unit 1 派生词词组词的用法、课文挖空、语法练习.doc

Unit 1 part one 有关词汇、派生词及词组 1.characteristic表示特性的, 典型的n.特性, 特征2.radium镭 3.infection n.传染, 传染病, 影响, 感染4. infectious有传染性的, 易传染的, 有感染力的 5.cholera霍乱 6.outbreak (战争的)爆发, (疾病的)发作7.enquiry询问8.neighborhood附近, 邻近 9.clue线索10. germ n.微生物, 细菌11.firework 焰火12.chart n.海图, 图表 13.revolutionary adj.革命的14.calculation 计算15.loop 环, 线(绳)圈 16.spin旋转, 纺, 纺纱 17.persuasive adj.善说服的 18.vt.击败, 战胜, 挫折defeat 19. n.专家, 行家, adj.老练的, 内行的expert 20.治愈, 痊愈cure 21. 挑战vt.向.挑战challenge 22.受害人, 牺牲者, 牺牲品victim 23.吸收, 吸引absorb 24.嫌疑犯v.怀疑, 猜想suspect 25.严厉的, 剧烈的, 严峻的severe 26.泵, 抽水机vt.(用泵)抽(水) pump 27.预见, 预知foresee 28.过失, 责备vt.责备, 谴责blame29.柄, 把手, vt.处理, 操作handle 30.肯定的, 积极的positive 31.向后地(的), 相反地(的) backward 32. 热心的, 热情的enthusiastic 33.拒绝, 抵制, 否决reject 1.画, 绘, 描绘v. paint画家, 油漆匠n. painter 2.科学, 理科n. science科学家n. scientist科学的adj. scientific 3.推定, 作出结论v. conclude结论n. conclusion4.分析, 分解v. analyse 分析, 分解n. analysis分析家n. analyst 5.传染, 感染v. infect有传染性的, 有感染力的adj. infectious6.小心, 谨慎, 警告n. caution 谨慎的, 小心的adj.cautious7.出席, 参加, 照顾, 护理v. attend 出席, 照顾n. attendance服务员n.attendant 8.物理学n. Physics物理学者n. physicist身体的, 物质的, 自然的adj. physical身体上地adv. physically医师, 内科医师n. physician 9.死亡v. die死的adj. dead 死, 死亡n. death 致命的adj. deadly 快死的,垂死的adj. dying10.调查, 研究v. investigate 调查, 研究n. investigation11.污染vt. pollute 污染n.pollution 12.宣布, 通告v. announce 宣布, 通告n. announcement 13.确定的adj. certain不确定的adj. uncertain 确实的事情n. certainty 不确定n. uncertainty14.教导, 指示vt. Instruct讲师n. instructor指示, 用法说明(书),指令n.instruction 15.负责的adj. responsible责任,职责n. responsibility不负责任的adj. irresponsible不负责任n. irresponsibility 16.建造, 构造v. construct建筑, 建筑物n. construction 17.捐助, 捐献, 贡献, 投稿v. contribute捐献, 贡献, 投稿n. contribution 18.创造, 创作v. create创造, 创作物n. creation 创造性的adj. creative19.操作, 运转,起作用, 动手术 v. operate运转, 操作, 实施n. operation合作v. co-operate合作的，协力的adj. co-operative合作n. co-operation20.肯定的,积极的，主动的adj. positive被动的adj. passive 21.移动, 离开v. move 运动, 动作n. movement 22.私人的, 私有的adj. private私下地, 秘密地adv. privately 隐私n.privacy23.明亮的,聪明的adj. bright 光亮, 明亮, 聪明n. brightness 24.小心, 谨慎, 警告n. caution谨慎的, 小心的adj. cautious25.拒绝, 抵制v. reject=refuse 拒绝n. rejection =refusal26.宇宙, 世界, 万物n. universe普遍的, 全体的, 通用的adj. universal普遍地,全体地adv. universally 大学universityUnit 1 Great scientists 词组1. put forward 提出 总之 in conclusion to conclude2. draw/come to/reach/arrive at a conclusion 得出结论 3. be/get under control 在控制下 be/get out of control beyond control 失去控制，不能操纵4. be absorbed in 专心 5. be to blame 应该受责备（用主动形式表示被动） blame sb. for sth. 因某事责备某人 blame sth on sb 6. in addition 也，另外，此外 apart form=in addition to=besides7. link.to. 将和连接或联系起来 associatewith8. die of 因而死亡（内因）die of illness die of loneliness die of hunger die from 因而死亡（外因） 9. lead to 导致，通向 10. make sense 有意义，说得通 11. apart from 除之外，此外 12. contribute to 为作贡献或捐款，导致，有助于 13. be enthusiastic about 对热情 14. be curious about 对好奇 15. cure sb. of illness 治好某人病 16. point of view 态度，观点，看法 17.（be）strict/severe with sb. 对某人要求严格 Unit 1 Part Two 重点词的讲解 重点词的用法： 1. natural science自然科学social science社会科学a doctor of science 理学博士science fiction 科学幻想小说scientific experiment科学实验scientific papers学术论文science-scientist -scientific-scientifically 2. conclude结束；推断出,断定+that We concluded our meeting at 9 oclock. 我们九点钟结束了会议。 What can you conclude from these observations? 你从这些观察中能得出什么结论? draw/reach/ come to/ arrive at a conclusion得出结论From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that environmental protection is of great importance.in conclusion 最后，总之3. Defeat n. 失败 v.打败,战败He was depressed by his defeat. 失败让他沮丧。 Our men were heavily defeated in the battle. 我军在此战役中受到重创。 使(希望, 计划等)失败, 挫败; 阻挠, 使无效 Our hopes were defeated. 我们的希望落空了。 He was defeated in his purpose. 他的计划失败了。 defeat 指“赢得胜利”, 尤其指“军事上的胜利”, 如:defeat the enemy打败敌人。conquer指“征服”、战胜,特别指“获得对人、物或感情的控制”,如:conquer nature征服自然。overcome指“战胜”、“压倒”、“克服”尤指“感情”而言, 如:overcome difficulties克服困难。4.expose使暴曝, 显, 袒露expose to 使.受到, 使.朝向.; 使.接触. be exposed to 置身于；暴露于Their scheme was exposed. 他们的阴谋被暴露了。 Dont expose the film to light. 不要把胶片曝光。 They consider it almost a crime to expose children to violence and sex on TV. 他们认为让儿童接触暴力和色情电视节目几乎是一种犯罪行为。 expose students to good art and music 使学生接触美好的艺术和音乐 5.cure v/n.治疗, 治愈 incurable 不能治愈的 cure sb of a diease 治愈某人某病 a cure for a disease医治某种疾病的方法/药a cure for sth 解决某事的方法/对策She tried every means to cure her child of the bad habit. 她想尽一切办法试图改掉她孩子的这个恶习。 Penicillin cured him of his disease. 青霉素治愈了他的病。 There is still no cure for the common cold. 目前仍没有治愈感冒的良药。 Is there a certain cure for cancer yet? 癌症迄今有无有效的治疗方法? convince sb of sth 使某人相信某事 remind sb of sth 使某人想起某人rob sb of sth 抢某人东西 inform sb of sth 通知某人某事warn sb of sth 警告某人注意某事 rid sb of sth 使某人摆脱某事cure sb of sth 治愈某人的疾病、改掉某人坏习惯suspect sb of (doing ) sth 疑心某人干某事 convince sb of sth 使某人深信6.absorb v. 使全神贯注,吸收(水、光、蒸汽等） absorption n. 吸收be absorbed in 专心于.全神贯注于.The old man was absorbed in the book. 老人全神贯注地读这本书。 He is absorbed in study. 他专心读书Cotton gloves absorb sweat. 棉手套吸汗。 This job absorbs all of my time. 这件工作占用了我的全部时间。 7.blame n.过失,责备 v. 责备,指责+for take /bear the blame for承担错误的责任I am ready to take the blame for the mistake. 我准备承担这一错误的责任。 blame sb for sth 因为. . . 而责备某人 He blamed you for the neglect of duty. 他责备你怠忽职守。 blame sth on sb 把某过错怪责到某人头上 Dont blame it on him, but on me. 别怪他, 该怪我。 sb be to blame 某人该受责备、该承担责任The driver was not to blame for the accident. 这次事故怪不着司机。 Either he or I am to blame. 不是他就是我该受责备。 Which driver was to blame for the accident? 这事故是哪个司机的责任? 8.responsible be responsible for =answer for 为 负责irresponsible adj.不负责任的 responsibly adv.不负责任地 responsibility n.责任Politicians are responsible to the voters. 政治家应对选民负责。 Bad weather is responsible for the poor crop. 坏天气是收成不好的原因。 She is my child, and I am responsible for her. 她是我的孩子,我对她负责。 9.Construct v.建造, 构造, 创立 Construction n. 建造, 构造 under construction = be being constructed 正在建造之中under discussion = be being discussed 正在讨论之中under consideration = be being considered 正在考虑之中under repair= be being repaired 正在维修之中10. contribute 捐献， 出钱（to）;起作用， 有助于， 促成;投稿;出力， 做出贡献contribute to the Red Cross向红十字会捐献Drink contributed to his ruin.酗酒促使他毁灭。Exercise contributes to better health. 锻炼能促成更强健的体魄11. apart from 除外；除外还=besides=in addition toApart from a few scratches, the car was undamaged.除了几处刮痕外，汽车没有什么损坏Apart from being fun and good exercise, swimming is a very useful skill.除了作为一种有趣而且有益的运动外，游泳还是一项很有用的技能。12. the senses (=the five senses)五官a sense of humor 幽默感a sense of sight hearing, smell, taste, touch视觉听觉, 嗅觉, 味觉, 触觉a sense of duty责任感the sense of direction方向感a high sense of responsibility高度的责任感This sentence doesnt make sense. 这个句子没有意义。 It would make sense to leave early. 早点离开是明智的。 His argument does not make sense. 他的争论没有意义。 Can you make sense of this poem? 你看得懂这首诗吗? Can you make sense of what I said? 你能领会我说的意思吗? Unit 1 Part Three 课文挖空、单句填空 一 课文填空John Snow was a famous doctor in Londonso expert, indeed, _1_ he attended Queen Victoria as her personal _2_ (physical). But he became _3_ (inspire) when he thought about helping ordinary people _4_ (expose) to cholera. This is the _5_ (die) disease of its day. _6_ its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousands of _7_ (terrify) people died every time there was _8_ outbreak. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never be controlled _9_ its cause was found. John Snow was a famous doctor in Londonso expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This is the deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found. Certainly he was right to be careful. The Christian Church rejected his theory, _1_ (say) it was against Gods idea and people who support _2_ would be attacked. Yet Copernicus theory is now the basis _3_ which all our ideas of the universe are built. His theory replaced the Christian idea of gravity, _4_ said things fell to earth because God created the earth _5_ the centre of the universe. Copernicus showed this was _6_ (obvious) wrong. Now people can see that _7_ is a direct link between his theory and the work of Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking.Certainly he was right to be careful. The Christian Church rejected his theory, saying it was against Godsidea and people who support it would be attacked. Yet Copernicus theory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built. His theory replaced the Christian idea of gravity, which said things fell to earth because God created the earth as the centre of the universe. Copernicus showed this was obviously wrong. Now people can see that there is a direct link between his theory and the work of Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking.课文句子填空：1 He became _ (interest) in two theories that _ (possible) explained how cholera killed people. 2 The second (theory) suggested that people absorbed this disease _ their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the _ (affect) person died.3 First he marked on a map the exact places _ all the dead people had lived.4 . It seemed that the water was _ (blame).5. In another part of London, he found _ (support) evidence from other deaths that were linked _ the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, _ had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it _ (deliver) to her house every day.6. To prevent this from happening again. John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies _ (examine). 7 .The water companies were instructed not to expose people _ polluted water any more.8. Nicolaus Copernicus was _ (frighten) and his mind was _ (confuse).9. So between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually _ (improve) his theory until he felt _ was complete.10. He placed a _ (fix) sun at the centre of the solar system _ the planets going round it and only the moon still _ (go) round the earth.11. He did not want _ (attack) by the Christian Church, so he only published it as he _ (lie) _ (die) in 1543.1 He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. 2 The second (theory) suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.3 First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had lived.4 It seemed that the water was to blame.5 In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.6 To prevent this from happening again. John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined. 7 The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more.8 Nicolaus Copernicus was frightened and his mind was confused.9 So between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete.10 He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.11 He did not want to be attacked by the Christian Church, so he only published it as he lay dying in 1543.必背句型1 So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.2 First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had lived.3 It seemed that the water was to blame.4 Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.5 He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.课文中词组1. 照顾某人的私人医生 attend sb as ones physician 2. 致命的疾病 a deadly disease3. 病源 the cause of the disease its cause4. 患者，受到感染的人 affected/infected people5. 吃饭的时候把这种病毒吸入体内 absorb this disease into their bodies with their meals6. 霍乱在伦敦再一次大规模爆发 Another outbreak hit/struck London.7. 疾病在贫民区迅速蔓延 The disease spread quickly through poor neighborhoods8. 做深入调查 make further investigations9. 拆掉水泵的把手 remove the handle from the pump10. 有力的证据 supporting evidence11. 与有关的两起死亡比例 two deaths that were linked to12. 特别喜欢那里的水以致每天派人送水到家里来 like it so much that she had it delivered to her house13. 有了这个特别的证据 with this extra evidence14. 被污染的水携带病毒 polluted water carried the virus15. 肯定地宣布 announce with certainty16. 所有水源 all the water supplies17. 自来水公司接到指令不能让人们接触到被污染的水 The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more18. 水是罪魁祸首 The water was to blame.Unit 1 Part Four 心理活动动词的用法、过去分词用法练习amuse（使发笑）bore（使厌烦）annoy（使恼火）tire（使疲乏）please（使愉快）excite（使激动）shock（使震惊）disappoint（使失望）alarm（使惊慌）， amaze（使惊异）， astonish（使惊讶），delight（使高兴），depress（使消沉），discourage（使沮丧）encourage（使鼓舞）exhaust（使筋疲力尽）horrify（使恐惧）， inspire（使激励）， interest（使兴趣），irritate（使费解）， move（使感动）， puzzle（使费解），refresh（使精力恢复），satisfy（使满意），surprise（使惊奇），terrify（使恐怖），worry（使担心）be worn out =be tired out = be exhausted【Exercises】1. (annoy)It was really _ to miss a train. He felt _ when he found himself cheated.2. (interest; tire)Traveling is _ but _. We are _ in traveling, but we often feel _ when we are back from our travels.3. (disappoint)What _ news! Everybody was_at the result of the experiment. 4. (encourage)His kind words were very _. Though we had lost the match, we were _ and were determined to train harder. 5. (please)These colors are very _ to the eye. The boy was very _ with his birthday gift. 6. (frighten)The old woman was _ when she tried cooking with electricity. The picture was so _ that all the children cried out in fear when they saw it.7. (surprise)I was _ when I heard my brothers voice outside the window. I thought he was still away in Shanghai. It was _, wasnt it? Exx:1.When will you go to the hospital and have your tooth examined (examine)?2. Whats the language spoken (speak) in Germany? 3. He had his leg broken (break) in the match yesterday. 4. Most of the people invited (invite) to the party were famous scientists. 5. The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied (tie) behind his back. 6.We can see steam rising (rise) from the wet clothes.7. When I got there, I found him repairing (repair) farm tools. 8. When I got there, I found the farm tools repaired. (repair) 9. The computer center, opened (open) last year, is very popular among the students in this school. 10. Dont get caught (catch) in the rain. 11. I found a car stuck (stick) in a pool by the side of the road. 12. Do you know the man standing (stand) at the gate? 13. -By the way, when did you get your bedroom painted (paint) ? -Last week. 14. The students in the university are all taking courses leading (lead) to a degree. 15. The children were found trapped (trap) in the cave. 16. They found a dying (die) old woman lying (lie) on the ground when the door was broken down. 17. Before he came to London, he had never heard a single English word spoken (speak). 18. An excited (excite) crowd is awaiting the arrival of the film star. 19.The scientists were waiting to see the problem settled (settle).Exx:1.When will you go to the hospital and have your tooth examined (examine)?2. Whats the language spoken (speak) in Germany? 3. He had his leg broken (break) in the match yesterday. 4. Most of the people invited (invite) to the party were famous scientists. 5. The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied (tie) behind his back. 6.We can see steam rising (rise) from the wet clothes.7. When I got there, I found him repairing (repair) farm tools. 8. When I got there, I found the farm tools repaired. (repair) 9. The computer center, opened (open) last year, is very popular among the students in this school. 10. Dont get caught (catch) in the rain. 11. I found a car stuck (stick) in a pool by the side of the road. 12. Do you know the man standing (stand) at the gate? 13. -By the way, when did you get your bedroom painted (paint) ? -Last week. 14. The students in the university are all taking courses leading (lead) to a degree. 15. The children were found trapped (trap)