名词性从句复习.ppt

NounClause 名词性从句 TheboyisliMing Mr Liang a24 year oldboy teachesusEnglish 主语 主语 表语 同位语 宾语 1 名词 表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词 2 名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分 名词在句中主要作主语 宾语 表语和同位语 在英语的句子结构中 本来该由名词充当的主语 宾语 表语和同位语 由一个句子来充当 这个句子就叫名词性从句 名词性从句 主语从句 TheSubjectClause 宾语从句 TheObjectClause 表语从句 ThePredicativeClause 同位语从句 TheAppositiveClause 从句一律保持陈述语序 引导名词性从句的词 1 连接词有 thatwhether和lf2 连接代词有 whowhomwhosewhichwhat等3 连接副词有 whenwherewhyhow等另外whateverwhoeverwhichever等也可以引导主语和宾语两种从句 名词性从句中的 that 没有词义 也不作任何成分 主语从句 TheSubjectClause 在复合句中起主语的作用 他星期三来这里是肯定的 iscertain HewillcomehereonWednesday That 注意 从句作主语时 就算是句子意思完整 都要加上从属连词that 不做成分也无意义 他星期三是否来这里还不肯定的 isnotcertain WhetherhewillcomehereonWednesday 注意 主语从句表示 是否 只用 whether 而不用 if 不做成分但有意义 是否 h 主语从句做主语时 谓语动词通常用单数 但what引导的从句做主语时 如果表示复数意义 谓语动词用复数 1 Whathesaid muchforustothinkabout A leaveB leaves 2 ThatIshallworkwithyou agreatpleasure A areB is 3 Whatheleftme someoldbooks A areB is 主语从句有时用 it 作形式主语 把真正的主语放在后面 以避免头重脚轻 Thathewillcomehereisknowntous Itisknowntousthathewillcomehere 用it做形式主语的that从句有以下四种不同的搭配 It be 形容词 that从句 Itisnecessarythat 有必要 Itisimportantthat 重要的是 Itisobviousthat 很明显 It be ed分词 that从句 Itisbelievedthat 人们相信 Itisknowntous allthat 众所周知 Ithasbeendecidedthat 已经决定 It be 名词 that从句 Itiscommonknowledgethat 是常识Itisasurprisethat 令人惊奇的是 Itisafactthat 事实是 It 不及物动词 that从句 Itappears seemsthat 似乎 Ithappensthat 碰巧 Itoccurredtomethat 我突然想起 hemadeanimportantspeechatthemeetingwastrue AThatBWhyCWhatDHow 2 we llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather AIfBWhetherCThatDWhere 3 isknowntousallisthatAmericaisadevelopedcountry theFirstWorld AWhich belongtoBAs belongedtoCWhat belongingtoDIt belongingto 4 It sknowntousall aformofenergy A waterisB thatwaterisC iswaterD thatwaterto5 Itworriedherabit herhairwasturninggray A whetherB ThatC whatD when6 WhatIsayandthink noneofyourbusiness A isB areC hasDhave 宾语从句 TheObjectClause 在复合句中起宾语的作用 用在及物动词 介词之后 Idon tknow 我不知道你会来这里 注意 that在从句中不充当任何成分也无意义 在口语或非正式的文体中常常被省去 youwillcomehere that Myunclesaid that Peterwouldcomeandthathewouldalsobringhisson 有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时 引导第二和以后几个从句的that不可以省略 注意 在宾语从句中 表示 是否 既可以用whether 也可以用if 从句是否定句时一般用if 但下列情况只能用whether 1 与ornot连用 2 作介词和discuss的宾语 3 后接动词不定式时 4 用if引导会引起歧义 Pleasetellmeifyoulikeit Canyoutellmewhethertogoortostay 1 请告诉我你是否喜欢它 宾语从句 用whether好 2 如果你喜欢它就告诉我 状语从句 我不知道他来不来 我想知道他来还是不来 你们是在谈论他是否要来吗 他不在乎天气是否好 Idon tknowwhether ifhewillcome Iwanttoknowwhetherhewillcomeornot Areyoutalkingaboutwhetherhewillcome Hedoesn tcareifitisn tafineday 宾语从句中的否定转移 注意 如果宾语从句是由think believe imagine suppose expect等词引导且主句主语是第一人称 要将从句中的否定形式转移到主句中去 反意问句由宾语从句决定 Ithinkhewon tcomehere Idon tthinkhewillcomehere 我认为他不会来这里 我认为他不会来这里 是吗 Idon tthinkhewillcomehere willhe Hedoesn tthinkhecangoabroad doeshe 注意 主句主语不是第一人称时上述原则不适用 宾语从句中用it作形式宾语 注意 如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时 一般用it来作形式宾语 把从句放在宾补后面 这种情况that不可以省略 1 Wethinkthatweshouldhelpothersourduty Wethinkitourdutythatweshouldhelpothers 2 Ifindthatheshouldfinishtheworkintwodaysimpossible Ifinditimpossiblethatheshouldfinishtheworkintwodays 1 主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时 宾语从句的谓语动词可以用所需要的任何一种时态 2 当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时 宾语从句的谓语动词要用相应的过去时态 但当宾语从句叙述的内容为客观真理时 仍然用一般现在时 Theteachertoldhisclassthatlight fasterthansound travel travels 注意 1 Theradiosaysit cloudytomorrow be 2 Theheadmasterhopeseverything well go 3 Tomsaysthatthey play basketballatsixo clockyesterdayevening 4 Ihearthey return italready 5 Hesaidthatthey membersofthePartysince1948 be 练习 willbe goes wereplaying havereturned hadbeen 表语从句 ThePredicativeClause 在复合句中起表语的作用 一般结构是 主语 系动词 表语从句 可以接表语从句的系动词有be look remain seem等 另外 常用的还有thereasonwhy isthat 和Itisbecause 等结构 1 我们的目的是他能认识到错误 Ourpurposeis hecanrealizehisfaults that 注意 引导表语从句的连接词一般不省略 2 问题是它是否值得做 Thequestionis whetheritisworthdoing 表语从句表示 是否 只用 whether 而不用 if 1 That s thePartycalledonustodo A whyB whatC howD that2 Thereasonis heisunabletooperatethemachine A becauseB whyC thatD Whether3 Thatis theyseparated A thatB whatC whichD where4 Janeisnolonger shewasfouryearsago A whatB whichC thatD when 练习 同位语从句 TheAppositiveClause 在复合句中起同位语的作用 同位语从句一般放在如idea news fact promise suggestion belief truth等含有丰富内涵的词语后面 用来说明前面那个词的具体内容 他给了她一个承诺 他会在两个月后回来 Hegaveherapromise hewouldcomebackintwomonths that 一般说来 同位语从句都用that来作连接词 而且不能省略 也可用how when where等 1 Theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople 2 WordcamethatNapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspectthem 3 ImetaproblemhowIcouldgetmydestination 4 Ihavenoideawhetherit llraintomorrow 同位语从句中表示 是否 只能用whether 辨析 1 同位语从句与定语从句 1 Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging Thenewsthatyoutoldusisreallyencouraging 从句的作用不同 同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的内容 定语从句用来修饰 限定前面的名词 定语从句 同位语从句 2 Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering Thesuggestionthatisworthconsideringisthatthestudentsshouldlearnsomethingpractical 同位语从句 定语从句 引导从句的关联词that的功能不同 that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词 不充当任何成分且无意义 而引导定语从句的that是关系代词 既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分 同位语从句 that不能省定语从句 that在从句中作宾语时 可以省 3 Ihaveheardthenewsthathevisitedourfactory Ihaveheardthenews that hetoldyoutheotherday 说出下列从句属于哪种从句 A Appositive 同位语 B Attributive 定语 Hisproposalthatwegothereonfootisacceptable Manyteachersholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline 3 Thefirstrequestthathemadewastoaskforfreedom 4 Doyouhaveanyideawherewewillbesent 5 Isthisthecompanywhereyourfatherworks 6 Thisisthereasonthathegaveforhisabsence 7 Hemadeanexcusethathiscarbrokedownontheway B B B 2 名词性从句中that与what的区别 1 hewillcometothediscussioniscertain 2 Ilikebestisabook 3 Ilikethebookbestisknowntoeveryone 4 shelookedaftertheoldpatientawholeyearmovesusall 5 puzzledthepolicespeciallywashowthemurderdied 6 surprisedmemostwas shelookedaftertheoldpatientawholeyear That That That that What What What 在名词性从句中that不充当成分只起连接作用 而what则在从句中作主语 宾语和表语 3 疑问词 ever可引导名词性从句相当anyonewho anythingthat等 在从句中要充当一定的成分 疑问词 ever还可引导让步状语从句 相当于nomatter 疑问词 Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepunished Anybodywhobreaksthelawwillbepunished Parentsshouldn tbuywhatevertheirchildrenwant Parentsshouldn tbuyanythingthattheirchildrenwant Whereveryouare youmustbehaveyourself Nomatterwhereyouare youmustbehaveyourself 4 名词性从句中的虚拟语气 1 宾语从句中的虚拟语气在表示建议 要求 命令等动词后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气 其谓语动词用动词原形或 should 动词原形 常见的这类动词有ask advise argue arrange determine decide command insist intend move prefer propose order recommend request require suggest 建议 urge demand desire direct等 e g Theyurgedthatthelibrary openduringthevacation keep Hedemandedthathe therighttoexpresshisoption give should bekept should begiven 2 主语从句中的虚拟语气 主语从句中的虚拟语气形式为 Itis 引起虚拟的形容词或过去分词 that主语从句 谓语动词用原形或should 动词原形 常用的这类形容词有advisable appropriate crucial desirable essential important natural necessary preferable strange urgent vital等 常用的过去分词有desired demanded ordered requested suggested advised recommended required等 e g Itisdesiredthatwe ourlessonbeforeclass preview should preview Itisessentialthattheprogram loadedintocomputer be should be 3 表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气 在表示建议 命令 主张 要求 愿望等名后面的表语从句和同位语从句中谓语动词要求用虚拟语气 其形式为 should 动词原形 常见的这类词有resolution pray decision motion suggestion preference proposal advice recommendation desire demand requirement order necessity request idea等 e g Themanagergaveordersthatthenewemployees specialnightclass attend Thedean srequirementisthatallgraduatestudentsineducation CET 6 pass should attend should pass Practiceone 1 madetheschoolproudwas morethan90 ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities AWhat becauseBWhat thatCThat whatDThat because2 shecouldn tunderstandwas fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons AWhat whyBThat whatCWhat becauseDWhy that3 Heisabsentfromschool Itis heisseriouslyill A whyB becauseC thatD thereason 4 hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising AWhoBTheoneCAnyoneDWhoever5 Informationhasbeenputforward moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities AthatBhowCwhereDwhat6 isnopossibility Bobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch A There thatB It thatC There whetherD It which 7 IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek Isthat youhadafewdaysoff AwhyBwhenCwhatDwhere8Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday sgame Oh that s AwhatmakesmefeelexcitedBwhateverIfeelexcitedaboutChowIfeelaboutitDwhenIfeelexcited 9 fashiondiffersfromcountrytoco