Unit10 Money-communication workshop每课一练(北师大版必修4)

Your Money-语法同步练习语法归纳动词不定式 “动词不定式”是一种非限定动词，由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。它不受主语的人称和数的限制.不定式具有动词的特征，它可以有自己的宾语，可以受副词的修饰.同时也具有名词.形容词和副词的特征。它可以作主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语。不定式的时态和语态 不定式有一般式.进行式.完成式和完成进行式；有主动式，也有被动式。 以动词do为例主动形式被动形式一般式to doto be done完成式to have doneto have been done 进行式to be doing -完成进行式to have been doing - 不定式的句法功能 不定式在句子中可以作主语.宾语.宾补.表语.定语和状语：1.不定式作主语 Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy. 学外语不容易。 IsitnecessarytocompletethedesignbeforeNationalDay? (it 为形式主语 )有必要在国庆节之前完成这个设计吗？如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的,可以在不定式前加for引起的短语,即for +名词/代词宾格+不定式。It is good for us to take part in physical labour 参加体力劳动对我们有益某些表示人的品行的形容词(如kind, good, nice, wrong, careless, wise, foolish, polite, clever, right,unwise, stupid, thoughtful, rude, silly, impolite等)作表语时不定式前常可用of引起的短语,既be+形容词+of+ 名词/代词的宾格+不定式.It is stupid of her to make such a mistake. 她真蠢,犯这样的错误2.不定式作宾语 Iforgottoturntheovenon. 我忘记打开炉子。能直接跟不定式作宾语的动词很多,常见的有:want,like,wish,hate,hope,prefer,continue,manage,try,ask,offer,start,forget,remember,begin,decide,agree,choose,learn,pretend,promise,mean,expect,desire等3.不定式作宾语补足语 不定式可以和名称或代词构成复合结构,作动词的宾语,不定式作宾语补足语We advised him to have a good rest 常带不定式作宾语补足语的动词有 ask, tell, invite, force,advise,get,beg,allow,help,want,wish,like,order,expect,prefer,encourage,hate,warn,permit等.但在make, let, have, see, hear, watch, notice, feel, observe, listen to, look at 等动词后的复合宾语中,不定式不带to. 在help后不定式可以带to,也可以不带toThe boss made the workers work day and night.老板迫使工人们日夜干活Willyouhelpme (to)plantthistree,please? 请您帮我种这棵树好吗？ 4.不定式作定语 Hehasalotofquestionstoask. 他有许多问题要问。不定式作定语时,须放在被修饰的名词或代词之后.不定式常和它修饰的词有动宾关系.如果这个不定式是不及物的,它后面应有必要的介词I use a pen to write with. 5.不定式作表语 Disneysgreatestwishwastobeafamousartist. 迪斯尼最大的愿望就是成为一个著名的艺术家。 6.不定式作状语 不定式作状语可以修饰动词,表示目的,结果,或原因To catch the first bus, I have to get up early. (目的)She went aboard never to return. (结果)I was surprised to see him there.(原因)不定式的否定形式否定式的否定形式是在不定式符号to前加not 构成He decided not to go home.疑问词+不定式结构疑问词who, which, what, when, where, how, whether等后接不定式,构成不定式短语,在句中作主语.表语.宾语等。When to start has not been decided.（主语）I dont know what to choose.（宾语）The question is how to put the plan into practice.（表语）动词不定式的时态的用法（1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后，Im glad to meet you. We plan to pay a visit. He wants to be an artist（2）进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，例如： The boy pretended to be working hard. He seems to be reading in his room.（3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如： I regretted to have told a lie. I happened to have seen the film. He is pleased to have met his friend.动词不定式的语态的用法当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般要用被动语态The patient asked to be operated on at once.The teacher ordered the work to be done.The books and magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading room.如果不定式表示的是一个比谓语动作发生得更早的动作,这时不定式可用完成式的被动式 I thought it an honour to have been invited to the party. The novel is said to have been translated into seven languages.动词不定式省略to的情况1. 在助动词或情态动词后面 May I ask you a question? 我可以问你一个问题吗?2. 在 make, let, see, watch, hear, notice, feel, have, listen to , look at等动词后(作宾语补足语) Let me hear you play the piano. 让我听你演奏钢琴吧。3. 在why引起的某些问句中 Why turn off the gas? 为什么不再试一下？4. 在had better, would rather, would ratherthan, would sooner, would soonerthan, cannot but, do nothing but 等结构后面 He cant but agree (他不得不同意) He would rather /sooner die than surrender(他宁死不屈) My mother could do nothing but wait for the doctor to arrive (我妈妈没办法,只好等医生来)5. 在 “Will you please + 动词不定式” 一类表示邀请或命令的句型中 Will you please bring me some chicken? 请给我带点鸡肉来好吗?6. 在 “Why” 或 “Why not” 一类表示建议的句型中 Why not join us? (= Why wont you join us?) 为什么不加入到我们中来吗?7. 在介词except, but之后,如果其前有动词do的某种形式,不定式一般不带to,反之则带to There is nothing to do except wait till it stops raining (没办法,只好等雨停了) There is no choice but to wait till it stops raining (没办法,只好等雨停了)8. 当作宾语的不定式再次出现时,为了避免重复,不定式往往省略,只保留不定式符号to.常出现在下列动词后:want, wish, like, love, hope, plan, try ,hate 等 You dont have to eat if you dont want to.如果你不想吃,就不必吃了 -Have you listened to the music? 你听了那首曲子了吗? -No, but I plan to 没有,但我打算听语法巩固1.句型转换1. It is impossible that a child can lift such a heavy box.It is impossible _such a heavy box.2. It happened that you had known each other before.You happened _each other before.3. The progress which will be made soon is of great importance.The progress _ is of great importance.4. The boss made the workers work all night.The workers were _all night.5. When we should hold the meeting is still to be discussed.When _ the meeting is still to be discussed.6. It seemed they were writing something for somebody.They seemed _something for somebody.7. I find that it is difficult to speak English well. I find _to speak English well.8. Jane doesnt know how she can improve her Chinese. Jane doesnt know_ improve her Chinese.9. The girl got up earlier so that she might not be late again. The girl got up earlier_ be late again.10. We found the lesson was difficult to understand. We found the lesson _.2.单项选择1. Im going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything_? A. to be buying B. to buy C. for buying D. bought2. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role_ in making the earth a better place to live. A. to have played B. to play C. to be played D .to be playing3. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple , but it remains _whether they will enjoy it. A to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen4. It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows_. A. it what to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it5. - How do deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? -The key _the problem is to meet the demand_ by the customers. A. to solving; making B. to solving; made C to solve; making D. to solve ; made6. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market , many state-run companies are striving _ their product more competitive.A. to make B. making C. to have made D. having made7. In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ for another hour.A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting8. In order to make our city green, _.A. it is necessary to have planted more tree B. many more trees need to plantC. our city needs more tree D. we must plant more trees9. With a lot of difficult problems _,the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled 10. _ you the truth, I didnt want to tell you about it. A. To tell B. Telling C. To be told D. Told11. Let your mother know all the truth. She appears _ everything. A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told12._late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having13. In order to improve English, _. A. Jennys father bought her a lot of tapes B. Jenny bought a lot of tapes for herself C. a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny D. a lot of tapes were bought by Jennys father14. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. A. to have studied B to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying15. Her mother told her not to _, _ would be bad for her health.A. keep up; what B. keep up; which C. stay up; which D. stay