教师论文--高中英语阅读理解微技能训练与培养.doc

高中英语阅读理解微技能训练与培养 一、速读能力的训练和培养 1养成良好的阅读习惯 习惯是人们在长期实践中逐步形成的行为倾向，良好的习惯一旦形成就可以终身受益。速读活动中良好习惯就是除了眼球移动和手指翻书以外几乎没有任何其他身体部位的动作，也没有其他任何声音。学生在阅读实践中普遍存在以下不良习惯： 声音化默读时往往伴随着言语运动器官的潜在发音动作，如喉读、唇读。一个有效的读者能够只看到印刷符号，就直接获得意思，而不经过声音阶段。 逐字阅读用手或笔指着要读的词，一个字一个字地向前移动。 回读不自信或对自己读过的部分不确信，回过头来重新再读。 不计时阅读读的过程中遇到生词就查字典，试图弄清每个字的意思以后再做题。这些不良习惯都影响了速读，必须在入门阶段就加以纠正。 2速读训练之初可采用以下几种方式 列出编好号的五十个短语，教师念出其中一个，学生尽快找到相应的编号。 找同义词。如：rich poor wrong wealthy healthy wise 找出同一组词中不同类的一个。sunshine wind fog water on the morning of Monday on the evening of Monday on the morning of Sunday on the afternoon of Saturday on the evening of Sunday on the afternoon of FridayWhat have you read?On the evening of Sunday.On the morning of Friday.On the afternoon of Monday.one of the best seasons one of the best friends one of the worst enemies one of the best stories one of the worst earthquakes one of the worst accidentsWhat has not been mentioned?One of the worst accidents.One of the best seasons.One of the worst storms. 上述五种训练方法旨在培养学生的掠读能力和查读能力，尽量做到又快又准。 二、阅读技巧培养 1意群阅读 意群就是指有意义的语法结构。根据意群阅读既可以加快阅读速度又可以更好地理解句子。例如： Woods and forests in the southeast/were destroyed. Millions of young trees/have already been planted/to take the place of those/which were blown over. But it will be more than 100 years/before the country begins once again/to look as it did before 2猜测词意 美国学者古德曼认为阅读是一场心理语言的猜谜游戏。在阅读过程中读者对由视觉输入的文字符号根据上下文进行合理的猜测是有效地理解文章的重要手段。因为英文中一个单词可能会有多个意思。只有通过一定的语境才能得出它的确切意思。例如： -Sorry, I didnt quite catch you. Could you say it again? -I said，“Can I offer you a lift?” catch 一词虽然学过，但从上下文中可以看出它不是我们熟悉的“抓”的意思而是“听清楚、领会理解”的意思。 词义猜测可从以下几个方面着手进行： A定义法 有的句子通常会给出关键词的定义或者利用逗号、括号或破折号等标点符号。如： A liquid is one of the three main forms of matter, a substance that is not a solid or a gas. 系动词be的后面给出了liquid 一词的明确定义。 Origami-Japanese paper folding-is family fun. 从破折号后面的解释可以断定origami是日本的一种家庭折纸游戏。 B同义饲或反义词 通过表示相同或相反意义的过渡词来猜测词义。如：She felt perturbed, that is, she was greatly disturbed by her sisters actions, 根据that is后的内容可知划线单词的意思是“干扰”。 Her taste tends toward pastels. In contrast, I prefer sharp colors like bright or deep blue. 根据in contrast后的描述可知划线一词是“浅色调”。 C举例 Select a periodical from among the following: Time, Life, Fortune, Newsweek,U.S. NewsWorld Report. 句中所列举的都属于杂志类，所以periodical就是“杂志期刊”的意思。 D经验和常识 My three-year-old girl likes to fight for her autonomy by saying “I can do it myself” 根据常识我们知道小孩子说“我自己能干”目的在于争取“独立”。E描述 One of the remarkable features of the Nile Valley is the fertility of its soil. This rich earth that supported plant growth made it possible for Egyptians to thrive in the dry region 使得植物生长的肥沃土壤让埃及人得以在干旱地区生存。显然划线一词就是“肥沃”的意思。 F原因和结果 David Neel walked for days when she was seventy years old. She was often exhausted. 年纪大的人自然会经常感到“劳累”。 G构词法 As unprofitable farms are abandoned, their farmland reverts to forest. profit是“利益”的意思，而- able是形容词后缀意为“可以的”，un-是否定前缀意为“没有”。因而划线一词意即“无利可图的”。 3寻找语篇大意 段落的中心思想往往通过段落的主题句来体现。因此，迅速找出主题句从而抓住中心思想，达到感知某个语篇的目的，对提高理解能力大有益处。英文语篇昀主题句通常放在句首，也有放在中间起桥梁作用及放在最后起概括和总结作用的。也有的段落没有主题句需要读者自己归纳总结。如：I dont understand why people go on roller coasters （过山车）.Strapped into a tiny car, they begin by inching their way up a steep hill. At the top, the car stops for a second and they wait, suspended in midair. Suddenly, they plunge and drop down the steep tracks all the way 10 the bottom. They scream, cover their eyes, and hold on tightly. They are terrified. Why do they do it? 本段的主题句在段末，即：Why do people go on roller coasters?A fraction over two minutes is all that it takes to run the Kentucky Derby at Churclull Downs in Louisville. But the Derby packs more excitement into these two minutes than any other sporting event in the country. The Derby Day Run for the Roses dates back t0 1875 when a little red horse named Aristides came in first. There were 12,000 spectators on hand then. More than 100,000 attend now, and millions more watch or listen on TV and radio. The build-up of excitement increases year by year. 本段主题句即文章第二句话：The Derby packs more excitement into these two minutes than any other sporting event in the country. On February 14, we celebrate Valentines Day. On this day, men, women, and even boys and girls present each other with cards or notes saying, Be My Valentine. Through the cards they show affection for someone they care about. There are cards for mother, father, best friends, and even teachers. Believe it or not,t here are even cards for pets.Eveyone looks forward to receiving a card on Valentines Day 本段没有主题句，我们根据内容可以概括为：We celebrate Valentines Day with cards to each other. Most holidays in the United States are secular rather than religious. We celebrate important people, movements and events in our history. For example, we celebrate the birthdays of such figures as George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, and Martin Luther King, Jr. On the Fourth of July, we celebrate the signing of the Declaration of Independence and we celebrate the end of the First and Second World Wars on Memorial Day. The struggle of workers to organize is celebrated on Labor Day. Americans take a special pride in all the holidays that they celebrate. 本段的主题句是第一句。 文章是由各个不同的段落组成的，因此在概括文章大意时通常只须读首段、末段及各段的第一句话，而不必浪费时间去细读。 4正确地推理判断 推理题是考查学生通过表面文字信息进行分析、综合、归纳及逻辑推理的能力。学生不仅要弄懂文章的字面意思，更重要的是要知道文章的潜在含义，切不可脱离整篇文章的主旨和作者的意图作无根据的推测。如： What kind of man was Rays boss? A. Impatient and quick to get angry. B. Kind and always ready to help his staff. C. Shy and afraid to talk about problems. D. Cruel and hard to deal with. 要回答这个问题就必须仔细分析作者对老板的语言和行为的描述。学生可以从这两句中得出结论。“Maybe Ijust move him right out of the door,”the boss replied “What is this?”he shouted, waving one of the new boxes“You call this artwork. Look at these ridiculous colors. This is the ugliest box Ive ever seen. Who did this, anyway?” 答案为A。 Which of the following words is NOT properly used to describe Coketown?A. Unpleasant. B. Dirty. C. Noisy. D. Deseted. From the passage we know that Coketown was mainly a(n)_town A. industrial B. agricultural C. historical D. cultural Which is the authors opinion of Coketown? A.Coketown should be replaced by woods. B.The