定语从句公开课教学.doc

高三英语讲学稿课型：复习课 Attributive Clause定语从句教案（一）主备课：王小梅 审核：张志英 时间：2009-12-16【学习目标】1、关系代词与关系副词的区别。2、when，where和why引导的定语从句3、whose + 名词引导的定语从句4、“介词+关系代词which/whom”引导的定语从句，关键要找准先行词或定语从句中的谓语动词的固定搭配。5、that, which引导定语从句的区别。【学习重点】The structure of the attributive clause(定语从句的结构)【学习难点】The use of the attributive clause.(定语从句的用法)【学习方法】Combine the instruction with exercises.一、自学预习【考纲要求】在考纲中，要求掌握以下定语从句的内容：1、引导限制性定语从句的关系词。2、引导非限制性定语从句的关系词。3，限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别。4、介词+关系代词的用法。5、不定代词/数词+ofwhich/whom引导的非限制性定语从句及其该结构与并列句的判断。【教法指引】定语从句是高中英语学习的重要语法项目之一，在高考各个题型中都有可能会涉及到。它的结构和用法比较复杂，是高中阶段英语学习的一个重点，也是高考英语常考的一个考点，是历年高考的热点，掌握定语从句对于语言理解和运用具有重要的意义。对定语从句的考查角度较多，分析近几年的高考试题发现：从从句类型上看，考查非限制定语从句，限制性定语从句，从关系词上看，which，where，when均有考查，从介词+关系代词方面，也有考查。只要弄清定语从句的有关概念就可以“以不变应万变”。因此复习备考中要注意：1了解有关定语从句的所有语法规则，弄清从句中关系代词和关系副词的区别。2分清及物动词和不及物动词，判断句子结构是否完整，注意句子中逗号的语法作用。3注意先行词的特殊性和关系代词的选择，依据先行词来选择“介词+关系代词”的结构。4. 加强有关定语从句的理解和练习。Translate the proverbs.(翻译以下谚语并找出定语从句) 1All that glitters is not gold.2He who plays with fire gets burnt. 3He laughs best who laughs last.4Alls well that ends well.5He is a wise man who speaks little. 二、师生探究：【知识网络】定语从句: 用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫定语从句。（一）关系代词引导的定语从句1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词句子成分 用于限制从句或非限制性从句 只用于限制性从句代替人 代替物 代替人或物主语 Whowhich that主语 Whomwhich that宾语 Whose（=of whom）whose（=of which）The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.This is the room that Shakespeare was born in.2.关系代词that 和which的用法区别（1）如果先行词是all，much，anything，something，nothing，everything，little，none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which.例如：All the people that are present burst into tears.（2）如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first，last，any，only，few，much，no，some，very等词修饰，关系代词常用that，不用which，who，或whom.例如：（3）非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that，作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如：There are about seven million people taking part in the election，most of whom、are well educated.（4）which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。例如：He succeeded in the competition，which made his parents very happy.（5）that可指人或物，在从句中作表语，（指人作主语时多用who）仅用于限制性定语从句中。（6）which可作表语，既可指人，以可指物。Which引导的定语从句可以限制性的，也可以是非限制性的。（7）先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that.例如：The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.（8）如果先行词是anyone，anybody，everyone，everybody，someone，somebody，关系代词应该用 who 或whom，不用which.例如：Is there anyone here who will go with you？注意：用which而不用that的情况：1.在非限制性定语从句中，指“物”的引导词用which不用that，which也可指代前面整个句子；This is the house, which she bought last year.He didnt come yesterday, which disappointed us.2.在介词后面用which不用that（介词+which）。These are the houses in which they have lived these days.He works in a middle school, in front of which there is a river.三、巩固练习：1.There isnt much _ we can do about it. A. which B. who C. whom D. that2.Im afraid that all _ Ive got to say. A. that B. what C. when D. which3.Is there anyone else _ we should invite to the ceremony? A. that B. who C. which D. as4.All the apples _ fell down were eaten by the pigs. A. that B. which C. whose D. what5.The only language _ is easy to learn is the mother tongue. A. which B. whose C. it D. that6.She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into mouth. A. which B. it C. who D. that四探究运用.“介词关系代词”是一个普遍使用的结构（1）“介词关系代词”可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。“介词关系代词”结构中的介词可以是in，on，about，from，for，with，to, at，of，without 等，关系代词只可用whom或 which，不可用that .（2）listen to，look at，take care of 等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of.（二）关系副词引导的定语从句1.关系副词也可以引导定语从句关系副词在从句中分别表示时间。地点或原因。关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语，where 充当地点状语，why充当原因状语。2. that可引导定语从句表示时间。地点或原因That有时可以代替关系副词 when，where 或者why引导定语从句表示时间。地点或原因，在that引导的这种定语从句中，that也可以省去。（三）关系代词和关系副词的选择知识回顾：引导定语从句的关系词以及它们在定语从句中所作的成份关系副词1.when：在定语从句中作时间状语，先行词为表示时间的名词；The day when he was born remains unknown.2.where：在定语从句中作地点状语，先行词为表示地点的名词；I dont know the place where he lives.3.why：在定语从句中作原因状语，先行词为reason。Tell me the reason why you didnt come.归纳总结：定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的选择，关键是分析定语从句的成份。巩固练习：1.Do you remember the days _ we spent in the country last year? A. that B. when C. where D. who 2.Do you remember the days _ we spent the holiday together last year? A. that B. when C. where D. who 3.This is the factory _ your father worked last year. A. that B. which C. where D. when 4.This is the factory _ your father worked in last year? A. that B. when C. where D. who 5.The reason _ she cried is unknown. A. why B. when C. that D. which 6.The reason _ she told us is surprising. A. that B. when C. where D. who 7.In this area there are many farms _ soil(土壤) is very fertile(肥沃的). A. that B. whose C. where D. who 8.The boy _ mother is a famous singer is studying in our school. A. whom B. whose C. which D. who 9.Hell never forget the day _ he became a university student for the first time. A. that B. which C. when D. why 10.I know a place _ we can have a quiet talk. A. when B. whose C. where D. whichStudents talk about how to understand and write the attributive clauses. (学生笔头归纳并交流)IVFeedback(教师反馈总结)：Homework: (家庭作业)在定语从句中关系副词when, where, why其含义相当于on which, in which, for which，所以可以交替使用。如： The day I met him first was May 1st. The year I came here was 1998. The reason he was late was that he got up late. The will never forget the day_ she spent in Beijing. She will never forget the day_ she stayed with him in Beijing. The college wont take anyone