Unit 8 Leisure and Sports.ppt

Unit8LeisureandSports 休闲与体育 Passage1HowpeopleRelaxintheUK TypicalpopularpastimesintheUK Listeningtothepopmusic Goingtopubs Playingandwatchingsport Goingonholidays Doingoutdooractivities WatchingTV PlayingSports Thenumberofpeopleplayingsportshasrisen Onethirdoftheadultpopulationregularlytakespartinoutdoorsport Aboutaquarterinindoorsport Sportingfacilities 体育运动设施Localleisurecenters 当地休闲中心 Multi screencinemas Multi screencinemashavebecomemorecommonandthenumberofpeoplegoingtothecinemaincreasedinthemid 1980s whichhadfallenbymorethanhalfbetween1971and1984 Thiswasdespitealargeincreaseinthepopularityofhomevideos Britainhasoneofthehighestratesofhomevideoownershipintheworld Britishpubs PubsareanimportantpartofBritishsociallifeandmoremoneyisspentondrinkingthanonanyotherformofleisureactivities Inarecentsurveysevenoutoftenadultssaidtheywenttopubs onethirdofthemonceaweekormoreoften Holidays Holidaysarethenextmajorleisurecost timeandmoney followedbytelevision radio musicalinstruments andeatingout Iftheyhaveenoughmoney peopletravelmoreandtakemoreholidays Thenumbergoingabroadincreasedfrom7millionintheearly1970sto17millioninthemid 80s withSpainstillthemostpopularforeigndestination Reading ReadingisstillanimportantleisureactivityinBritain Thebiggest sellingmagazinesinBritain aftertheTVguides arewomen sandpopmusicpublications Thebest sellingbooksarenotgreatworksofliteraturebutstoriesofmysteryandromanticwhichsellinhugequantities Passage2AmericanHolidays BystudyingAmericanholidays itispossibletounderstandAmericanculturebetter IntheU S therearefedeal national holidays stateholidaysandannualevents FederalHolidays Onfederalholidays federalandstateoffices banks schools andcompaniesclosethroughouttheUnitedStates Mostpeoplehavedayoff Therearetenfederalholidaysnow Stateholidaysarelegalholidaysinaparticularstateorstates Stateoffices banks schools andcompaniesinthatstateclose Forannualevents officesandstoresdonotclose andpeopleworkasusual Easter ItfallsonaspringSundaythatvariesfromyeartoyear onthefirstSundayafterthefirstfullmoonfollowingthenorthernspringequinox TheresurrectionofJesusChrist Adayofreligiousservicesandthegatheringofthefamily Christians Coloringhard boiledeggsandcandy children ChristmasDay December25 MarksthebirthoftheChristChild Decoratinghousesandyardswithlights puttingupChristmastrees givinggifts andsendinggreetingcards NewYear sDay January1 Thecelebrationofthisholidaybeginsthenightbefore whenAmericansgathertowisheachotherahappyandprosperouscomingyear ThanksgivingDay American ThefourthThursdayinNovemberThanksgivingfeast roastturkey cranberrysauce potatoes pumpkinpie Beforethemealbegins familiesorfriendsusuallypausetogivethanksfortheirblessings includingthejoyofbeingunitedfortheoccasion IndependenceDay TheFourthofJuly Honorsthenation sbirthday thesigningoftheDeclarationofIndependenceonJuly4 1776 Itisadayofpicnicsandpatrioticparades anightofconcertsandfireworks TheflyingoftheAmericanflagiswidespread MartinLutherKingDay ThethirdMondayofJanuary whichwasdeclaredanationalholiday Hisassassination 1968 ConsideredagreatAmericanbecauseofhistirelesseffortstowincivilrightsforallpeoplethroughnonviolentmeans Presidents Day ThethirdMondayinFebruary GeorgeWashington herooftheRevolutionaryWarandfirstpresidentoftheUnitedStates AbrahamLincoln thepresidentduringtheCivilWar MemorialDay ThefourthMondayofMay Thisholidayhonorsthedead Ithasbecomeadayonwhichthedeadofallwars andthedeadgenerally areremembered Specialprogramsheldincemeteries churches andotherpublicmeetingplaces LaborDay ThefirstMondayofSeptember Ithonorsthenation sworkingpeople typicallywithparades Itmarkstheendofthesummervacationseasonandtheopeningofthschoolyear ColumbusDay OnOctober12 1492 ItaliannavigatorChristopherColumbuslandedintheNewWorld AlthoughmostothernationsoftheAmericansobservethisholidayonOctober12 intheUnitedStatesittakesplaceonthesecondMondayinOctober VeteranDay November11 thedaywhenWorldWarIendedin1918 ThisholidaywasestablishedtohonorAmericanswhohadservedinWorldWarI Itnowhonorsveteransofallwars Veterans organizationsholdparades andthepresidentcustomarilyplacesawreathontheTomboftheUnknownSoldieratArlingtonNationalCemetery acrossthePotomacRiverinWashingtonD C Valentine sDayandHalloween notholidays OnFebruary14 Valentine sDay Americansgivepresents usuallycandyorflowers totheonestheylove OnOctober31 Halloween Americanchildrendressupinfunnyorscarycostumesandgo trickingortreating knockingondoorsintheirneighborhood Smallgiftsofcandyormoneyaregiven AdultsmayalsodressincostumeforHalloweenparties Passage3SportsinBritain TheBritishhavealwaysbeenanationofsportlovers Manysportswhichnowadaysareplayedallovertheworldgrewuptotheirpresent dayforminBritain Football horseracing golf lawntennisandrowing Associationfootball soccer 英式足球 ThemostpopularsportinBritain Playedinmostoftheschools Thousandsofamateurteamsforyoungmenalloverthecountry MostpeoplewatchitonSaturdayafternoonsatthelocalstadium Rugbyfootball橄榄球 Morepopularthanassociationfootballincertainregions Thetraditionalgameofmost publicschools Itisplayedwithanovalballwhichiscarriedratherthankicked andplayerstrytostopthemanwiththeballbythrowinghimbodilytotheground Cricket mostEnglishofGames Itscomparativeslownessandquietness reflecttheEnglishcharacter Notnearlyaspopularasfootball Annual testmatches betweenEnglandandotherCommonwealthcountries especiallyAustralia Tennis 网球运动 Thegamewhichbothmenandwomenaremostlikelytoplayafterleavingschoolistennis Somejoinatennisclub butmostfindapartnerandgotooneofthethousandsofpublictenniscourtswhichcanbehiredbythehour Theamateursporthasgivenwaytoprofessionalism Bowls 保龄球 Theoldpeople menandwomen maybeplayingbowlsonthepublicbowling green Itisapeacefulgame yetonedemandingconsiderablejudgment sincethebowlsareweighedsoastorollinaslightcurve Golf anotheroutdoorgame Agamemanymenandwomenofallagesbecomepassionatelyfondof Playedoveranareaofcountrysidecontainingeighteensmallholes eachindicatedbyaflag andeachoneseveralhundredsofyardsawayfromthenext Boatrace 赛艇 AnannualracebetweenOxfordandCambridgeUniversities IttakesplaceonastretchoftheRiverThames Itgivesrisetoweeksofnation widecommentanddiscussioneveryyear SportsforGambling OnereasonforthegreatinterestinsportinBritainistheEnglishman sfondnessforalitter flutter Gamblinghasalwaysbeenanintegralpartofsuchsportsashorse racinganddog racingand inrecenttimes doingthe footballpools hasbecomeanationalpastime Horse racing Abettingsport studiedeagerlybymanypeoplewhoseldomseeahorse Thehorsesareownedandtrainedbyafewrichpeople andusuallyriddenbyprofessionaljockeys Football pools 以橄榄球比赛的输赢赌博 Footballpoolsprovideamusementformillionsofpeople bothmenandwomen Fillingthepools forecastingwins lossesanddrawsonaprintedform takesplaceduringtheweek thenonSaturdays allthesemillionsofpeoplelistentotheirradioortelevisionsettochecktheirforecasts Anyonewhogetthemallrightwillwinaverylargesumofmoney Passage4TheMeaningsofFootballintheUnitedStates Americanfootball 美式足球 橄榄球Americahasdevelopedsomespectatorsportsofitsownwhicharelittlepracticedelsewhere inparticularAmericanfootballandbaseball Americanfootball 1 FootballisderivedfromtheEnglishgameofrugby whichhasbeenadoptedinotherEnglish speakingcountriesbutonlyinafewpartsofEurope notablyinsouthwesternFrance Americanfootball 2 Requiresverysophisticatedequipmentandconsiderableorganization Agamewhichcannoteasilybeadaptedtoanemptypatchofgroundwhereboysusecoatsforagoal Itisplayedatschool butbyitsnatureittendstoattractaratherrestrictedgroupofboys andnormallyplayedbythosewhohopetobecomeseriousplayers Americanfootball 3 Therearemanyprofessionalfootballteams andtheyplayinlargestadiaonSaturdayafternoons oftenbeforelargecrowds Thegameisplayedwithanovalball playersmaycarryitandtackleeachother sothatoneplayermaythrowanotherdownaspartofthegame Americanfootball 4 Therulesarecomplicated andthegameisinherentlydangerous Manyplayershavebeenseriouslyinjuredorevenkilledinthepast butinordertoavoidsuchinjuriesthemostelaborateprotectiveclothinghasbeendeveloped Americanfootball 5 Withdramaticprotectionforhishead shouldersandchest andavisoroverhisface aplayerwhenfullyequippedlookslikeaferociousandmalevolentvisitorfromanotherplanet Americanfootball 6 Theaveragefootballplayerlooksformidableenoughinprivatelife withhisclose croppedhairandwell trainedtoughness butateamofthesearmoredgiantslooksfrighteningindeed MeaningsofFootballintheU S 1 FootballintheUnitedStatesdisplaysthemesparticularlyimportantinthesociety sexuality technologicalcomplexity coordination andspecialization aswellasthetendencytoviolence althoughthatviolenceisexpressedwithintheframeworkofteamwork specialization andmechanization MeaningsofFootballintheU S 2 ThefootballteamlooksverymuchlikeasmallscalemodeloftheAmericancorporation compartmentized highlysophisticatedinthecoordinatedapplicationofadifferentiated specializedtechnology turningoutawinningproductinacompetitivemarket MeaningsofFootballintheU S 3 译文 橄榄球球队就像一个小型美国公司 各部划分清楚 在不同的专门技术的协调应用方面非常完善 在竞争激烈的市场中生产出致胜的产品 Thefootballgameisamodelofthewaytheirownworldworks Becausefootballisasmall scalemodelofthatworld itallowsustounderstandit MeaningsofFootballintheU S 4 It rendersvisibleanddirectlycomprehensibleasystemthatisfartoolargeandc