感叹句-祈使句和There-be.doc

祈使句考点知识点拨 重点： 1.祈使句的肯定式和否定式 2.祈使句Do型，Be型和let型的用法。 难点： 祈使句肯定式到否定式的变换。 考点： 掌握Do型，Be型和let型引导的祈使句。 祈使句定义1. 定义：用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句。 2. 祈使句因对象（即主语）是第二人称，所以通常都省略。祈使句的动词都为动词原形，句末则使用句号来表示结束。例: Go and wash your hands. （去洗你的手。命令） Be quiet, please. （Please be quiet. ） （请安静。请求） Be kind to our sisters. （对姊妹要和善。劝告） Watch your steps. （走路小心。警告） Look out！Danger！ （小心！危险！强烈警告，已如感叹句） Keep off the grass. （勿踏草坪。禁止） No parking. （禁止停车。禁止） 3. 祈使句也常把主语“You”表达出来, 使对方听起来觉得柔和些，例如： You go and tell him, Chris. （克立斯去告诉他。） 祈使句相关口令 祈使句无主语，主语you常省去；动词原形谓语当，句首加dont否定变；朗读应当用降调，句末常标感叹号。 祈使句表现形式 肯定结构: 1. Do型(即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)。如：Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。 有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下，动词可省略。如：This way, please. = Go this way, please. 请这边走。 2. Be型(即：Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分)。如：Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子! 3. Let型(即：Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分)。如：Let me help you. 让我来帮你。 否定结构: 1. Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加dont构成。如：Dont forget me! 不要忘记我! Dont be late for school! 上学不要迟到! 2. Let型的否定式有两种：“Dont + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分”和“Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分”。如：Dont let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。 3. 有些可用no开头，用来表示禁止性的祈使句。如：No smoking! 禁止吸烟!No fishing! 禁止钓鱼! “let”引导的祈使句 由“let”带头的祈使句(Imperative Sentences)是个常见的动词句型，它的主要用法有下列三种: 1. 表示“建议”。 这个句型里的“let”后头紧跟着一个第一人称的代词宾语, 如： Let me try. Lets do it. Let me go and look for it. 这个句型语气委婉，比直接的祈使句客气。试比较下列两个句子。 A. Dont disturb him. B. Lets not disturb him. (A)是直接命令, 语气强烈, 不如(B)温柔悦耳。 2. 表示“间接命令”或“愿望”。 这句型里的动词宾语是第三人称名词或代词，如： Let Robert take charge of the marketing department. Let her join our choir. 3. 表示“警告”、“蔑视”、“威胁”等。 这种祈使句里的宾语也是第三人称为主。除了口气凶悍之外，有时还语带讽刺。如： Let him try and he will expose his inability to work on his own. Let the invaders come and our armed forces will wipe them out in no time. 4. 用“let”的祈使句时，必须注意下列几点： 1）“let” 的否定句有两种。如果宾语是第三人称用“Dont let. . . ”（见例A）；如果宾语是第一人称，则用“Let. . . not” （见例B）：A. Dont let this type of things happen again. B. Its raining now. Lets not go out until after the rain. 2)“Let”只适用于现在时态，可以有被动语态 (the passive voice)，如： Let the recalcitrant criminals be sent to prison. Let all the dedicated capable staff be promoted. 3)“Let”后头除了是不带“to”的不定式动词 (The infinitive withoutto)之外，还可以是某些适当的副词，如out, in, down, alone等: Let the puppy out. Open the windows and let the fresh air in. The room is too sunny. Let the blinds down. Let me alone, please. 4) 用“Lets”时，把谈话者的对象包括在内；用“Let us”时，并不包括对方，如： A. Lets try it, shall we? B. Let us do it by ourselves, will you? 从A里的“shall we”和B里的“will you”，不难知道前者包括听话人，后者并没有。祈使句表示请求、命令、建议等等。谓语动词一律用原形。句子中通常不用主语，句末用惊叹号或者句号，用降调。 含有第二人称主语的祈使句 Be careful！小心！ Dont make such a noise. 不要这么吵。 1. 肯定的祈使句 A. 句型：动词原形. （省略主语） Stand up. 起立。 Be quiet, please. 请安静。 B. 有时，为了加强语气，可以在动词之前加do Do sit down. 务必请坐。 Do study hard. 一定要努力学习。 C. 比较祈使句和陈述句：You eat an apples every day.你每天吃一个苹果。（陈述句）Eat apples. （你）吃苹果（祈使句）（省略主语you） D. 用客气的语气表示祈使句时, 可在句首或句尾加上please, 但如果在句尾加please，那在please之前一定要加一个逗号“,”。 Go this way, please.请这边走。 e. 祈使句中如果有“呼”语，一定要用逗号“,”隔开，放在句首或句尾。 Li Ming, come here. 李明，过来。 Come here, Li Ming. 过来，李明。 2. 否定的祈使句 句型：Dont +动词原形 Dont swim in the river. 别在河里游泳。 Dont be late. 别迟到。 Please dont be noisy. 请不要大声喧哗。 注意：表示禁止时，尤其是标语等也可用“No+名词动名词”来表示。 No smoking! 禁止吸烟！ No parking! 禁止停车！ No entry! 不准入内！ No litter! 不准乱扔杂物！ 真题在线I) 填空。1. Please wait for me. _walk so fast. 2. _quiet, please. 3. _ sit straight. 4. _ go shopping now. 5. _spitting. 6. _ talking; class begins. 7. _ a good time!8. _ talk to your mum like that!II) 写出下列祈使句的反义疑问句。1. Lets go, _? 2. Dont make such noise, _?3. Teacher, let us go out to play, _? 4. Lets go together, _?5. Let each man decide for himself, _? 6. Let us go together, _?7. Come and join us, _?8. Dont fight with others, _?III) 将下列句子变成祈使句。1. Would you like to wait a moment?_ _ a moment. 2. Can I use your bike?Please _ _ your bike. 3. Youd better not smoke here. _ _ here. 4. You must be careful with your handwriting. _ _ with your handwriting. 5. Will you please not play with my pencil? _ _ with my pencil, _. IV） 选择题。1. Please _; theyre having a meeting. A. not be so noisy B. be quite C. mustnt talk D. no speaking2. _ to meet me at the station. Ill be waiting there. A. Not to forget B. Not forget C. Forget not D. Dont forget 3. Its a fine day. Lets go fishing, _?A. wont we B. will you C. dont we D. shall we4. Dont smoke in the meeting-room, _?A. do you B. will you C. would you D. could you5. Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. -I _. A. dont B. wont C. cant D. havent6. _ down the radio. The babys asleep in the next room. A. Turning B. To turn C. Turned D. Turn7. Lucy, _ the door or someone will come in. A. close B. closes C. not close D. is closing8. _ and play football in the street after lunch. A. Lets not to go B. Lets not go C. Lets dont go D. Not lets go9. A sign with the words_ is often found in a bus. A. Not parking B. Not smoking C. No parking D. No smoking10. _ Chinese in you English class. A. Not speak B. Dont speak C. Speak not D. Dont speakingV）翻译下列各句。1. 咱们一起玩吧! _2. 请不要迟到!_3. 回答这个问题!_4. 别那么写!_5. 告诉我你的名字! _6. 一定要勇敢! _7. 来加入我们吧!_8. 别浪费时间!_9. 我们周日去游泳吧!_10. 禁止吸烟!_感叹句考点知识点拨 重点：1. how引导的感叹句的基本结构2. what引导的感叹句的基本结构难点：能够区分由how引导的感叹句和what引导的感叹句。考点：掌握以what和how引导的感叹句的变换形式。 感叹句定义 感叹句一般是用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。英语感叹句常用“what”和“how”引导，“what和“how”与所修饰的词置于句首，其它部分用陈述句语序。 由“What”引导的感叹句由“what”引导的感叹句：“what”意为“多么”用作定语，修饰名词（被强调部分），单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an，复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。这类句子的结构形式是：what+(a/an)+adj. + n. +主语+谓语，如： What a clever girl she is! 多么聪明的姑娘呀！ What an interesting story it is! 多么有趣的故事呀！ What good children they are! 他们是多么好的孩子呀！ What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花呀！ What delicious food it is! 多么美味的食物呀！ What heavy snow it is! 多么大的雪呀！ 由“how”引导的感叹句“how”意为“多么”，用作状语，修饰形容词或副词（被强调部分）。如果修饰形容词，则句中的谓语动词用系动词；如果how修饰副词，则句中的谓语动词用行为动词，这类句子的结构形式是: How+ adj.（adv.）+主语+谓语. 如：How cold it is today! 今天多么冷呀！ How nice the pictures are! 多么漂亮的图画呀！ How happy they look! 他们显得多么高兴呀！ How well she sings! 她唱得多好呀！ How hard they are working now! 他们干得多么起劲呀！ 在表示同一意义时，英语感叹既可用“what”引导，也可用“how”引导。如： What a hot day it is! How hot the day is!/How hot a day it is! 多么热的天气呀！ What tall buildings they are! How tall the buildings are! 多么高的楼房呀！ What bad weather it is! How bad the weather is! 多么糟糕的天气呀！ What bright sunshine it is! How bright the sunshine is! 多么明亮的阳光呀！ 感叹句在表示强烈的感情时，口语中常常采用省略句，其后面的主语和谓语往往略去不讲。如： What a fine day! 多么晴朗的一天呀！ What an honest boy! 多么诚实的孩子呀！ What red apples! 多么红的苹果呀！ How cool! 好凉快呀！ How wonderful! 精彩极了！真题在线I）将下列句子变成感叹句。1. It is quite a nice present. _ _ nice present!2. We have fine weather today. _ _ weather we have today!3. Its sunny today. _ _ sunny day it is today!4. The children are working hard. _ _ the children are working!5. She played basketball wonderfully. _ _ she played basketball!6. He is good at singing. _ _ he sings!7. He was doing well in dancing. _ a _ dancer he was!8. Tom coughs badly. _ _ _ cough Tom has!9. The fish is very lovely. _ _ the fish is!10. They live a happy life today. _ _ _ life they live!11. Wu Peng jumps high!_ high Wu Peng jumps！12. Its an interesting film. _ an interesting film it is！13. The sun is bright. _ bright the sun is! 14. The book is very interesting. _ interesting the book is!15. He writes English well. _ well he writes English！16. Its a tall tree. _ a tall tree it is!17. He is a fat man. _ a fat man he is!II）选择题。1. _ nice watch it is! A. HowB. WhatC. What aD. How a2. _ bright girls they are! A. WhatB. What aC. HowD. how a3. _ interesting the film is!A. WhatB. What anC. HowD. How an4. _ sunny day! Lets go out for a walk. A. How aB. HowC. What aD. What5. _ hard work it is! A. HowB. WhatC. What aD. What an6. _ day it is! Its rainy again. A. How badB. What a badC. How fineD. What a fine7. _ great day July 1th, 1997 will be! A. How aB. What aC. HowD. What8. _ expensive trousers!A. WhatB. What aC. HowD. What an9. _ girl she is! A. What bright aB. How a bright C. How bright a D. What bright10. _ weather we have today! A. A fineB. What a fineC. How a fineD. What fine11. _ careless he is!A. WhatB. HowC. So muchD. How much12. _ from Beijing to London! A. How long way it isB. What a long way is it C. How long way is itD. What a long way it is13. Oh, John, _ you gave us!A.how a pleasant surpriseB.how pleasant surprise C.what a pleasant surpriseD.what pleasant surprise14. _ useful work they have done!A. WhatB. HowC. What aD. What an15. _ nice picture you gave me!A. HowB. WhatC. What aD. What an16. _beautiful flowers they are！A. HowB. WhatC. How aD. What a17. _terrible weather it is！A. WhatB. What aC. HowD. How a18. _the moon cakes are！A. How deliciousB. How a deliciousC. What deliciousD. What a delicious19. _thick ice! Would you like to go skating？A. WhatB. HowC. What aD. How a20. -_beautiful day it is! Lets go and have a picnic in the park. -Good idea!A. HowB. How aC. WhatD. What a21. -Kate has won the first prize in the singing competition. -_pleasant surprise this gave her classmates!A. WhatB. HowC. What aD. How a22. -_ great man Huang Furong is! -He lost his life while saving the students in the Yushu earthquake. A. How B. How a C. What D. What a 23. _exciting sport it is to climb the mountains!A. HowB. WhatC. What aD. What an24. _wide the streets are!A. WhatB. HowC. What aD. How a25. - _ beautiful city!-Yes. Lots of tourists come to visit it every year. A. HowB. WhatC. How aD. What a26. _ good job she does! She is really a clever girl. A. WhatB. HowC. What aD. How a27. -_interesting talk Mr. Black gave us!-Yes. We all like it very much. A. HowB. What aC. What anD. How an28. _meeting it is!A. What a importantB. What important C. How an importantD. What an important29. - Ive just got a postcard from my pen friend. - Let me have a look . Wow. _ nice card! A. WhatB. What aC. HowD. Why30. -_kind girl Nancy is!-Yes, she is always ready to help others. A. WhatB. What aC. HowD. How a31. -Have you seen the film Alice in Wonderful?-Yes. _ wonderful film it is!A. WhatB. What aC. HowD. How a32. -_ wonderful dictionary it is! Thank you for buying me such a useful present. - Im glad you like it. A. What aB. WhatC. How aD. How33. -_ hard work you have done!-Its very kind of you to say so. A. WhatB. HowC. What aD. How a34. _happily the children are flying kites!A. WhatB. What aC. HowD. How a35. _a clever boy he is ! A. WhatB. HowC. WhatsD. HowsThere be句型与have(has)考点知识点拨 重点： 1. There be句型的肯定式和否定式。2. There be句型一般疑问句以及特殊疑问句的构成。3. There be句型的就近原则。4. There be句型和have(has)的区别。 难点： 1.There be句型中肯定句变否定句和一般疑问句时some变any的用法。2. There be句型中的就近原则。考点：1.掌握There be句型中肯定句变否定句和一般疑问句时some变any的用法。2.掌握There be句型中的就近原则。3.区分There be句型和have(has)的用法。 There be句型1. 表示:在某地有某物或某人。2. 在there be 句型中，主语是单数或不可数名词，be 动词用is；主语是复数，be 动词用are；如有几件物品，be 动词根据最接近be动词的那个名词决定。There is a book on the desk. There is some water in the glass. There are three men under the tree . There is a bag, two books and three pens on the desk. 3. there be句型的否定句在be 动词后加not，一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。There is a duck in the river. 否定句：There is not a duck in the river. 一般疑问句：Is there a duck in the river?4. some和any在there be 句型中的运用：some用于肯定句，any用于否定句或疑问句。5. and 和or 在there be句型中的运用：and 用于肯定句，or用于否定句或疑问句。6. 针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语？How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语？7. 针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：Whats +Whos there+介词短语？II 就近原则 当there be 句型的主语是两个或者两个以上的名词时，谓语动词要离它最近的那个名词一致。第一个名词是单数就用there is, 第一个名词是复数就用there are。如：There is a teacher and some students in our classroom. 我们教室里有一位老师和一些学生。There are some students and a teacher in our classroom.我们教室里有一些学生和一位老师。 There be句型与have, has区别 There be句型表示“某处有某物或某人”如：There is a bag on the chair. Have（has)表示“某人或某物拥有什么东西”，强调的是“所属关系”，而且某人某物作句子的主语。如：I have a daughter. She has a lucky dog.真题在线I）用恰当的be动词填空。1. There _ a lot of sweets in the box. 2. There _ some milk in the glass. 3. There _ some people under the big tree. 4. There _ a picture and a map on the wall. 5. There _ a box of rubbers near the books. 6. There _ lots of flowers in our garden last year. 7. There _ a plate of chicken behind the fridge yesterday. 8. There _ four cups of coffee on the table. II）用 have或has填空。1. I _ a nice picture. 2. He _ a good friend. 3. They _ some kites. 4. We _ some flowers. 5. She _ a duck. 6. My father _ a new bike. 7. Her mother _ a vase. 8. Our teacher _ an English book. 9. Our teachers _ a basketball. 10. Their parents _ some story books. 11. Nancy _ many skirts. 12. David _ some jackets. 13. My friends _ a football. 14. What do you _ ?15. What does Mike _ ?16. What do your friends _ ?17. What does Helen _ ?18. His brother _ a basketball. 19. Her sister _ a nice doll. 20. Miss Li _ an English book. III）用“have, has”、“there is, there are”或者“is there, are there”填空。1. I _ a good father and a good mother. 2. _ a book on the desk. 3. He _ a tape-recorder. 4. _ a basketball on the playground. 5. She _ some dresses. 6. They _ a nice garden. 7. What do you _? 8. _ a reading-room in the building? 9. What does