七上绝对值竞赛专题.doc

七年级数学培优专题讲解绝对值培优一、 绝对值的意义：(1)几何意义：一般地，数轴上表示数a的点到原点的距离叫做数a的绝对值，记作|a|。(2)代数意义：正数的绝对值是它的本身；负数的绝对值是它的相反数；零的绝对值是零。 说明：（）|a|0即|a|是一个非负数；（）|a|概念中蕴含分类讨论思想。也可以写成： 二、 典型例题例1已知a、b、c在数轴上位置如图：则代数式 | a | + | a+b | + | c-a | - | b-c | 的值等于（ ） A-3a B 2ca C2a2b D b例2已知：，且， 那么的值（ ）A是正数B是负数C是零D不能确定符号例3已知甲数的绝对值是乙数绝对值的3倍，且在数轴上表示这两数的点位于原点的两侧，两点之间的距离为8，求这两个数；若数轴上表示这两数的点位于原点同侧呢？例4方程 的解的个数是（ ）A1个 B2个 C3个 D无穷多个例5已知|ab2|与|a1|互为相互数，试求下式的值：例6（距离问题）观察下列每对数在数轴上的对应点间的距离 4与，3与5，与，与3. 并回答下列各题：（1）你能发现所得距离与这两个数的差的绝对值有什么关系吗？答：_ .（2）若数轴上的点A表示的数为x，点B表示的数为1，则A与B两点间的距离可以表示为 _.（3）结合数轴求得的最小值为 ，取得最小值时x的取值范围为 _.（4） 满足的的取值范围为 _ .（5）若的值为常数，试求的取值范围例9.若的值恒为常数，则应满足怎样的条件？此常数的值为多少？ 代数式的化简求值问题培优1、 知识链接1“代数式”是用运算符号把数字或表示数字的字母连结而成的式子。它包括整式、分式、二次根式等内容.2用具体的数值代替代数式中的字母所得的数值，叫做这个代数式的值。注：一般来说，代数式的值随着字母的取值的变化而变化3求代数式的值可以让我们从中体会简单的数学建模的好处，为以后学习方程、函数等知识打下基础。 二、典型例题例1若多项式的值与x无关，求的值.例2x=-2时，代数式的值为8，求当x=2时，代数式的值。例3当代数式的值为7时,求代数式的值.例4 已知，求的值.例5（实际应用）A和B两家公司都准备向社会招聘人才，两家公司招聘条件基本相同，只有工资待遇有如下差异：A公司，年薪一万元，每年加工龄工资200元；B公司，半年薪五千元，每半年加工龄工资50元。从收入的角度考虑，选择哪家公司有利？例6三个数a、b、c的积为负数，和为正数，且，则 的值是_ 172839410511612例7如图，平面内有公共端点的六条射线OA，OB，OC，OD，OE，OF，从射线OA开始按逆时针方向依次在射线上写出数字1，2，3，4，5，6，7，（1）“17”在射线 _上，“2008”在射线_上（2）若n为正整数，则射线OA上数字的排列规律可以用含n的代数式表示为_例8 将正奇数按下表排成5列: 第一列 第二列 第三列 第四列 第五列第一行 1 3 5 7第二行 15 13 11 9第三行 17 19 21 23第四行 31 29 27 25 根据上面规律，2007应在A125行,3列 B. 125行,2列 C. 251行,2列 D. 251行,5列例9定义一种对正整数n的“F”运算：当n为奇数时，结果为3n5；当n为偶数时，结果为（其中k是使为奇数的正整数），并且运算重复进行例如，取n26，则：26134411第一次F第二次F第三次F若n449，则第449次“F运算”的结果是_练习题1.已知a+b=0,ab,则化简(a+1)+(b+1)得( ). (第15届江苏省竞赛题)A.2a B.2b C.+2 D.-22.已知x=2,y=-4时,代数式ax3+by+5=1997,求当x=-4,y=-时,代数式3ax-24by3+4986的值. 3.已知关于x的二次多项式a(x3-x2+3x)+b(2x2+x)+x3-5,当x=2时的值为-17,求当x=-2时,该多项式的值. (“希望杯”邀请赛培训题) 4.已知 求的值。5.已知关于x的二次多项式，当x=2时的值为-17，求当x=-2时，该多项式的值。6.三个有理数a、b、c，其积是负数，其和是正数，当时，则代数式的值是多少？7.已知，求的值。8已知，则的值是多少 9.把一个正方体的六个面分别标上字母A、B、C、D、E、F并展开如图所示,已知:A=x2-4xy+3y2,C=3x2-2xy-y2,B=(C-A),E=B-2C,若正方体相对的两个面上的多项式的和都相等,求D、F.清水混凝土的配合比设计中，要针对当地水泥、砂石、外掺料及外加剂等原材料影响混凝土质量的多种因素进行分析，确定主要控制因素，并从经济性和使用要求综合考虑，优选出符合生产条件的最优方案组合。obstacles, correcting misunderstandings, advocate good cadre style. 2, adhere to the scientific decision-making and democratic decision-making decision-making law. Correctly handle to ensure that government decrees and based on the actual creative work, giving full play to subjective initiative, put an end to implement the conference meeting, to document the implementation of documents etc. Improve the scientific and democratic decision-making mechanism, improve and implement the decision to solicit the views of experts, the public hearing system. Improve the important decision of risk assessment mechanism and legal review mechanism. 3, to promote team unity. Uphold and improve the system of annual party book talk heart to heart, mind and Party members, Party members to exchange each other not less than 2 times. The implementation of sound team democratic life system, consolidate and enhance the partys mass line educational practice will promote the achievement of the topic of democratic life, criticism and self-criticism normalization, a long-term. Adhere to the party on the basis of the principle of unity, enhance internal communication, strengthen internal supervision, self Sleep maintenance team collective image and authority. (three) to ensure the execution is not strong or disguised to resist government decrees issues. Individual Bureau leadership team members lack of learning political theory system, not from the objective reality, not with the partys interests above all the principles to deal with personal problems. In the specific work safety supervision in the execution is not strong, in the implementation of the decision to deploy the discount, make choices, engage in work, the implementation of the agreement, uncomfortable is not performed, open or disguised to resist, the lack of subject consciousness of the party organization, the lack of resist in society all kinds of bad habits and unwholesome tendencies of courage Gas and courage. Such as the liability insurance of safe production work, individual leaders that have someone arrested, and no funding, not in the global chess perspective to the countryside to carry out daily inspection, found none of my business acceptance of the resumption of production in an armchair, with a pen, indifferent. Corrective measures: (LED Leadership: Luo Mingjun, rectification time: before September 25th, insist for a long time) 1, to strengthen the sense of responsibility, work to solve the lack of decent occupation explain away, conduct problems. To establish the overall concept, eliminate departmentalism. Strict assessment and accountability, to solve the spiritual slack, nianqingpazhong, status quo, To establish and perfect the muddle along and other issues. Bureau staff conduct work regulations, standard