初中二年级形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法.doc

形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法适用学科英语适用年级初中二年级适用区域人教版课时时长（分钟）15课时/90分钟知识点形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成方法形容词和副词比较级和最高级的基本用法形容词和副词比较级和最高级的比较教学目标知识：1、掌握形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成规则2、掌握形容词和副词比较级和最高级的基本用法3、掌握形容词和副词比较级和最高级的用法区别方法：要牢记形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成、用法，并能灵活运用。能力：1、能正确地转换形容词和副词的比较级和最高级。2、能根据语境熟练地对两者或两者以上的人或物进行比较。教学重点1、形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成方法。2、形容词和副词比较级和最高级的基本用法。教学难点1、掌握形容词和副词比较级和最高级的用法区别。2、掌握形容词和副词比较级和最高级的转换方法。教学过程一、复习预习教师引导学生复习所学的形容词和副词原级在句子中的用法， （以提问、回顾的形式进行），针对上节课的作业进行讲评、订正、答疑，并通过分析和扩展导入所要讲授的新知识。二、知识讲解知识点1：形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成（规则变化）1. 单音节词和部分双音节词【考查点】（1）一般在词尾加-er 或-est。 如： 原级 比较级 最高级 high higher highest tall taller tallest short shorter shortest 【考查点】（2）以字母e结尾的词，在词尾加 -r 和 -st。如： 原级 比较级 最高级 fine finer finest late later latest wide wider widest【考查点】（3）.重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写该辅音字母，再加-er或-st。原级 比较级 最高级 big bigger biggest thin thinner thinnest fat fatter fattest 【考查点】（4）.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，先把“y”该为“i”，再加-er 或-est。如：原级 比较级 最高级 easy easier easiest funny funnier funniest early earlier earliest2.多音节词和部分双音节词在词前加more或most原级 比较级 最高级 beautiful more beautiful most beautiful interesting more interesting most interesting comfortable more comfortable most comfortable comfortably more comfortably most comfortably知识点2：形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成（不规则变化） 原级 比较级 最高级good / well better bestbad /badly/ill worse worstmany/ much more mostlittle less least知识点3：形容词和副词比较级的用法【考查点】1.两者比较时用形容词和副词的比较级，其结构为“比较级+than”I am more outgoing than my sister. 我比姐姐更外向。Lucy is the taller of the twins. 双胞胎中的露西更高一点。He runs faster than me. 他跑得比我快。【考查点】2. 在两者之间选择“哪一个更.”时，用句型： “which/who is +比较级，.or?Which sweater is cheaper, the red one or the yellow one? 哪件毛衣更便宜，红色的那件还是黄色的那件。【考查点】3.表示“越,就越”时，用“the +比较级，the+比较级”The more you eat ,the fatter you will become. 你吃得越多，你就会越胖。The more,the better. 越多越好。【考查点】4.表示“越来越.”时，用“比较级+and+比较级”，多音节词和部分双音节词用“more and more +形容词原级”。If you eat too much meat, you will become fatter and fatter.如果你吃太多的肉，你就会变得越来越胖。We should make our country more and more beautiful.我们应该让自己的祖国变得越来越美。【考查点】5.表示“比大（长、多、宽）几倍”，“重几斤，高几厘米，大几岁”等，都用比较级。 Our classroom is twice larger than yours. Tom is six years older than you.【考查点】6.“more +形容词”与“less+形容词”及“not so/as as”的互换。Chinese is more important than English.汉语比英语重要。=English is less important than Chinese .=English is not so important as Chinese .【考查点】7.比较级的替代：使用比较级时，前后两个比较项要保持一致，若前一个比较项是不可数名词，则后一个比较项可为替代词that；若前一个比较项是可数名词复数，则后一个比较项为替代词those.The weather in Nanjing is warmer than that in Beijing in winter.在冬天南京的天气比北京暖和。The students of Class One study harder than those of Class Two.一班同学比二班用功。【易错点】1.比较级前可以用much, a little, a lot, even, rather, still, any, a bit, far等词修饰，起强调作用，不可用very , so , quite , too (只能修饰原级)等修饰。It is cold today, but it is going to be even colder tomorrow.今天很冷，但是明天更冷。【易错点】2.避免重复使用比较级。(错) He is more cleverer than his brother.(对) He is cleverer than his brother . 知识点4：形容词和副词最高级的用法【考查点】1.三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用形容词最高级形式。形容词最高级前通常加the,句末常接in/ of/ among短语来表示范围。He is the strongest of all the boys. 他是三个男孩中最强壮的。Which is the biggest, the earth ,the moon or the sun? 地球、月亮和太阳，哪一个最大？【考查点】2.表示“最之一”时，或是表示第几大/小/高/矮时，用最高级。Tiananmen square is one of the largest squares in the world. 天安门广场是世界上最大的广场之一。The Yellow River is the second largest river in China. 黄河是中国的第二大长河。 【考查点】3.在句型“Ive ever seen /heard ”句型中，一般用最高级形式。She is the most beautiful girl Ive ever seen. 她是我所见过的最漂亮的女孩。 It is the most interesting story Ive ever heard.这是我听过的最有趣的故事。【考查点】4.如果最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰时，则不用定冠词the.My oldest daughter is 16 years old. 我最大的女儿今年16岁。Yesterday was her happiest day in her life. 昨天是她一生中最幸福的一天。【考查点】5.形容词最高级前若有不定冠词a,这时，它不表示比较，而表示“非常”的意思。Spring is a best season. 春天是一个非常好的季节。三、例题精析【例题1】Which subject is _, physics or chemistry?Ainteresting Bmore interesting Cmost interesting Dthe most interesting【答案】： B【解析】：句意为“哪个学科更有趣，物理还是化学？”由句意可判断此处是两者进行比较，应用形容词比较级，又因为interesting的比较级形式是more interesting，故选B。【例题2】Im getting fatter and fatter. What should I do, doctor? Youd better eat _meat and take_exercise.Aless; less Bmore; more Cmore; less Dless; more 【答案】：D【解析】：通过对话我们可知病人觉得自己越来越胖了，寻求医生的帮助，那么医生应该是建议他少吃肉，多锻炼。因此答案为D。【例题3】This question is _more difficult than that one.Arather Bquite Cvery Da little【答案】：D【解析】： 本题考查比较级前可加程度副词表强调，四个选项中只有a little可以修饰比较级，其它三个只能修饰原级，故选D。【例题4】Nanjing isnt so large as Shanghai, however, its the second _city in East China.Alarger Blargest Cthe largest Dlarge【答案】：B【解析】: “the+序数词+最高级+名词单数”表示“第几最”，所以答案应选B。四、课堂运用【基础】1The more careful you are, the _mistakes you will make.Afew Bfewer Cfewest2. Its summer now. The weather is getting _ .Ahigher and higher Blower and lower Chotter and hotter Dcolder and colder3. The seats in the middle of the cinema are _of all. A. better B. good C. the best D. well4. Xian is one of _capital _in China. A. older, city B. the older, cityC. oldest, cities D. the oldest, cities【巩固】5.Bob often says that swimming is _than hiking in reducing weight, but he always spends more time on swimming. A. less useful B. more useful C. more interesting6. Young boys really grow fast. Both of my suns are already_than I amAshorter Bsmaller Ccleverer Dtaller7. Did Kate do best in the final exam? No, but of all the students she did _.Athe most careful Bmore carefulCmost carefully Dmore carefully【拔高】8Some studies have shown that students who eat good breakfast stay _and do _ than those who dont.A. thin, well B. thinner, betterC. the thinnest, the best D.thinnest, best9. Can a dog run _a horse? A. so fast as B. as fast as C. as faster as D.so faster than10. Li Hua studies English very _and her English is _in her classAcareful ,good Bcarefully, wellCcareful, best D.carefully, the best答案及解析1B. 本题考查句型：表示“越,就越”时，用“the +比较级，the+比较级”。few 的比较级是fewer，故选B。2. C句意为“现在是夏天了，天气正在变得越来越热”。 表示“越来越.”时，用“比较级+and+比较级”句型。越来越热表述为hotter and hotter.所以选C答案。3. C 由后置定语of all ,可知范围为所有人，故应用最高级，所以选C.4. D. 根据句意“西安是中国最古老的城市之一”，所以用最高级。One of 后面应该跟名词复数形式，所以选D答案。 5. A 根据but转折后面句意为“但是却花更多的时间在游泳上”，所以前面应该是他认为通过游泳减肥没有用。6. D. 根据句子意思，“年轻的孩子们长得特别快，我的两个儿子都长得比我高”所以选最后一个答案。7. C. 根据范围of all the students 可定为用最高级，分析句子成分需要的是副词来修饰动词did.8. B 根据句子意思是把吃早点和不吃早点的进行比较，所以用比较级形式。9.B 本题考查句型“as+原级+as”，所以用原级fast.10.D 根据句意“李华学习英语非常认真，他的英语在班上是最好的。课程小结本节课学习的是形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化规则及用法。主要围绕比较级和最高级的构成和用法来讲解。比较级和最高级是中考语法部分的热门考点，同学需要重点掌握。另外，近年中考对语法点的考查往往是与语境相结合，因此，同学在做题时要结合语境来分析题目，灵活地运用语法知识。课后作业【基础】1. In our city ,it is hot in july, but its even _in August.A. hot B. hottest C. hoter D. hotter 2.-Wait until we get a satisfactory reply, will you? -I couldnt agree _.The idea is great to me. A. much B. more C. worse D. at all 3.The_you study, the _youll be in it. A. hard; interested B. harder; interesting C. harder; more interested D. hardest; more interested 4.The patient isnt out of danger. He is _ than he was yesterday. A.no better B. worst C. not worse D. not more 【巩固】5.Liu Fang studies much better than _ student in his class. A. any B. any other C. the other D. other 6. I dont think Chinese is _ English.A. as important as B less important C not so important 7.In recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the farther we go, _(2001上海) A.our holiday will be better B. our holiday will be better C. the better our holiday will be D. the better will our holiday be 8. -Are you satisfi