10、语法：10.名词.docx

名词中实学校名词是表示人或事物名称的词。名词通常用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、同位语或定语。考点:1.可数名词及其单复数 2.不可数名词 3.专有名词 4.名词所有格解析：一、可数名词及其单复数名词按其所表示的事物的性质可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词用【C】表示,有单复数形式。个体名词和集体名词属于可数名词。个体名词:表示某类人或事物中的个体。如table,window,computer等。集体名词:表示若干个体组成的集合体。如family, class, team等。1.可数名词复数规则变化(1)一般情况下直接加s:如apple, boy,garden,ticket, zoo等。(2)以s, x, ch, sh, 部分以o结尾的单词加es变复数: 如class, box,watch, brush, tomato, potato 等(3)辅音字母+y结尾的单词,把y改为i再加es: 如city, factory,library等。(4)以f或fe结尾,把f或fe,变v再加es:如knife, shelf等。2.可数名词复数不规则变化(1)改变单数名词中的元音字母:如footfeet, manmen等。(2)词尾发生变化:如childchildren等。(3)单复数同形的名词:如sheep, fish等。(4)表示“某国人”的单复数变化单复数同形: 如Chinese, Japanese等。词尾加s: 如RomanRomans等。变-man为-men: 如FrenchmanFrenchmen等(5)复合名词变复数时,有主体名词时加在主体名词词尾,无主体名词时加在复合词的词尾。 如pencil-boxpencil-boxes等。注:名词作定语时有两种情况。(1)anappletree-threeappletrees(2)awomandoctor -manywomendoctors练习:把下列名词变成复数形式。Canadian Australian Englishman knee noodle chairman instrument hero policewoman monkey a girl student many hero lady a shoe factory five band piano match photo knife hometown wife Chinese snowman zoo a sports meeting two basketball toothbrush an orange tree a few life foot German watch diary mouse brush leaf potato planet sheep kitchen century giraffe CD kilo half deer tooth match bus factory American house 二、不可数名词不可数名词用【U】表示,没有单复数形式。物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词。物质名词:表示无法分为个体的物质或实物。如rice, air, wood等。抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象的概念。如 homework, interest, knowledge等。不可数名词一般没有复数形式。不可数名词前面也不可用数词修饰。说明其数量时要借助相应的计量名词。如 weather, a cup of tea, five pieces of advice等。三、专有名词名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。专有名词用来表示某一特定的人、团体、地方或机构等。如 Chinese, Class Four, the Great Wall, No.60 Middle School等。练习：名词的分类与数( )1.Shewasveryhappyyesterday,becauseshe inthemathstest.A.makesafewmistake B.madeafewmistakes C.madefewmistakes( )2.Weneedsomemore . Canyougoandgetsome,please?A.potatoes Bthepotatoes C. potatos( )3. are forcuttingthings.Soyoucanusethemwhenyouwanttocutthings.A.Knife;used B.Knives; used C.Knifes; used( )4.Whatbig thetigerhas!Theymustbeverysharp.A.tooth B.teeth C. tooths( )5.Pleaseremembertogivethehorsesometree ,oritwillbehungry.Aleaves B. leafs C. leaf( )6.-Canwehavesome _ _? -Yes,please.Howmanydoyouwant?Abanana B. oranges C.apple( )7.Onthetabletherearefive , andeachofyoucanhaveone.A.tomatos B.pieceoftomatoes C.tomatoes( )8.Theygotmuch fromthosenewbooks.Thebooksarereallyuseful.A.ideas Bphotos C.information( )9.Mrs.Whitegaveus onhowtokeepfit,anditreallyworkswell.A.someadvices B.someadvice C.anadvice( )10.As soon as we saw him, weknew wasbad.Somethingdisappointingappearedon hisface.A.somenews B.anews C.thenews( )11.What lovelyweatheritis!WhydontwegototheDragonTowertoday?A. / B.the C. a( )12.Itreallytookhim todrawthenicehorse,butitwaswellworth.A. sometimes B.hour C. some time( )13.-Howmany haveyougotonyourfarm?-Ivegotfive,andIhavefivecows,too.A.sheeps Bsheep C.mouses( )14.Some cametoourschoolforavisitthatday,andwehadapartytogetherthat night.A.Germanies B.Germen C.Germans( )15.Inthepicturetherearemany and two .A.children;foxes B.fish;fox C.man; foxes( )16.Agroupof willvisitthemuseumtomorrow.Wemustcleanitrightnow.AFrenchman B.Australian C.Japanese( )17.Thistableismadeof , so it goes broken easily.A.glasses B.glass C. a glass( )18.-Whatwouldyouliketohaveforlunch,sir?-Idlike andabowlofnoodles.A.somechicken B.somechicks C.somechickens( )19.Childrenshouldmake foroldpeopleinabus.Itsgoodbehaviorforchildrenallovertheworld。A.the room B. room C. rooms( )20. hardwork!Weshouldbemorecareful.A.Whata B.How C.What( )21.Iwonderwhy aresointerestedinactionfilms(武打片).A. people B. peoples C.thepeople( )22.Tomboughtapairof in the attheendofthestreet.Asportshoes;shoesshop Bsportsshoes; shoesshop Csportsshoes;shoeshop( )23. agoodenoughpriceforthisbook.A.Twoyuansare B.Twoyuanare C.Twoyuanis( )24.Its ridefrommyhometothefactory.A.twohoursandhalfs B.twoandahalfhours Ctwohourandahalfs( )25.Linda,Iveboughtmany . Nowletsmakethebirthdaycake.A.fresheggs B.chocolatemilk C.frozenfood( )26.-Wouldyoulike ?-Thankyou,butImnotthirsty.A.someoranges B.anyorange C. someorange( )27.Youdbetterdomorning everyday.Itsgoodtohavelotsof .A.exercise;exercise B. exercises;exercise C. exercises;exercises( )28.Howmany werethereinthestreetwhentheaccidenthappened?A.police B. policemans C. policemen( )29.Ifthesetrousersaretoobig,youcanbuyasmaller .A.set B. piece C. pair( )30.Therearefive in ourfactory,and theyaresopopularinourfactory.A. woman driver B.womandrivers C.womendrivers( )31.Thereis no enough forallofus.Whataboutgoingintoabigone?A.room B.aroom C. rooms( )32.Theteachergaveussome onhowtolearnEnglishinanefficient way.A.advice B.advices C. advise( )33.Whenweheardabigsound,werealizedthattherewas .A. abad news B.apieceofnews C.thebadnews( )34.Youcanfound out by searching the Internet at .A.aninformation B.someinformation C.someinformations( )35.Mygeographyteacherknowsmuchabout , including plantsandanimals.Andmygeographyteachercanspeak language.A.African,African,AfricaB.African,Africa,AfricanC.Africa,African,African( )36.-Whereareyougoingnow? -Iamgoingtothesupermarkettobuy . A. abarofsoap B.abar soap C.twobarsofsoaps( )37.-Howmany arethereonthetable? -Therearesix. A.bottlesofwater B.bottleofwater Cbottlesofwaters( )38.-Pleasebringmesome . -OK.Waitamoment,please. A.piecesofbreads B. breads C.piecesofbread( )39.Heworksinarestaurant.Heisasuccessful andhehasmany touse. A.cooker,cookers B.cooker,cooks C. cook, cookers( )40.-Wouldyoulikesome ? -Thankyou,butIdontlikeeating it. A.eggs B.chicken C. vegetables( )41.Intheaccident,theboyhurthis , so he cant walk asusual.A.legs B. ams C.wrists( )42.Wehaveno inourfridge.LetsgooutandbuysomecarrotsandcabbagesA. meat B.vegetables C.milk( )43.Therearealotof inourschool.Theyplaybasketballverywell.A. man teachers B.menteachers C.mansteachers( )44.Hedidnttellhisparentsthathehasbeenaccepted（被录取）bythe university because he wanted to give them a . A. amaze B. surprise C. chance( )45. Tom was out of when he got to the station.A. breath B. breathe C. breathes( )46. Today, most of people still believe that is the most important quality.A. honest B. honesty C. dishonesty( )47.-Do you know what is the largest animals in the world?-I think it is the blue whale. Its is about 80 tons.A. weigh B. weighs C. weight( )48.-How do you treat your friends?-I think I should show my and to them.A. politeness, caring B. polite, care C. politeness, cares( )49.Our eating habits are very important for good and a strong body. So weshould eat less . A. healthy, meats B. health, meat C. healthy, meat( )50.-Who do you admire（钦佩）best?-I admire Yao Ming and Kobe Bryant best. They are my in my heart.A. heros B. heroes C. hero四、名词所有格表示名词与名词之间的所属关系,叫名词所有格。1.s所有格:用于人或动物的名词词尾,以及表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词后。如 twentyminutes drive,Harbinsicelanterns等。注: 当表示两个或几个人共同所有的人或物时,只在最后一个人或物后加 s。如LucyandLilysroom(表示Lucy和Lily共同所有的房间) LucysandLilyrooms(表示Lucy和Lily各自所有的房间)2.of所有格(名词+of+名词): 常用来表示无生命的名词所有关系。 如thewindowsofthehouse,thephotoofthefamily等。3.双重所有格:of+s所有格这种结构叫双重所有格。 如anovelofMo Yans等。注:有些名词如诊所、家、店铺加 s变所有格后,可以省去名词如thedoctors(医生诊所),thebarbers(理发店)等。练习:（1）把下列汉语译成英文1.The (130分钟的)cartoonattractedmanykidstothecinema (儿童节那天).2.-Isthe bookonthe desk(讲台)? -No, its on (她的桌子上).3.Thegirlsold (七盒火柴).4.Thetallboywithsunglassesis (我的一个朋友).5.Kateis (Mary和Jack的姐姐).Shealwayslooks afterthem.6.Idlike (四杯果汁).7.Therearesomany (马)onthefarm8.Lilywantstobuy (一副太阳跟镜).9.Whenis (她妈妈的生日)?10. (吉姆和汤姆的帽子)areverynice.11. (妇女节)isinMarch.12. This isone (绵羊)andthesearethree （绵羊）.13.Arethese (你父母的照片)?14. (梅和安的连衣裙)arered.15.Thesenew (衬衫)areforyou.（2）翻译下列词组1.汤娜的格尺 2.杰克的妈妈 3.露西的连衣裙 4.学生们的教师 5.玛丽的英语书 6.李雷的家庭 7格林夫人的儿子 8.我妈妈的包 9.妇女节 10.儿童节 11.双胞胎的卧室 12.王平和王明的父亲 13.教师节 14.教室的门 15男生们的书包 16.迈克的眼镜 17.女孩儿们的布娃娃 18.我朋友的一个朋友 19.书桌的腿 20.杰克和杰瑞共有的卧室 （3）用名词的正确形式填空。1. These (apple tree) are near my house.2. Do they have any (toy)?3. It is (Lily) pen.4.June1stis (child)Day.5.Therearealotof (girl)studentsinourclass.6.Four (man)areinfrontofthe (teacher) office.7.Givehersome (egg), please.8.Thoseshoesare (Tom).9.Therearetwo (knife)inthepencilcase.10.Howmany (key)arethereonthetable?(4) 按要求改写下列句子。1.Thereisanorangetreeinthegarden.(变为复数句) 2.Sheisagoodteacher.(变为复数句) 3.Wehavesomeinterestingstorybooks.(变为单数句) 4.Thosearesomewomenteachersoverthere.(变为单数句) 5.-Whatisit? -Itsapeach.(变为复数句) 6.Doyouhaveanewradio?(变为复数句) (5)名词的格及单位词的使用。( )1.-Wouldyoulike tea? -No,thanks.Ihavedrunktwo .A.any;bottlesoforange B.some;bottlesoforange C.many;bottlesoforanges( )2.Heishungryandthirsty.Givehim toeatandaglassofmilktodrinkA.twobreads B.twopieces ofbread C.twopiecesofbreads( )3September10this inChina.Allofthestudentswilldosomethingfortheir teacher.A.Teachers Day B.TeacherssDay C.TeacherDay( )4.Canyougiveme ? IammuchtoothirstynowA. ateas B.somecupoftea C.acupoftea( )5.-Isthebroomunder desk? -No,its under .A.theteachers;my B.teachers;me C.theteachers;mine( )6.-Excuseme,whereisthe ? -Itsoverthere,inthecorner.A.mensroom B.mensroom C.mensrooms( )7.Thefootballunderthebedis .A.LilyandLucy B.LilysandLucy C.LilyandLucys( )8.Thisismy dictionary.Sheusuallyusesitwhenshedoesherhomework.A.sisterMary B.sisterMarys C.sistersMary( )9.Heplannedto tobuyashirt,butheboughtnothingatlast.A.atailors B.thetailor C.tailors( )10.Joanis . Shealwaystakescareofthem.A.MarysandJacksister B.MaryandJackssister C.MaryandJacksister( )11.-WhoseEnglish-Chinesedictionaryisthis? -Its .A.yoursister B.yoursisters C.yoursistersone( )12.-Whosthatmanonthesofainthelivingroom? -Hes .A.friendofmyfather B.oneofmyfathersfriend C.afriendofmyfathers( )13.-Whichkindofmagazinedoyoulikebest? -Lover.Itsthebestonefor .A.womanmagazine B.womansmagazine C.womensmagazine( )14.Myschoolisabouttwenty walkfromhere. EverydayIwalktoschool.A.minute B.minutes C.minutes( )15.Aftertheexam,wellhave holiday.MyparentswilltakemetoSanyaduring the holiday.A.twoweeks B.two-weeks C.twoweeks( )16.Afterplayingfootballformorethanhalfanhour,thestudentstook rest.A.afewminutes B.afewminutes C.alittle( )17.Theoldmanwanted .A.sevenboxesofmatches B.sevenboxesofmatchs C.sevenboxesofmatch( )18.Theresnothingspecialin newspaper.A.today B. todays C.AandB( )19.-Whatwouldyoulikeforyourmotherforthecoming ?-Ivenoidea.Butitmustbeabigsurpriseforher.A. Mothers Day B.MothersDay C. MotherDay( )20.-Whatwouldyouliketodrink,girls? - ,please. A.Twocupofcoffee B.Twocupsofcoffees C.Twocupsofcoffee( )21.Pleasegiveme paper.Iwanttowritesomethingdown. A.one B.apiece C.apieceof( )22.Johnbought forhimselfyesterday,andtheycosthimmuchmoney. A.twopairsofshooes B.twopairofshoe C.twopairofshoes( )23.Letsmeetat7:30outsidethegateof , shallwe?A.thePeoplesPark B.thePeoplesPark C.thePeoplePark( )24.ThePLAmansavedthree livesintheaccident. A.children B.childrens C.child( )25.Pleaseadd intomycoke.Thatsmuchcooler. A.anice B. apiece of ice C. someices( )26.-HowfarisitfromyourcitytotheWildAnimalZoo?- .A.Twohoursdrive B.Atwohoursdrive C.Atwo-hourdrive( )27. motherisawell-knowndoctorintown,everyonehasthegreatestrespectforher.A.JackandMikes B.JacksandMike C.JacksandMikes( )28.Lookat . Heisboatinghappilyintheriver. A.thephotoofMr.Wangs B.thephotoofMr.Wang C.thephotoofMr.Wangs( )29. Our school built a new library. It is a building. I always lose myself in reading books there in my free time. A. twentiethfloor B. twentyfloor C. twentyfloors( )30. -Where is your mother? -I think she is at . A. the bakers B. bakers C. the bakers shop( )31. Well have a holiday from April 5th to April 7th after this exam, then we can have a good rest. A. threeday B. three days C. threedays( )32. -Can I help you, sir? -Id like to have 100 . I want my students to draw pictures. A. piece of paper B. pieces of paper C. pie