新视野大学英语单词讲解1B.doc

New Wordsgarmentn.C an article of clothing 衣服，服装garment factories 服装厂This garment should be washed carefully. 这件衣服应该小心洗涤。cripplevt.1. cause to lose the use of a limb or limbs 使残疾She was crippled in the car accident. 在一次车祸中她的腿残了。2. damage or weaken seriously 损坏，削弱The ship was crippled in the storm. 船在风暴中受到损坏。n.C one who is partially disabled or unable to use a limb or limbs 伤残人He that lives with cripples learns to limp. 近朱者赤， 近墨者黑。tugv.pull hard with force or much effort 用力拉，拖The child tugged at my hand to make me go with her. 这孩子使劲拉着我的手，让我和她一起走。limpvi.1. walk with an uneven step跛行，一瘸一拐地走 He limped off the football field. 他一瘸一拐地走出足球场。She seemed to be limping very slightly, something he had failed to notice when they walked to school together. 她似乎稍微有些瘸，但在他们一起步行去学校时他没有注意到。2. (of a ship, etc.) move or proceed with difficulty （船只等）艰难行进；（业务等）缓慢进行The project limped along with half its previous funding. 这个项目得到预定资金的一半，进展很缓慢。Four hours late, the train limped into Waterloo station at midnight.火车迟到了4个小时，终于在午夜缓慢地开进滑铁卢车站。optimismn.Uthe belief that whatever happens will be good ,and that all will be well in the end乐观主义The top managers are full of optimism towards the sales volume of computers next year. 高级经理们对明年计算机的销量十分乐观。affirmvt.1. declare positively or firmly; maintain to be true 断言, 坚定地声明，证实正确The witness affirmed the facts. 证人确认那些是事实。As he affirms early on, people only remember the winners. 如他以前所断言的那样，人们只记住胜者。2. support or uphold the validity of 支持或维护的正确性 The upper court affirmed a judgment of the lower court. 上级法院维持下级法院的判决。sacreda.holy; serious,solemn and important in the way religious things are神圣的，不可侵犯的He considered it a sacred duty to fulfill his dead fathers wishes.他认为实现父亲的遗愿是他神圣的义务。nourishvt.1. provide with food or other substances necessary for life and growth; feed 滋养；喂养Milk nourishes a baby. 牛奶滋养着婴儿。Lamb chops were both nourishing and cheap.小羊排既有营养又便宜。2. foster; sustain or enrich (emotions, etc.)培养；保持，怀有nourish a hope怀有希望nourish feelings of hatred怀恨在心assimilatevt.1. understand and be able to use properly理解，掌握 As a qualified lawyer, he has to assimilate the facts, not just remember them. 作为一名称职的律师他应该理解这些事实，而不仅仅是记住它们。2. take (food) into the body and digest it ; (of food) be taken into the body and digested 吸收，消化（食物）；被消化，被吸收We assimilate some kinds of food more easily than others. 有些种类的食物比别的食物更容易吸收。3. (cause to) become part of （使）同化The U.S.A. has assimilated people from many European countries. 美国同化了许多来自欧洲国家的移民。innumerablea.too many to be counted 无数的，数不清的an innumerable throng of people 人山人海Being a father of five children, he seems to have innumerable duties to fulfill. 作为5个孩子的父亲，他似乎有尽不完的义务。tempon.1. C pace步调，节奏the tempo and the feeling of modern life 现代生活的节奏和情感2. C the speed at which music is played （音乐的）节拍a quick tempo 快拍a slow tempo 慢拍pleadvi.1. appeal earnestly; beg 恳求，祈求plead for more time 恳求更多的时间2. put forward a plea of a specific nature in court 答辩，在法庭上提出特定的申辩He was mad and unfit to plead. 他疯了，不适合出庭申辩。nurturevt.1. help grow or develop; cultivate培养，促进成长nurture a students talent 培养学生的才能Nurture your mind. 发展你的心智。2.give care or foods to 养育，培育He is being so carefully nurtured that never yet has he suffered any frustration. 他受到如此精心的养育，至今还从未遭受任何挫折。 n.1. U nourishment 营养物 2.Uthe process of rearing or bringing up (esp. children) 养育，培养The nurture of the two sisters was very different. 两姐妹接受过不同的培养。They feel nurture is of greater importance than nature. 他们感到后天培养比天性更重要。naivea.having or showing no experience 天真的，幼稚的a naive remark 幼稚的话a naive girl 天真的女孩symposiumn.1.C a meeting or conference at which several speakers discuss a topic专题研讨会annual symposium年会2. C a collection of articles on a given topic专题论文集an educational symposium教育专题论文集authentica.1. known to be true or genuine 真实的，真正的Is that an authentic painting from Picasso, or a modern copy? 那幅画是毕加索的真迹还是现代仿制品？2. trustworthy 可靠的，可信的authentic news 可靠的消息an authentic account by an eyewitness 一份目击者的可靠证词proficiencyn.C, U competence; skill 水平，精通Through this speech contest, students demonstrated their proficiency in English. 通过这次演讲比赛，学生们展示了他们良好的英语水平。He achieved little proficiency in literary accomplishments. 他在文学方面成就不多。pathetica.causing a feeling of pity or sorrow 引起怜悯的，令人悲哀的The academic standards in the school were pathetic. 这个学校的学术水平低得可怜。tuckvt.put into a desired or convenient position; fold塞She tucked her scarf into her blouse. 她把围巾塞进罩衫内。n.Ca flat fold of material sewn into a garment （衣服的）褶make a tuck in a dress 在衣服上打一个褶murmurvt.make a soft sound, esp. to speak or say in a quiet voice低声说，以柔和低沉的声音说murmur a prayer 低声祈祷He murmured his approval. 他小声表示赞同。n.C a low, indistinct, continuous sound; an indistinct, whispered, or confidential complaint 低声细语；小声或偷偷的抱怨speak in a murmur 轻轻地说go without a murmur 毫无怨言地走了handicapn.C a disability or disadvantage 残疾；缺陷，不利条件Poor eyesight is a handicap to a student. 视力不好对学生来说是个障碍。emotional handicap 情感障碍v.give or be a disadvantage to (sb.) 妨碍Lack of money handicapped him in his business badly. 缺少资金使他的企业受到严重影响。decreen.C an official command or decision命令，法令；判决 eccentricn.C one that deviates markedly from an established norm, esp. a person of odd or unconventional behavior 古怪的人Taking his umbrella even in sunny days, he is considered an eccentric. 他被认为是个怪人，即使晴天也带把伞。a.(of a person or his/her behavior) peculiar; unusual; rather strange （人及其行为）古怪的，反常的，怪异的The old lady has some eccentric habits. 这个老妇人有些古怪的习惯。indignanta.expressing or feeling great anger 愤慨的，愤愤不平的I was indignant because I felt that I had been punished unfairly. 我非常愤慨，因为我觉得对我的惩罚是不公平的。The indignant passengers beat up the pickpocket. 愤怒的乘客把那个扒手痛打了一顿。cooperativea.1. made, done, or worked on, by people acting together合作进行的Through a cooperative effort, we completed the project a month early. 通过协同努力，我们提前一个月完成了这个项目。2.willing to cooperate; helpful 合作的，协作的a cooperative patient 愿意配合的病人staggerv.1. move unsteadily on ones feet蹒跚，摇摇晃晃地走The wounded man staggered along.受伤的人摇摇晃晃地走去。2. overwhelm with emotion or astonishment使吃惊；压倒at staggering speed以令人吃惊的速度be staggered by the news被这消息吓了一跳3. arrange in alternating or overlapping time periods错开时间，交错安排stagger work shifts错开工作班superintendentn.C a person in charge of some work , building, etc. 监督人，负责人a dorm superintendent 宿舍管理主任dizzya.1. having an unpleasant feeling of loss of balance 头昏目眩的，头昏眼花的I always feel dizzy when planes take off and land. 飞机起飞和降落时我总是感到头晕目眩。2. causing this feeling令人晕眩的The airplane climbed to a dizzy height. 飞机爬到令人眩晕的高度。expendvt.spend or use up (esp. time, energy, etc. ) 花费，用光（时间、精力等）expend tax revenues on government operations 把税收用于政府运行上scramblevi.1. struggle eagerly or in a disorderly way争夺，夺取 In order to listen to the professors lecture clearly, students scramble for the best seats. 为了听清教授的讲座，学生们争抢最好的座位。2. move or climb quickly 攀登，爬行The children scrambled up the hill. 孩子们爬上了那座小山。exilev.expel (a person) from his or her own country; banish 流放，放逐The monarch was exiled because of the coup. 因为发生政变, 国王被流放。n.1. U enforced removal or self-imposed absence from ones country 流放，放逐go into exile 逃亡2. C one who lives away from ones native country, whether because of expulsion or voluntary absence 流亡国外者The artist now lives among other exiles in France. 那位艺术家现在同其他流亡的人一起住在法国。complyvi.(with)act in accordance with a demand, order, rule, etc. 遵照，遵守 All the citizens must comply with the law. 所有公民都要遵守法律。It is important to comply with the rules to achieve fair play. 要使比赛公正，遵守规则十分重要。act oncarry out according to.遵照行动，奉行act on principles 依照原则行事be born ofresult or arise from 来源于wisdom born of experience 经验所得的智慧fill out (a form)complete (a form) by providing required information填（表格）He carefully filled out the job application. 他仔细填写工作申请表。beat downdefeat or subdue 打倒，压制，平息beat down the enemys morale 压倒敌人的士气Language PointsLanguage Point 1As he stood before the mirror, he noticed the jacket was a little uneven at the bottom. (Para.1) Meaning: As he stood before the mirror, he noticed the jacket was longer on one side/not of the same length on both sides. Language Point 2I am a teacher and I am also that crippled man. I have tugged, pulled, limped, held on and bent over, but why havent I made the education system look like a well-fitting suit? (Para.3) Meaning: I am a teacher and I am also that lame man. I have dragged with force, pulled, walked with difficulty, held on and bent over, but why havent I made the education system look like a suit which fits well? cripple: v. 1) cause to lose the use of a limb or limbs The accident crippled her son for life. 这次事故使她的儿子终身残疾。 2) damage or weaken seriously Agriculture is crippled by the miserable conditions on the collective farms. 集体农庄的恶劣条件使农业陷于瘫痪状态。 Until the crippled economy is rebuilt everything will be very brittle. 在瘫痪的经济重建之前，一切都是极其脆弱的。 tug: v. pull hard with force or much effort She kept pleading and whining, tugging at her fathers coat. 她拉着父亲的衣服，不断地哀声请求。 limp: v. 1) walk with an uneven step Few people can detect this very slight disability although I tend to limp a bit if I get tired. 尽管在疲劳时我走路会有点跛，但几乎没人能看出我这点轻微的残疾。 2)move or proceed haltingly or unsteadily In reality it becomes almost impossible to find this amount in the budget, and the projects have to limp along on an underfunded basis. 事实上，在预算中已不可能找到这笔款子，项目只好在资金短缺的情况下缓慢进行。 Language Point 3In the beginning of our careers as teachers, a voice, full of optimism, spoke clearly to us. (Para. 4) Meaning: When we started our careers as teachers, we clearly heard a very positive voice. Note: This time adverbial indicates that the author is telling something in the past, so Paragraphs 4 to 6 are written in the past tense. Language Point 4The voice affirmed that the sacred relationship between child and teacher was the classrooms strength. (Para. 4) Meaning: The voice declared firmly that the serious and sacred relationship between child and teacher made the school strong.affirm: v. 1) declare positively or firmly; maintain to be trueHe continued to affirm that the introduction of divorce would make it more difficult for people to lead “good moral lives”. 他接着断言，离婚的采用会使人们更加难以过上 “讲道德的生活”。 2) support or uphold the validity ofIs it a pure contradiction to affirm both these things at the same time? 同时确认这两件事情不是十足的自相矛盾吗? Language Point 5The voice rang out: Serve the child first. Do what is important. Act on principles. Work hard. Take care. The voice insisted: Make a difference. (Para. 4) Meaning: The voice rang out: Take care of the childs need first. Do what is important. Act according to the values we believe in. Work hard. Take care. The voice insisted: Achieve noticeable or valuable effect through the teaching efforts. Language Point 6As teachers, we wanted so much to believe in ourselves, to make that difference, that we never noticed we were nothing more than factory workers. (Para. 6) Meaning: As teachers, we wanted so much to believe in ourselves, to achieve noticeable or valuable effect through the teaching efforts, and we didnt realize that we were just like factory workers. Language Point 7.we never noticed we were nothing more than factory workers. .was barely more than a 19th-century factory. (Para. 6) nothing more than: only; merely It is of the same meaning with “barely more than”. Language Point 8We did not want to admit that this system, whose business it was to nourish minds and mold dreams, was barely more than a 19th-century factory where our students collected basic skills on an assembly line. (Para.6) Meaning: We did not want to admit that this system, which was meant to develop minds and shape dreams, was no more than a 19th-century factory in which all our students learnt basic skills in the same way. Note: In the relative clause, it serves as formal subject, and the real subject is the infinitive phrase: to nourish minds and mold dreams. To understand the structure clearly, we can put the part this way: It was the business of this system to nourish minds and mold dreams. Language Point 9We did not want to admit that this system, whose business it was to nourish minds and mold dreams. (Para.6) nourish: v. 1) provide with food or other substances necessary for life and growth How can I feed her nourishing food when she will eat nothing? 她什么都不想吃的时候我怎能喂她营养食品呢? 2)feed; foster the development of; promote; sustain or enrich By investing in education, we nourish the talents of children and lay the basis for future success. 通过教育投资，我们培养孩子的才能，为他们未来的成功打好基础。 Language Point 10We tried not to confront who we really wereworkers, not professionals, in a factory called school. (Para.6) Meaning: We tried not to face the fact that we really were workers, not professionals, in a factory called school. Language Point 11We are busy putting out fires, moving from one crisis to the next, swallowing one new program after another, trying to assimilate new strategies in one-day training programs digesting nothing, meeting the demands and expectations of innumerable special interests. (Para.8) Meaning: We are busy stopping fires, moving from one problem to the next, accepting without thinking one new program after another, trying to absorb new plans in one-day training programs understanding nothing, meeting the demands and expectations of countless special interests. assimilate: v. 1) understand and be able to use properly We biologists have assimilated the idea of genetic evolution so deeply that we tend to forget that it is only one of many possible kinds of evolution. 我们这些生物学家过于深刻地吸收了基因演化的观点，以至于忘记了它只是多种演化可能的一种。 2) take (food) into the body and digest it; (of food) be taken into the body and digested I have a stomachache and cannot assimilate any food. 我胃疼，什么食物都不能消化。 The food prepared for astronauts assimilates easily. 为宇航员准备的食物很容易消化。 3) (cause to) become part of The family assimilated quickly into the new country. 这个家庭很快就融入新的国家。 Language Point 12. meeting the demands and expectations of innumerable special interests. (Para.8) innumerable: a. too many to be counted Note: Do not confuse “innumerable” with “innumerate”, which refers to a person without basic mathematical or arithmetical skill. Language Point 13The tempo of our work does not allow us time to reflect or to dream. (Para.8) Meaning: The pace of our work does not allow us time to reflect or to dream. Language Point 14Dreams are born of reflection, but we are not a reflective profession. (Para.8) Meaning: Dreams are from reflection but as teachers we do not dream as profession. be born of: result from; arise from His cynicism was born of bitter experience. 他愤世嫉俗是因为他有过痛苦的经历。 Note: Here “born” serves as an adjective. Language Point 15We have allowed the tailor to design our suits. (Para.8) Meaning: We have allowed the tailor to decide what our suits should look like. Language Point 16The voice pleads, I need time to nurture myself and the relationships I have with my students and peers, . (Para.10) Meaning: The voice begs, I need time to develop myself and to develop the relationships I have with my students and people of my age. plead：v. 1) appeal earnestly; beg I plead for help, to you who caused my suffering, and you do not even bother to reply. 我向你这个导致我深受苦难的人乞求帮助，而你竟理都不理！ 2) put forward a plea of a specific nature in court The man was said to be mad and unfit to plead. 据说那个人疯了，不适合出庭申辩。 Language Point 17I need time to nurture myself. (Para.10) nurture: v. 1) help grow or develop; cultivate Will television ever again be able to nurture the growth of new sport? 电视还能再次培育新体育项目的成长吗? 2) give care or foods to These plants were nurtured in the greenhouse. 这些植物是在温室里培育的。 Language Point 18The voice suggests, I need intensive training, more than a weekend symposium or after-school meetings, to learn how to implement new policies in my class or to set up authentic demonstrations of proficiency. (Para.11) Meaning: The voice suggests, I need to go for more focused and longer training, not just attend a conference over a weekend or meetings after school, to learn how to carry out new rules in my class or really demonstrate students real / true proficient level. Note: Do not confuse “intensive” with “intense”. “Intensive” is used for objective descriptions and means “effort that is highly concentrated”. “Intense” means “a subjective response to an event”. The President was feeling the intense pressure. Language Point 19. more than a weekend symposium. (Para.11) Note: Do not confuse “symposium” with “seminar” and “workshop”