研究生英语综合教程-翻译转义汇总(unit1-4-7-9-10).docx

Unit 11.“Every company has a handful of staff in a given area of expertise n. 专门知识，专门技能 that you can count on to get the job done.(para 1)“每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工，在某个专业领域，你可以指望他们把活儿干好。2.We hold them up to the standards we see in our top people.(para 2)“我们把他们和公司顶级员工表现出的特质进行对照。3.Your job as a future employee is to help the hiring manager mitigate v. 缓和，减轻 that risk.(para 3)作为未来的一名员工，你的工作是帮助人事部经理降低这种风险，4. “The business environment is less lone-wolf and competitive. (para 4)“企业的环境并不需要单打独斗，争强好胜，so signs of being collaborative adj. 协作的，合作的 and selfless stand out 突出，显眼 .所以表现出合作和无私精神的员工就脱颖而出了。5.Many postdocs and grad students have a tough time showing that they can make this transition n. 过渡，转变 (para 5)许多博士后和研究生在进行这种过渡的过程中表现得相当费力。because so much of their life has involved playing the independent-researcher role and outshining v. 优先，使黯然失色 other young stars.因为生命中有那么长一段时间他们都在扮演一个独立研究者的角色，并且要表现得比其他年轻的优秀人才更出色。6.Better still, develop a reputation inside your lab and with people your lab collaborates with as a person who fosters v. 培养，促进，助长 and initiates collaborations (para 5)更为有利的是，要在你实验室内部，以及在和你们实验室合作的人们之间，培养一个良好声誉：一个鼓励并发动合作的人 and make sure this quality gets mentioned by those who will take those reference phone calls.还要保证让那些会接听调查电话的人们谈及你的这个品质。7.He is a former scientist who transitioned to industry many years ago and then on to a senior management position.(para 6)他之前是一名科学家。许多年前他转向了企业，并一直做到高级管理的职位。8.“One way that companies win is by getting there faster,“公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达目的地。which means that you not only have to mobilize v. 争取支持，动用资源 all of the functions that support a business to move quickly,这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，but you have to know how to decide where there is!(para 8)而且还得知道如何决定目的地是哪里。9.“A candidate needs to have demonstrated the ability to make decisions with imperfect or incomplete information.“一名求职者需要表现出仅凭不准确、不完整的信息就做出决策的能力。He or she must be able to embrace ambiguity n. 不明确 and stick his or her neck out 说冒险的话 to drive to a conclusion,”(para 8)他或她必须能接纳不确定因素并冒着风险做出结论，”10.Putting your neck on the line 冒险 like this is a skill set that all employers look for in their best people.”(para 9)像这样敢冒风险是一套技能组合，是所有雇主在他们最好的员工身上所寻找的东西。”11.Everyone knows how to talk about successes or they should if theyre in a job search大家都知道如何谈论成功或者当他们在寻找工作的时候应该知道。 but far fewer people are comfortable talking about failures, 但很少有人乐意谈论失败，and fewer still know how to bring lessons and advantages back from the brink n. 始发点，边缘 .(para 10)更少有人知道如何从失败的边缘吸取教训和获得经验。12.but working for a business requires something else entirely people skills.“但为企业工作需要完全不同的东西人际交往的能力。The scientist who is transitioning into the business world must prioritize v. 使优先 his or her relationship assets above their technical assets.(para 11)想转行到企业界的科学家们必须优先考虑他们的社会关系资源而不是技术资源。13.To suddenly be valued and measured by your mastery of human relationships can be a very scary proposition for a person who has been valued and measured only by his mastery of things,” says Rick.对一个以前一直根据专业知识水平被评价的人来说，突然之间要根据他的人际交往能力来评价他，真是十分令人恐惧。”Unit 41.Babies and children deprived of 剥夺 love have been known to develop a wide variety of problems众所周知，缺乏爱的婴幼儿会产生各种各样的问题， for example, depression, headaches, physiological adj. 生理学的，生理的 impairments n. 损伤，损害 , and neurotic adj. 神经过敏的；神经病的 and psychosomatic adj. 身心的；身心失调的；身心治疗的 difficulties如抑郁症、头痛、生理残疾、神经质或身心疾病， that sometimes last a lifetime.这些病有时会伴随他们一生。As we know , if babies and children were short of love, it would make kinds of problems, such as depression, headaches, physiological impairments, and neurotic, psychosomatic difficulties and so on, and these problems may influence the babies and children for a whole life.2.Children who are raised in impersonal environments（orphanage, some foster homes, or unloving families）在人情冷漠的环境中(如孤儿院，某些寄养家庭，或缺乏关爱的家庭)长大的孩子show emotional and social underdevelopment,会出现情感和社会性发育不良，language and motor skills retardation n. 阻碍，减缓 ,语言和运动技能迟缓，and mental health problems.以及精神健康问题。There is a phenomenon, if children grew up in environments of too little human touch, such as orphanages, some foster homes, or unloving families, they would be lack in emotion and communication, respond sluggishly in language and motor skills, and have psychological problems.3.It is for these reasons正是因为这些原因，that peoples early intimate relationships within their family of origin are so critical.人们与家庭成员的早期亲密关系才如此至关重要。The reason why peoples intimate relationships in their family of origin is so important are those factors.4.Among other things, people who like themselves are more open to criticism and less demanding of others.从别的方面来说，自我喜欢的人更乐于接受批评，对别人的要求也不那么苛刻。From other sides,the people who like themselves are open to criticism and dont ask someone else.5. Love has been a source of inspiration, wry adj. 苦笑的 witticisms n. 妙语，俏皮话 , and even political action for many centuries.几百年来爱都是灵感、俏皮的揶揄、甚至是政治活动的来源。For hundreds of years, love has been the source of inspiration, wry witticisms and even the political activities. 6.Many researchers feel that love defies a single definition许多研究者觉得爱没有一个唯一的定义，because it varies in degree and intensity and across social contexts.它有程度和强度之分，并且跨越了社会背景。Many researchers dont think that love have the only way to explain,because it varies in different degree and emotional situation,and it has different meaning when you in different social environment.7.Love, especially long-term love,爱，特别是长久的爱，has nothing in common with images of love or frenzied adj. 狂乱的，疯狂的 sex that we get from Hollywood, television, and romance novels.和我们从好莱坞、电视、或爱情小说中获得的对爱和狂热的性爱的印象完全不同。When in long-term live, love is not as the same as what the images of love or frenzied sex that we get from Hollywood, television, and romance novels.8.Some partners take turns stirring the oatmeal.有些伴侣们轮流来“搅燕麦粥”，Other people seek relationships that offer candlelit gourmet meals in a romantic setting.其他人则寻求一种能带来浪漫的烛光美餐的恋爱关系。Some partners stirring the oatmeal while others seek relationships that set romantic candlelit gourmet meals9.Many people believe that “theres one person out there that one is meant for” 许多人相信“世上有一个人是你为之而生的”，and that destiny will bring them together.而且命运会将你俩带到一起。lots of people have faith in that destiny will make one appear in your life and let them know each other.10.Empirical studies show that cultural norms and values, not fate, bring people together.实证研究发现，是文化标准和价值观而非命运，将人们联系在一起。We will never meet millions of potential lovers我们错过了成千上万的可能的爱人，because they are “filtered out 过滤，滤除 ” by formal or informal rules on partner eligibility因为他们早就被正式的或非正式的挑选理想爱人的准则筛选出局，due to factors such as age, race, distance, social class, religion, sexual orientation, health, or physical appearance.这些准则包括年龄、种族、地域、社会阶层、宗教、性倾向、健康状况或外表。Experiments show that people will be together because of same culture and values not destiny. Some factors such as age, race, distance, social class, religion, sexual orientation, health, or physical appearance will help us pick out millions of lovers who we will never meet.11.In early adolescence, peer norms influence the adolescents decisions about acceptable romantic involvements在青少年早期，同伴们的标准也会影响青少年决定哪些情感关系是可以接受的In early adolescence, peer norms have an effect on the adolescents decisions about acceptable romantic involvements.12.Once desire diminishes,一旦欲望消失了，disappointed lovers may wonder where the “spark” in their relationship has gone失望的恋人就会诧异原来他们关系中的“火花”去哪儿了，and may reminisce v. 追忆往事 regretfully（and longingly） about “the good old days”.他们可能会很遗憾地(而且渴望地)怀念“过去的美好时光”。If desire diminishes, disappointed lovers will suspect and want to know where the “passion” in their love goes, and recall the mind of the happy time .Unit 71.it is that indestructible adj. 坚不可摧的 matrix upon which the character is built, and whose shape it must take and keep throughout life. 它必须以这种基质的形式存在，并将它保留终生2.The pursuit of happiness still engrosses v. 使全神贯注于，使非常感兴趣 mankind the world over.时至今日，对幸福的追求仍然是全世界人类全身心投入的事业。3.Each man sees himself as unique,每个人都把自己看成是独特个体and so far as he is concerned the hub of the universe, different from any other individual. 而且，就他而言，他就是宇宙的中心，有别于其他任何人。Every person thinks himself is unique and regards himself or herself as the center of the world ,differ from others.4.No two people will ever draw the same conclusions from the same experiences,两个人从相同的经历中也不会得出相同的结论but each must interpret events and fit them into the mosaic n. 镶嵌画般的东西 of his own lifes pattern. 但是两个人会各自分析这些事件并将它们融合到自己丰富的生活模式中去。Everyone will draw different conclusions from the same experiences,but each will explain events in his or her own way.5. Human nature is ever true to itself, not to systems of faith or education.人性总是忠于它本身，而不受信仰或教育体制左右Human nature is always loyal to itself, and it cant be effected by systems of faith or education.5.Each holds to 遵循，坚持 the structure of the mold into which the soul was cast at the time of its individualization.翻译1：一个人的个性和他独特的天性在出生时就已经形成了，而且不会改变。翻译2：每个人的人性都是一个有框架的模子，灵魂浇筑其中造就了每个人的个性。6.The qualities born in one remain as potentials whether they have a chance to develop or not.一个人与生俱来的品质，无论是否有机会发展，都保持为潜力。Under pressure, or change of interest, they can partially or wholly disappear from view for considerable periods of time; 在遭受压力或兴趣变化的情况下，他们会部分或全部地消失相当一段时间but nothing can permanently modify them, nothing can obliterate v. 忘却，抹去 them.但是没有什么能永久地改变他们，也没有什么能把他们抹去。7.People know from experience that an individual who in one year displays knavish adj. 无赖似的 characteristics seldom in the next becomes any different.人们凭经验知道某一年中表现出无赖性格的人不太可能在第二年有任何改观。Nor does a thief becomes a trustworthy employee,小偷也不会变成值得信赖的员工or a miser n. 守财奴，吝啬鬼 a philanthropist n. 慈善家，乐善好施者 . 吝啬鬼也不可能变成慈善家。Nor does a man change and become a liar, coward or traitor n. 叛徒，背叛者 at fifty or sixty; 而且，一个人不会在五六十岁的时候变成谎话精、懦夫或叛徒if he is one then, he has been one ever since his character was formed.如果那时候他是，那么早在他性格形成的时候他就已经是了。8.The spirit is perfect, but when it inhabits human structures, it participates in the imperfections of the latter; 精神是完美的，但它栖居到人类肉体结构中后，便参与其中，表现出后者的不完美。and during its association with matter takes on the mortal weaknesses, desires and limitations. 在它与物质的联系过程中呈现出凡人的弱点、欲望和局限。9.Only the outer man-the personality and the physical body-becomes imperfect, due to ignorance wrong thinking and violation of laws of being. 只有外在的人个性和躯体，由于无知、思想错误和违反自然规律而变得不完美。10.The outer man, too, was originally perfect,外在的人，原本也是完美的but man has so desecrated v. 亵渎 and abused it that today it is a far cry from 与大不相同 the original model.但是由于人类如此的亵渎和滥用，今天，它已经与原型相去甚远。11.Mans majesty and nobility are taken for granted, 人们想当然地认为人类是伟大和高尚的although his faults and weaknesses are constantly paraded before our eyes.尽管他的过错和弱点不断地暴露在我们面前。 People think themselves great and noble even though countless faults and weaknesses are obvious to us.12.Only when behavior deviates v. 背离，偏离 from the normal does it attract attention. 只有当人类行为偏离常规时才会引起人们的注意。 13.Mans inherent goodness, moreover, is revealed by his countless acts of heroism, unselfishness and sacrifice.人类固有的优点还体现在不计其数的英雄主义行为、充满无私和牺牲精神的举动上The instinctive advantages of human nature are also showed on a lot of behavior of heroism, unselfishness and sacrifice.Unit 91.Seventy years after President Franklin D. Roosevelt declared that the Depression had left one-third of the American people ill-housed, ill-clothed and ill-nourished,70年前，富兰克林罗斯福总统曾经说经济大萧条造成13的美国人住房简陋、衣衫褴褛、营养不良Americans are well-clothed and increasingly over nourished. 然而今天，美国人却是穿着考究、营养日益过剩。2.But the scarcity of affordable housing is a deepening national crisis, 但是，廉价房稀缺是一场日益加深的民族危机and not just for inner-city families on welfare. 而不仅仅是依靠福利为生的城市家庭的危机。The scarcity of affordable housing is not only a crisis for inner-city families on welfare but also a deepening crisis for the whole nation3.The problem has climbed the income ladder and moved to the suburbs, 这个问题已经波及中产阶级，并向郊区蔓延where service workers cram v. 把塞入 their families into overcrowded apartments, college graduates have to crash v.借宿 with their parents, and firefighters, police officers and teachers cant afford to live in the communities they serve.在那里服务工作者及其家属挤在过于狭小的公寓里，大学毕业生不得不借宿在父母家，而消防队员、警察和教师在他们所服务的社区也买不起房。This problem has involved to the middle class, and spread to the suburbs, where the service staff and their families were in a crowded apartment, university graduates have to spend the night in their parents home.4.Home ownership is near an all-time high, but the gap is growing between the Owns and the Own-Nots 房拥有率接近历史最高位，但有房户和无房户之间的差距越来越大as well as the Owns and the Own-80-Miles-From-Work.同时有房户和房子离工作单位有80英里远的有房户之间的差距也越来越大。 5.The real estate boom of the past decade has produced windfalls n. 意外之财 for Americans who owned before it began, 在过去10年里，房地产迅猛发展，这使得在此之前就已经购置房产的美国人大赚特赚了一把but affordable housing is now a serious problem for more low- and moderate-income Americans than taxes, Social Security or gas prices.但现在廉价房对中、低收入的美国人来说，是一个比税收、社会保险、汽油价格更严重的问题。In the past ten years, the real estate boom has produced a sudden opportunity to make money for Americans who owned the house before it began, but now the house which is affordable is a more serious problem for low and moderate-income Americans than taxes, Social Security or gas prices.6.The program has eliminated v. 消除，根除 most of the high-rise hellholes n. 环境恶劣的地方 that gave public housing a bad name and has revived some urban neighborhoods.该计划已经拆除了大部分高度危险的房子，它们曾使公共住房声名狼藉，并已重建了一些城市的社区。But it has razed v. 把夷为平地 more subsidized apartments than it has replaced.但是它更多的是把享有补贴的公寓房夷为平地而不是取而代之。7.Overall, the number of households receiving federal aid has flatlined v. 降到很低的水平 since the early 1990s, 总的来说，自90年代初以来，接受联邦援助的家庭数已经降到最低despite an expanding population and a ballooning budget. 尽管人口不断增加、预算不断膨胀。Generally speaking, although the population is expanding and the budget is increasing, the number of daily receiving federal aid has reduced to a lower level since the early 1990s.8.Today, for every one of the 4.5 million low-income families that receive federal housing assistance, 今天，有450万低收入家庭享受联邦住房救助there are three eligible adj. 合格的，有资格的 families without it. 还有3倍于此的家庭符合被救助资格，却拿不到救助。9.It sounds odd, but the victims of todays housing crisis are not people living in the projects, but people who arent even that lucky.这听起来奇怪，但如今住房危机的受害者不是那些已经享受“救助计划”的人，而是那些没那么幸运去享受这个计划的人。10.And unlike welfare, housing aid is not a federal entitlement, 和福利不同的是，住房救济金不是联邦所赋予的权利so taking it away from one family after a few years would provide a break for an equally deserving family.因此几年后对一个家庭停止供给意味着给另一个同样需要救济的家庭一个喘息的机会。Housing aid is different from welfare, it is not a federal right which is granted by law, so taking it away from one family after a few years would lead to a break for an equally worthy of family.11.You cant sustain the internal contradiction of no limits.“你不能让内在矛盾无限地延续。”12.Others reduce their rents by overcrowding, which studies link to higher crime rates, poorer academic performance and poorer health; 其他人为了减少租金，居住条件极为拥挤，研究表明，拥挤的居住条件与高犯罪率、学习成绩差、以及健康状况不佳紧密相关；In order to reduce the rent, Some people choose extremely crowded conditions to live. Some researches show that the crowded living conditions are closely related to high crime rates, poorer academic performance and poorer health.13.A bill pending adj. 未定的，待决的 in Congress would divert v. 改变 a percentage of profits from federally chartered institutions such as Fannie Mae to a national affordable-housing trust fund, but it seems stalled v. 停滞不前 . 一项等待国会投票的法案可能会把一些联邦特许机构如房利美的利润按照一定的百分比转移到国家廉价房信托基金名下，但这项法案似乎停滞不前。14.in 2000, two-thirds of the home sales in Fairfax were for $250,000 or less, 在2000年，费尔法克斯23的房屋销售价格不高于$250,000but last year, fewer than one-twentieth were. 但去年只有不到120的房屋以此价格出售。And even a modest price slump v. 暴跌 could trigger a construction slowdown that would make shortages of affordable housing for moderate-income families even worse.即便价格小幅下滑都可能引发建设减速，从而使中等收入家庭缺乏廉价房的局面变得更糟糕。15.Home ownership is often described as the American dream, 居者有其屋通常被称为是美国梦but these days many workers would settle for a decent rental that wont bankrupt their families.但如今许多劳动者为了使他们的家人不至于破产，宁愿租一所体面的房子居住。Home ownership is usually called the American dream, but now in order to protect their families from harm of bankruptcy, many workers prefer to rent a decent house to live in.Unit 101.Today the academy holds a highly privileged place in American society because of a about the long-standing adj. 长期存在的 national consensus n. 意见一致 about the value of education. 今天，由于长期以来美国人对教育价值的共识，大学在美国社会中占有得天独厚的地位。2. ”No country spends money for education, public or private, so lavishly adv. 过分慷慨的 as does the United States. “没有哪个国家像美国这样，不论对公立教育还是私立教育的投入都是如此地慷慨大方。Americans have an almost childlike faith in what formal education can do for them. 美国人民对正规教育所能起到的作用抱有一种近乎天真的信念。”3.That faith is based on a conviction that the vitality n.活力 of the United States, its creative and diverse cultural life, its staggeringly adv. 令人吃惊的 inventive economy, its national security and the robustness n. 健全，稳固 of its democratic institutions owe much to the quality of institutions of higher education.这一信念是在这样一个深信不疑的基础上确立的，即美国的活力、它富有创造性和多样化的文化生活、它具有惊人独创力的经济、它的国家安全以及它健全的民主制度极大地依赖于其高等教育机构的质量。4.Our societys confidence in its institutions of higher education is expressed through the generous investments of the federal and state government in basic and appli