Palace of Versailles.ppt

PalaceofVersailles thePalaceofVersaillessouthwestofParis2000acreestateresidenceofFrenchkingsfromLouisXIVtoLouisXVI TheKing sGrandApartment eachdedicatedtoaplanetanditsassociatedRomandeity TheHerculesSalon paintingbyVeronese TheMealattheHouseofSimontheApotheosisofHercules Apotheosis aformalstatementthatapersonhasbecomeagod 指人 册封为神 尊奉为神 神化 TheAbundanceSalon ofrefreshments whereabuffetservedcoffee wineandliqueursbuffet acabinetwithshelvesanddrawersforkeepingdinnerwareandtablelinens TheVenusSalon VenusisdepictedontheceilingwiththefeaturesoftheGoddessofLove themouldingdepictingAugustuspresidingoverthecircusgamesalludestothefamouscarrousel骑术比赛of1662giveninhonouroftheQueen theoneshowingAlexandermarryingRoxanaevokestheweddingofLouisXIVRoxanawasaBactriannobleandawifeofAlexandertheGreat TheDianaSalon GreekAntiquity Diana thegoddessofhunting wasassociatedwiththemoonduetohercoldness ThemouldingsaredecoratedwithhuntingscenesofheroesoftheAntiquity Here theallusionistransparentbecauseitiswellknownthatLouisXIVwasagreathunter ThecentralpartoftheceilingexecutedbyGabrielBlanchardrepresentsDianapresidingovernavigationandhunting TheMercurySalon Augustusreceivinganembassy attherear oppositethewindows PtolemaeusPhiladelphiainhislibrary ontheright onthewindowside AlexanderandAristotlewhoreceivesfromthisprincevariousforeignanimalswhosehistoryhewrites TheApolloSalon TheApolloSalon dedicatedtotheSunGod godoftheArtsandPeace withwhomLouisXIVidentified wasthemostluxuriousofall Thedraperies whichlikeinalltheroyalresidences variedaccordingtotheseasons weremadeofcrimsonvelvetinterspersedwitheighteenbandsofgoldandsilverembroideryinthewinterandgoldandsilveronsilkinthesummer drapery 帘子embroidery patternsthataresewnontofabricusingthreadsofvariouscolours fabricthatisdecoratedinthisway绣花 刺绣品 TheHallofMirrors TheHallofMirrorswaserectedtoglorifythepolitical economicandartisticsuccessofFrance PoliticalsuccessisdemonstratedbythirtycompositionsinthearchpaintedbyLeBrun whichillustratetheglorioushistoryofLouisXIVinthefirsteighteenyearsofhisgovernment from1661untilthePeaceofNijmegen 1 1 thePeaceofNijmegen aseriesoftreatiessignedintheDutchcityofNijmegenbetween1678and1679 ThetreatiesendedvariousinterconnectedwarsamongFrance theDutchRepublic Spain Brandenburg Sweden Denmark thePrince BishopricofM nster andtheHolyRomanEmpire Militaryanddiplomaticvictories aswellasreformsinviewofthereorganisationofthekingdom areportrayedintheformofantiqueallegories Themonarchwasdepictedinvariousguises Romanemperor greatadministratorofthekingdom andvictoroverforeignpowers Economicprosperityisdemonstratedbythedimensionsandquantityofthethreehundredandfifty sevenmirrorsthatdecoratetheseventeenarchesoppositethewindows attestingthatthenewFrenchproductionofmirrors whichatthetimewereluxuryobjects iscapableofstealingthemonopolyawayfromVenice AseriesofsparklingchandeliersadorntheceilingThesolidsilvertables lampholders andorange treepotsthatoriginallyadornedthegallery however wereallunfortunatelymelteddownbyLouisXIVhimselfinordertofinancehiswars In1871 theGermanEmpirewasproclaimedhereafterFrance sdefeatintheFranco PrussianWar ItwasalsointheHallofMirrorsthatGermanysignedtheTreatyofVersailles endingWorldWarIandportioningmuchofEurope TheWarSalon Theceilingpanelsportraytheking sthreeconqueredenemies Germany kneeling withaneagle Spain threatening witharoaringlionandHolland upsidedownonalion ThefourthpanelrepresentsBellone Goddessofwar enragedbetweenRebellionandDiscord TheGardensofVersailles 55differentlakes Thefountainsplayakeyroleinthegardens AtthepeakofVersailles glory 1400fountainsspewedforth KingLouisXIVusedfountainstodemonstratethepowerofmanovernature andtoillustratethegrandeurofhisrule Insteadoffallingnaturallyintoabasin waterwasshotintothesky orformedintotheshapeofafanorbouquet Dancingwaterwascombinedwithmusicandfireworkstoformagrandspectacle TheLatonafountainandtheApollofountainarethetwocenterpiecesofthegardens TheLatonafountaindepictsanepisodefromOvid sMetamorphoses 1 theLycianpeasants whorefusedtoletLatona 2 andherchildren ApolloandDianadrinkfromtheirpond mudslingedatthembutwereturnedintofrogsbyZeus Thismythologicalepisodewaschosenasanallegorytotherevolts 3 oftheFrondeinthe1650s ThiswasareminderofhowFrenchpeasantshadabusedLouis smother AnneofAustria Whenthefountainisturnedon spraysofwaterpourdownonthepeasants whoarefrenziedastheyaretransformedintocreatures 1 Metamorphoses processinwhichsomebody somethingchangescompletelyintosomethingdifferent 变形记 2 InRomanmythology Latonawasthegoddessofmotherhoodandtheprotectorofchildren 3 revolt protestagainstauthority especiallythatofagovernment ofteninvolvingviolence 尤指针对政府的 起义 叛乱 TheApollofountainshowsathemealsodepictedinthepainteddecorationintheHallofMirrors Apolloinhischariotabouttorisefromthewater announcedbyTritonswithseashelltrumpets HistoriansMaryAnneConelliandMarilynSymmeswrote Designedfordramaticeffectandtoflattertheking thefountainisorientedsothattheSunGodrisesfromthewestandtravelseasttowardthepalace incontradictiontonature LouisXIVhadLittleVeniceconstructedin1674 MuseumoftheHistoryofFrance TheChapelVersailles ThesculpturalandpainteddecorationusesbothOldTestamentandNewTestamentthemes Theceilingofthenave 1 representGodtheFatherinHisGloryBringingtotheWorldthePromiseofRedemption 2 andwaspaintedbyAntoineCoypel thehalf domeoftheapse 3 isdecoratedwithCharlesdelaFosse sTheResurrectionofChrist and abovetheroyaltribuneisJeanJouvenet sTheDescentoftheHolyGhostupontheVirginandtheApostles 1 nave thelongcentralpartofachurchwheremostoftheseatsare教堂正厅 2 Redemption theactofsavingorstateofbeingsavedfromthepowerofevil theactofredeeming拯救 救赎 3 apse asmallarea oftenintheshapeofasemicircle usuallyattheeastendof