaction阴极反应cellulose纤维素chlorine氯chromium铬coefficient系数combination reaction化合反应combustion燃烧composition组成compound化合物concentrated浓的concentration浓度condensation冷凝covalent bond共价键cracking裂解crude oil原油crystal晶体deoxyribose脱氧核糖diatomic molecule双原子分子diffusion扩散dilute稀的displacement reaction置换反应distillation蒸馏double bonds双键dynamic equilibrium动态平衡electrolysis电解elcetrolyte电解质electronic configuration电子排布element元素empirical formula经验式endothermic吸热的enthalpy焓erosion腐蚀ethanoic acid乙酸ethanol乙醇ethene乙烯evaporation蒸发exothermic放热的extraction提炼filtering过滤flame test焰色反应fluorine氟fractional distillation分馏freezing point凝固点glucose葡萄糖glycogen糖原graphite石墨greenhouse effect温室效应Haber process哈伯法(制氨)halogen卤素helium氦homologous series同系物hydrocarbon烃hydrogen氢hydrogen chloride氯化氢hydrogen peroxide过氧化氢hydronium ion水合氢离子hydroxide氢氧根indicator指示剂iodine碘isomerism同素异形体le Chateliers principle勒沙特列原理lead铅limestone石灰石linear直线的lipid脂质，类脂lithium锂litmus石蕊magnesium镁metalloid类金属methane甲烷methanoic acid甲酸methanol甲醇monomer单体neon氖neutralization中和nickel镍nitrate硝酸盐nitric acid硝酸nitrogen氮noble gases稀有气体oxide氧化物oxidation agent氧化剂ozone臭氧periodic table元素周期表permanganate高锰酸petroleum石油phenolphthalein酚酞phosphorus磷planar平面的platinum铂polar极性的polymer聚合物potassium钾precipitation沉淀propane丙烷propanoic acid丙酸propanol丙醇propene丙烯pure substance纯净物reactive活泼的redox氧化还原reducing