十、翻译技巧(5)正反译法.doc

长春工程学院教案用纸Chapter Ten Conversion of Affirmation and Negation in translation I. Teaching contents1Review and comments on the assignments2. Conversion of affirmation and negation in translation3. Summary4. Assignments5. References for further readingII. Aims of teachingTo make students know about the techniques of translation and especially to grasp conversion of affirmation and negation in translation III. Teaching FocusStudents ability in dealing with the techniques especially in conversion of affirmation and negation in translation IV. Teaching proceduresStep One: Review and comments on the assignmentsA. Omission: 1. 语法角度上的省略 2. 意义或修辞角度上的省略 B. Negation 1. 全部否定 2.部分否定 3. 双重否定 4. 形式上否定，意义上肯定 5. 表示否定的特殊结构、短语和词汇 6. 英语中反诘问句 7否定转移 8“no”与谓语动词的肯定式句型： 9.“no” 和 “not” 表示否定意义的区别 10. 某些词后的否定转移Step Two: Conversion of affirmation and negation in translation正如前面所讲每一种语言都有自己独特的否定方式。由于英、汉语之间存在着很大差别， 在翻译时可以根据英、汉语各自的特点及其表达习惯等，进行正反互译， 既英语从正面表达， 汉语可以从反面翻译；英语从反面表达， 汉语可以从正面翻译， 从而使译文符合译语的表达习惯、达到强调或修辞的目的或准确地表达出原文的精神风貌。例如：1. Excuse me.对不起。（原文从正面表达，译文从反面表达。）2. “Dont stop working,” he said.（反面表达）他说，“继续干活吧。”（正面表达）3. He went into the insecure building.（反面表达）他走进那所危楼。（正面表达，有强调的作用）他走进那所不安全的大楼。（反面表达，语气不如上文强）4. He knew he was mortally ill.（副词，肯定） 他知道他得的是不治之症。（形容词，译为否定句）5. Without reasoning one is apt to be beyond control.（前置词，肯定）没有理智容易变成不受约束。（动词，定否定）归纳起来，正反互译主要有以下一些情况：A. 原文从正面表达，译文从反面表达1动词 Such a chance was denied me. 我没有得到这样一个机会。2副词 A: The boy is quite clever. B: Exactly. 甲：这孩子很聪明。 乙：一点不错。3形容词 1）It would be most disastrous if even a rumor of it were given. 甚至只要有一点点风声漏出去，结果就不堪设想。 2）The explanation is pretty thin. 这个解释是相当不充实的。 3）His refusal is not final. 他的拒绝不是不可改变的。4前置词 1）This problem is above me. 这问题我不懂。（或：我解决不了）。 2）It was beyond his power to sign such a contract. 他无权签订这种合同。5连接词 1）The guerrillas would fight to death before they surrendered. 游击队员宁愿战斗到死，而决不投降。 2）I will not go unless I hear from him. 如果他不通知我，我就不去。6名词 1）By about six-thirty the sounds of aircraft, trucks and tanks had become quite familiar, but a series of small explosions nearby seemed cause for new anxiety. 大约到六点半，大家对飞机、卡车和坦克的声音已经很习以为常了。但是附近一些轻微的爆炸声似乎又造成了新的不安。7短语 1）The islanders found themselves far from ready to fight the war. 岛民发现自己远远没有做好作战准备。 2）We believe that the younger generation will prove worthy of our trust. 我们相信，年表一代将不会辜负我们的信任。 3）When Philip missed the last bus, he was at a loss to know what to do. 菲利普误了最后一班公共汽车，茫然不知该怎么办。8句子 1）If it worked once, it can work twice. 一次得手，再次不愁。 2）My guess is as good as yours. 我的猜测并不比你的高明。 3）The decision has to come. 决定还没有做出。B英语从反面表达，译文从正面表达1动词 1）I rode around with him one day seeing how the ships unloaded. 一天我和他乘车转了一转，看看船如何卸货。 2）The doubt was still unsolved after his repeated explanations. 虽经他一再解释，疑团仍然存在。2副词 1）He carelessly glanced through the note and got away. 他马马虎虎地看了看那张便条就走了。 2）Many agreed that the Prime Minister had in effect resigned dishonorably. 许多人认为首相辞职实际上是很丢面子的。3形容词 1）He was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious. 他这个人优柔寡断，而且总是反复无常。 2）All the articles are untouchable in the museum. 博物馆内一切展品禁止触摸。4名词 1）He manifested a strong dislike for his fathers business. 他对他的父亲的行业表示强烈的厌恶情绪。 2）I watched with disbelief as a number was put on my right forearm- 82585. 当一个号码82585刺在我右前臂时，我怀疑地看着。5短语 1）Dont lose time in posting this letter. 赶快把这封信寄出去。 2）The examination left no doubt that the patient had died of cancer. 调查的结果清清楚楚说明病人死于癌症。 3）Students, with no exception, are to hand in their papers this afternoon. 今天下午学生统统要交书面作业。6句子 1）Such fights couldnt long escape notice. 这类飞行迟早要会被人发觉的。 2）Ashurst saw at once that Phil was not all right. 艾舍斯特马上看到菲尓出了毛病。Step Three: Put the following into Chinese or vice versa, paying special attention to the hints given before each type of sentencesA. Affirmative in English, but Negative in Chinese1. Time is what we want most, but what, alas, many use worst. (adv.) 时间是我们最缺少的，但可叹之至，偏偏许多人最不善于利用。2. They feel great anxiety about his sickness. ( n. )他们对他的病情感到焦虑不安。3. The criminal is still at large. (phrase)罪犯还未捉拿归案。BNegative in English, but Affirmative in Chinese1. He carelessly glanced through the note and got away. (adv.) 他马马虎虎地看了看那张便条就走了。CSame English Words, with Either Affirmative or Negative Equivalents in Chinese1. Im new to the work. 这工作我是生手。（这工作我不熟悉。）2. He is free with his money. 他花钱大手大脚。（他花钱从不吝啬。）3. He realized that he was in trouble. 他意识到遇到麻烦了。（他感到自己的处境不妙。）4. The station is no distance at all. 车站近在咫尺。（车站一点儿也不远。）5. Its no less than a fraud. 这简直是一场骗局。（这无异于一场骗局。）6. The works of art were left intact, the money gone. 艺术品还在，钱却不翼而飞。（艺术品原封未动，钱却不翼而飞。）D. Double Negative for Emphasis1. There is no rule that has no exception. 任何规则都有例外。2. It never rains but it pours. 不雨则已，雨必倾盆。3. It is impossible but that a man will make some mistakes. 人不会不犯错误。4. I am not reluctant to accept your proposal. 你的建议我愿意接受。5. Its significance and importance can never be overemphasized. 它的意义和重要性，不管怎样强调，也不算过分。ERoundabout Affirmative1. He didnt half like the girl. 他非常喜欢那姑娘。2. I couldnt feel better. 我觉得身体好极了。3. I couldnt agree with you more. 我太赞成你的看法了。4. He cant see you quick enough. 他很想忙和你见面。F. Some Traps in Negative Structures1. The engine didnt stop because the fuel was finished. 引擎并不是因为燃料耗尽而停止运转。 2. I shall never be able to stress too much for your kindness. 不管我怎么感谢你，都不足以报恩于万一。3. You cannot be too careful in proofreading. 校对时，越仔细越好。4. All that glitters in not gold. 发光的不一定都是金子。5. All cities did not look like as they do today. 在过去，城市并不都像今天这样个个千篇一律。6. But you see, we both cannot go. 但是我告诉你，我们俩不能同时都走。7. It is a long lane that has no end. 路必有弯。（凡事总有变化，不会永远不变。）8. It is an ill wind that blows nobody good. 坏事未必对人人都有害处。GNegation According to Usage1. As the saying goes, “Men only weep when deeply hurt.” 俗话说：“男儿有泪不轻弹，皆因未到伤心处”嘛。HNegation for Emphasis or Rhetorical Effect1. These basic concepts must be kept in mind in our discussion. 我们讨论问题时，不能忘记这些基本点。INegation to Convey Exactly the Original Meaning “Just to have a word with Wang. I wont be long! ” “我找老王说句话，马上就回来。”Step Four: AssignmentsPut the following passage into Chinese: The car and the television set and the growing volume of office work may well have produced the most literally sedentary population human society has ever known. But at the same time, diets stuffed with the proteins and calories needed for a lumber man or a professional boxer have become prevalent. Everywhere high meat consumption demands grain-fed animals. Meanwhile, what little grain we do eat through bread usually has little nutritional value and roughage, since these are removed when the flour is refined. Thus, the human bowel is deprived of the fiber it requires to function easily. The eating of fresh vegetables-which also give necessary fiber-has fallen off by a third in the last half century. Processed, defibered products have taken their place. The results are literally apparent. In all developed nations, obesity and diet-relat