2019年高考英语一轮优练题Unit4Globalwarming（含解析）新人教版选修.docx

Global warming李仕才一、阅读理解。Everyone knows that death is natural, but do you have any idea of the process of dying? Modern scientists divide the process of dying into two stages clinical or temporary death and biological death. Clinical death occurs when the vital organs, such as the heart or lungs, have stopped functioning, but have not suffered permanent damage. The organism can still be saved. Biological death occurs when changes in the organism lead to the “breaking up” of vital cells and tissues. Death is then unchangeable and final.Scientists have been seeking a way to prolong the period of clinical death so that the organism can remain alive before biological death occurs. The best method developed so far involves cooling the organism, combined with narcotic (麻醉) sleep. By slowing down the bodys metabolism (新陈代谢), cooling delays the processes leading to biological death.To show how this works, scientists performed an experiment on a six-year-old female monkey called Keta. The scientist put Keta to sleep with a narcotic. Then they surrounded her body with ice-bags and began checking her body temperature. When it had dropped to 28 degrees the scientists began taking blood out from an artery (动脉). The monkeys blood pressure decreased and an hour later both the heart and breathing stopped: clinical death set in. For twenty minutes Keta remained in this state. Her temperature dropped to 22 degrees. At this point the scientists pumped blood into an artery in the direction of the heart and started artificial breathing. After two minutes Ketas heart became active once more. After fifteen minutes, spontaneous (自发的) breathing began, and after four hours Keta opened her eyes and lifted her head.After six hours, when the scientists tried to give her a penicillin (青霉素) injection, Keta seized the syringe (注射器)and ran with it around the room.Her behavior differed little from that of a healthy animal.1.For a person who suffers from the clinical death _.A. heisstillverymuchaliveB. hecannotavoidfinaldeathC. hismostimportantorgansaredamaged foreverD. he still has the possibility of getting back to life2.Scientists try to make the time of clinical death longer in order to _.A. cooltheorganismB. delaythecomingofbiologicaldeathC. slowdownthebodysmetabolismD. bring vital cells and tissues back to active life3.The text mainly talks about _.A. clinical death and biological deathB.an experiment on a monkeyC. the meaning of deathD. the process before death4.From the underlined sentence in the last paragraph we can know that _.A. Keta was impoliteB. Keta was healthyC. Keta was illD. Keta was crazy【文章大意】本文主要叙述了为了延缓生理死亡的到来，科学家尽量延长临床死亡的时间。1.D 【解析】细节理解题。由文章第一段内容“Clinical death occurs when the vital organs, such as the heart or lungs, have stopped functioning, but have not suffered permanent damage. The organism can still be saved”可知，一个临床死亡的人还有可能活过来，故选D。3.A 【解析】主旨大意题。文章第一段提出了人类死亡的两个阶段：临床死亡和生理死亡；第二段提出科学家们想办法延长临床死亡；第三段通过用猴子做实验来验证延长临床死亡的方法，故本文主要论述了临床死亡和生理死亡，选A项。4.B 【解析】推理判断题。结合文章最后一句“Her behavior differed little from that of a healthy animal.”（她的行为无异于健康动物的行为），可推知划线部分句子说明Keta是健康的，故选B项。二、单句语法填空1_ (advocate) by many wellknown experts and film stars, the product was very popular at one time.答案：Advocated2Most of the students interviewed last week opposed _ (have) classes on Sunday.答案：having3Quantities of money _ (spend) in bringing up the children since they were married.答案：have been spent4There are a variety of animals _ (range) from rabbits to tigers in the park, including a rare species of monkey.答案：ranging5(天津卷)He was a good student and scored _ average in most subjects.答案：above6How did it come _ that you were an hour late on such a short trip?答案：about7In the past, only in country areas did people tend_ (believe) that boys were smarter than girls, which was great prejudice against girls.答案：to believe8He will have to find some other work, for he cant put up _ this loud noise any more.答案：with9(2018黄山七校联考)Failure results _ laziness and hard work results_ success.答案：from; in10There is no doubt _ the proposal he put forward at the meeting is unacceptable.答案：that三、完形填空。From an early age, Parker always said that he would be an astronaut when he grew up. But no matter how much he studied and took tests, he was never 1 to fly in space. 2 ， he grew over the maximum age for taking the selection tests. In other words, he would never be able to fulfill his 3 Thinking about all the time and 4 Parker had put into trying to be an astronaut, people felt 5 for him. Despite what he was told about having to 6 his ambition, Parker continued training and studying， 7 he was going to have the tests the next month.He 8 as he got older, and when he was a very old man he heard that they were doing some very important 9 experiments. For those experiments they needed a very 10 astronaut. Parker, who walked with a 11 ， was the only old man in the whole world who was 12 to fly in a rocket. Therefore, Parker found himself flying in 13 ， all with the help of science. It was clear that the 14 gained during those missions helped to cure one of the worst sicknesses for old people, and Parker was 15 as a hero.Photos of the astronaut with a walking stick and no teeth 16 all over the world, and became a 17 of how you can never train or learn too much. It showed that 18 effort always brings 19 even though it may not be in the form we had first 20 【解题导语】Parker从小立志做一名宇航员，却一直未实现自己的梦想。但他从未放弃希望，一如既往地进行飞行训练。终于在年老时实现了自己的愿望。1A.noticedBselectedCinvitedDpermittedB解析：根据下文中的“he grew over the maximum age for taking the selection tests”可知，此处指他从来没有被选(selected)去太空飞行。2A.SecretlyBSuddenlyCLuckilyDFinallyD解析：最后，Parker已经超过了选拔考试的最大年龄。finally “最终，终于”。3A.dreamBtaskCneedDbeliefA解析：文章开头谈及Parker的梦想，因为他已经超过了选拔考试的最大年龄，所以他永远也无法实现他的梦想(dream)。4A.reputationBpowerCeffortDpracticeC解析：根据第一段中的“But no matter how much he studied and took tests”可知，Parker付出了很多时间和努力(effort)。人们一想到Parker为成为宇航员所付出的时间和努力就为他感到遗憾(sorry)。5A.happyBsorryCnervousDcalmB解析：参见上题解析。6A.ignoreBforgetCdevelopDabandonD解析：尽管有人告诉Parker，他不得不放弃(abandon) 他的目标，但他还是继续训练和学习，好像(as if)下个月他要参加测试似的。7A.so thatBnow thatCas ifDeven thoughC解析：参见上题解析。8A.carried onBtook onCturned offDgot offA解析：Parker继续(学习和训练)。carry on“继续做，坚持干”，符合语境。9A.electricalBphysicalCmedicalDpoliticalC解析：根据下文中的“during those missions helped to cure one of the worst sicknesses for old people”可知，Parker得知他们在太空做医学实验。medical“医疗的”，符合语境。electrical“用电的”；physical“物理学的”；political“政治的”。10A.sickBexperiencedCactiveDoldD解析：根据语境可知，他们需要一位年纪大的(old) 宇航员。11A.mapBstickCguideDcandleB解析：根据下文中的“Photos of the astronaut with a walking stick”可知，当时Parker走路需要拐杖。a walking stick“拐杖”。12A.plannedBtrainedCforcedDallowedB解析：根据上文内容可知，Parker参加训练就是为了能够在太空飞行。故B项符合语境。13A.silenceBdangerCactionDspaceD解析：根据语境可知，此处指Parker参加实验后，发现自己在太空(space)飞行。14A.knowledgeBexperienceCmoneyDopportunityA解析：在那些任务中所获得的知识(knowledge)有助于治愈老人们最严重的疾病之一。15A.replacedBeducatedCpraisedDaffectedC解析：Parker被人们称赞(praised)为一位英雄。replace“代替”；educate“教育”；affect“影响”。16A.movedBflewCspreadDtookC解析：这位拄着拐杖且没有牙齿的宇航员的照片在全世界传播(spread) 开来。17A.symbolBmarkCcaseDdoubtA解析：Parker的照片成了一种象征(symbol)你再怎么多得去学习和训练都不为过。18A.desperateBpersistentCcautiousDapparentB解析：这表明坚持不懈的(persistent) 努力总会带来回报(reward)。 desperate“绝望的”；cautious“小心的”，apparent“显而易见的”。19A.awardBprizeCresultDrewardD解析：参见上题解析。20A.expectedBguessedCsuggestedDprovedA解析：坚持不懈的努力总会带来回报，尽管它不是我们最初所期待(expected)的那种形式。四、单句改错1On the other hand, the cost of everything from housing to education has risen steady in recent decades. _ 答案：steadysteadily 2A big fire broke out last night；as the consequence, the house was completely destroyed._ 答案：第一个thea3A number of new machines were int