Unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.doc

Unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. 1. Teenagers should be allowed to go out with their friends every night. 应当允许青少年每天晚上和他们的朋友一起外出。 ( should +) be allowed to do (应该)允许做某事情态动词的被动结构：情态动词+be +v-ed allow允许，准许allow sb. to do sth允许某人做某事allow doing 允许做某事be allowed to do sth 被允许做某事e.g. The teacher allowed him to go into the classroom. We dont allow smoking in public. Passengers are not allowed to smoke. 乘客不允许吸烟。 go out with sb 与某人一起外出 2. Sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to drive.应当允许16岁的青少年开车。 sixteenyearolds 十六岁的孩子们=Sixteen-year-old children “数词+名词+形容词”构成的形容词，在此用作名词，也就是合成词，合成词的复数形式通常只将其中的主题名词变成复数。 e.g. grown-ups成人3. Students should not be allowed to have part-time jobs.不应当允许学生做兼职工作。 have part-time jobs 从事业余工作/兼职工作 part-time兼职的，业余的 非全日制的 （反义词：full-time 全职的） job / work 工作job是可数名词，指具体的固定或临时的“工作”。e.g. My elder sister has got a job as a secretary in a computer company. work是不可数名词，没有复数形式，泛指“工作”，是含义极广的常用词，指脑力或体力劳动，也指为了生活而进行的工作。e.g. I have a lot of work to do this morning. 4. Sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to get their ears pierced. 应当允许16岁的青少年打耳孔。 get their ears pierced 打耳孔/眼 “get+名词+过去分词”， “让某人做某事”，让被, 使 e.g. I got my coat washed yesterday. 我昨天洗了外套。 I got my car repaired.我让人修理了我的汽车。 When are you going to get your hair cut?你打算什么时候理发？ （注意：用法类似get的单词还用have, make等）go to the mall 去购物中心5. Sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to choose their own clothes. choose ones own clothes 选择自己的衣服6. Im going to the mall with John. He just got his drivers license. license / licence执照，许可证 a drivers license= a driving licence驾驶证 a business license营业执照a marriage license 结婚证 a students license学生证7. I dont think sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to drive. think ,believe后接否定从句，否定应提前。8. They arent serious enough. 他们不够严肃。 serious enough 足够严肃 old enough 年级足够大 calm enough 足够沉着 enough adj 足够的，充足的 adv足够地（放在名词前后，形容词、副词后面）e.g. One yuan is enough. We have enough water and bread.= We have water and bread enough. He runs quickly enough. Its warm enough in the room. b. enough 后常接 （for +n / pron.） +to do sth 足够 做某事e.g. The girl is old enough to go to school. The box is light enough for you to carry. 那个箱子很轻，你可以搬动它。9. at night / in the evening cut ones hair=have ones hair cut剪头发10. He should stop wearing that silly earring. 他应该停止戴那个愚蠢的耳环。 stop doing sth 停止继续做某事 stop to do sth 停下来做某事 wear / put on / dress 1) wear = be in 穿着 wear warm clothes 穿上暖和的衣服2) put on 穿上，戴上 (反义词：take off)3)dress v. 穿衣服 （后通常跟“人”，而不跟“衣装、靴子、帽子”）dress sb /oneself 给穿衣服 e.g. The boy is too young to dress himself. 这个男孩子太小，不会自己穿衣服。 The baby cant dress himself, so his mother dresses him every day . be dressed in = be wearing穿着（后加“衣装、靴子、帽子”或表示颜色的词） dress in n. 指“衣服”，一般指“女装”silly adj. 愚蠢的 ，傻的，糊涂的 e.g. Dont be silly.别傻了。 foolish / silly / stupid愚蠢的，傻，笨 stupid 指智力、理解力差，有时可与前两个词通用；silly指头脑简单、傻头傻脑、可笑；foolish 最普通。 e.g. Stop asking such silly questions.别再问这样傻的问题了。 You silly child.你这傻孩子。 （带感情色彩） He is stupid in learning maths. 他学数学很笨。 You are foolish to throw away such a chance. 你真笨，丢掉这么一个机会。11. He doesnt seem to have many friends. 他似乎没有很多朋友。 seem a. seem (+to be ) + n. / adj . / prep. 看起来是 似乎是. e. g He seems (to be )happy. 他似乎是快乐的。 They seem soldiers. 他们好像是士兵。 b. It seems +that 从句 = seem to do It seems that she is happy. = She seems (to be) happy . I seem to have seem him. = It seems that I have seem him.我好像见过他。 12. on weekends 在周末 on weekdays 在工作日13. It looks cool. 它看上去很酷。 look “好像，看起来，显得”，在句中作谓语时，其否定式在 look 之前，但否定的内容往往是look 之后。 e.g. It doesnt look clean. 它看上去不干净。 作为系动词，后接形容词，还可以用“to be +名词/过去分词/介词短语”或as if 引道的从句作表语。 e.g. He looks to be a nice man. 他看上去是个好人。 You look in good health.你看上去身体很健康。 It looks as if we are going to miss the plane.我们看来好像赶不上飞机了。 look /seem 都可以作连系动词，“似乎”，“看上去” 1）look 所表示的“看起来”是以视觉所接受的印象为依据的。 e.g. He looks like his father. That skirt looks beautiful. 2)seem 所表示的“似乎”或“看起来”是以客观迹象为依据的，需要通过一定的推理或判断才能得出结论。 e.g. Danny seems to win the game. 丹尼似乎要赢得这场比赛。14. Young people need to sleep. need to do sth / need doing sth e.g .You didnt need to tell him the news. Your shoes need cleaning. = Your shoes need to be cleaned. 15. spend time with sb跟某人一起度过（花时间和某人在一起度过）16. He needs time to do homework. 17. I disagree. They talk instead of doing homework. disagree vi. 不同意，不赞同（反义词：agree,一般不用进行时，若指与某人意见不一，通常接with;若指在某一方面意见不一，通常接about, on等，也可以接with ） e.g. Im sorry to disagree with you. 对不起，我不同意你们的意见。 I disagree with him about what we should do. 对于我们应该做什么，我不同意他的看法。 注意：1、表示两者“不一致”，通常与with连用。 e.g. His answer disagrees with mine. 他的答案与我的不一致。 2、表示气候或食物等对某人不适合，通常接with。 e.g. Solid food disagrees with mine. 固体食物不适合他。 instead of 代替 ，而不是 （后加名词、代词、动名词或介词短语）e.g. I will go instead of you. 我代替你去。 Shall we have fish instead of meat today? 我们今天不吃肉改吃鱼,好吗？ Hell go to Italy instead of France.他要去意大利而不是法国。Give me the red one instead of the green one.我那个红的而不是绿的 instead 代替，而不是(它可单独位于句首或句尾，位于句首时后面一般用逗号隔开。) e.g. The water here is not good, so Im drinking beer instead. 此地的水不好，所以我改喝啤酒。 She never studies on weekends. Instead, she plays tennis.她周末从不学习, 而是打网球。He is tired. Let me go instead.他累了, 让我替他去吧。18. They arent serious enough at that age.他们在那个年龄还不顾严肃认真。 at that age 在那个年龄（在文中相当于at the age of sixteen ）at the age of 在某人多大时 He cant do such a thing at that age.在那么大时，他不能做那样的事。19. We have a lot of rules at my house. 我们家有很多家规。 20. So do we.我们也是。 “ so +助动词/be 动词/情态动词+主语”，“ 和一样”（表示主语的情况与前者相同。） e.g. I feel happy, so does he. 我感到高兴，他也是。 =he feels happy, too. Li Mei was late. So was Lily. 李梅迟到了，莉莉也是。 =Lily was late, too. 把so改为neither(nor)则表示否定。e.g. He cant swim, neither (nor) can I. 他不会游泳，我也不会。 =I cant swim, either. “so +主语+助动词/be 动词/情态动词”，“ 确实如此”（则表示赞同前者的说法。 ） -He is a clever boy. 他是个聪明的男孩。 -So he is. 他的确是。 -He can do that work.他能做那分工作。 -So he can.他的确能。 21. For example, I have to stay at home on school nights. for example / such as/ like（例如，像） for example 一般只列举同类人或物中的“一个”为例，作插入语，用逗号与其他部分隔开，可置于句首、句中或句末。such as常列举同类人或物中的几个例子，不能穷尽，常与and so on连用。 e.g. For example, Tom has the same opinion. 例如，汤姆就有相同的看法。 Do you often eat fruit such as oranges? 你常吃像橘子这样的水果吗? A man , such as Tom will surely succeed. 像汤姆这样的人是肯定会成功的。 （such as 之前可以用逗号和句子隔开，之后不用逗号而直接跟名词或代词） like 也可用来列举，可与such as 互换。 e.g. Some cities, like/such as Dalian and Kunming are very clean and beautiful. Noise, for example, is a kind of pollution. 举例说明，噪音就是一种污染。 China has many big cities, such as Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen and so on. on school nights 在上学时间的每个晚上22. What about sth /doing sth? 怎么样？ =How about sth / doing sth?23. go to the movies 去看电影 =go to see the film =go to the cinema 24. on Friday nights. 在周五晚上25. Me, too, but I have to be home by 10:00 pm. 我也是， 但是我晚上10点以前必须回家。 “Me, too.” 意为“我也是”，表示肯定意思，相当于”so+助动词/系动词be/情态动词+主语 ”。“Me neither.” 常用于口语中表示“一个人不, 另一个人也不”.相当于 “neither +助动词/系动词be/情态动词+主语”结构。 e.g. -I have never been to Hainan Island. -Me neither. (Neither have I.) Im not tall. Neither is she. = Shes not tall, either.我个子不高, 她个子也不高。 -I have been to the zoo a lot of times. -Me too. (So have I) 我也是。 My friends are happy. So am I. =Me too.= Im happy, too./ Im also happy. 我的朋友高兴, 我也很高兴。 be at home by 10:00 pm 10以前回/在家by noon在中午之前 by 到为止，不迟于，不晚于； 之前 =not later than e.g. Can you finish your homework by supper time?到晚饭时你能完成你的作业吗？26. And on Saturday afternoons, Im allowed to go shopping with my friends. and 并列连词，用来连接单词和单词、短语和短语、句子和句子。and连接句子时，有时上下联系紧密，有停顿的意味，这时常常不必译出。 e.g. He showed me around his factory and I found the factory is big and beautiful. 他我参加了他的工厂，我发现工厂又大又漂亮。 27. yet / already 28. go out 外出29. is allowed to stay up until 11:00 pm 晚上11点前不睡觉。 stay up 熬夜，不睡觉 until 直 时候为止 1. 引导时间状语从句，用在肯定句时主句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词。 e. g He waited until his mother came back. 他一直等到他妈妈回来。 2. not until 直到 才, 在之前不（没有） 通常与非延续性动词连用，强调主句所表示的状态或动作从until所表示的时间才发生，主句必须是否定句。 e.g. He didnt go home until ten oclock. 他直到10点才回家。 30. watch TV看电视31. clean up打扫清洁或收拾整齐；整理32. Do you ever get to class late?你曾经上课迟到吗？ get to a place 到达某地 =arrive in / at a place =reach a place (但：get / arrive home /there /here ?) be late for 做迟到33. finish a test early 早早完成考试 finish sth / doing sth 完成某事/做某事34. worry that youll fail a test ? 担心考试不及格吗？ fail 失败，不及格 fail a test考试不及格 =fail the test = fail in the test fail a math test数学考试不及格 pass a test 考试及格35. take the test 参加考试 take the test later 以后参加考试36. strict rules严格的规章制度 strict adj. 严厉的， 严格的 37. Parents should not be too strict with teenagers.父母不应当对青少年要求太严格。 be strict with 对某人要求严格 be strict in sth 对某事（工作）要求严格38. The other day, my friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school. 前几天，我和朋友们讨论我们学校的规定。 the other day = a few days ago 前几天，不久以前 （用过去时） another day可表示近期将来的某一天，意为“改天”，也可表示过去或将来某一动作或状态延续的“又一天”， e.g. I saw your mother the other day. 前几天我见到了你地母亲。 He may come another day.他可以改天来。 39. At our school, we have to wear uniforms every day. 40. Our teacher believe that if we did that, we would concentrate more on our clothes than our studies. believe 后that 引导的宾语从句用的是虚拟语气。如果说话人把动词所表达的行为或状态看作是只存在于说话人想像中的“假想”，而不是看作客观事实时，就用虚拟语气。 e.g. If there wee no air, there would be no life on the earth.如果没有空气，地球上就不会有生命。 If I were you, Id start packing now.如果我是你，我现在就开始收拾行李了。 concentrate on /upon 集中（注意力等）；专心，专注于,全神贯注 e.g. I must concentrate on my new job. 我必须专注于我的新工作。 Students must concentrate on their study in class. 学生在课堂上必须专注于学习。 41. We would feel more comfortable and that is good for studying. feel more comfortable 感到更舒服 be good for sth / doing sth 对有好处/益处 be bad for 对有害 e.g. Exercise is good for the health . Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. 42. If we cant do that, we should be allowed to design our own uniforms. 如果我们不能那样做，应当允许我们设计自己的校服。 43. That would be a good way to keep both teachers and students happy. keep+sth.+形容词 使得保持 keep sb/ sth +adj. 是某人/某物保持某种状态 e.g. Coat will keep you warm.外套将使你暖和。 We try our best to keep our school clean and tidy. keep doing sth 不停/反复做某事 keep sb doing sth 是某人一直做某事 both and 和两者都44. Its also probably a good idea for parents to allow teenagers to study in groups during the evening.对父母来说，允许中学生在晚上以小组方式学习也可能是个好注意。 Its adj. / n. +(for sb) to do sth （对某人来说）做某事 . study in groups 以小组方式学习during 在期间45. I know we get noisy sometimes, but we learn a lot from each other. 我知道我们有时候很吵闹，但我们相互学到了许多。 get noisy 吵闹，吵吵嚷嚷 （强调吵闹的动作） be noisy （侧重吵闹的状态） noise n. 声音，噪音 learn sth from sb. 向某人学做某事或某方面的知识 e.g. Youve learned surfing from him. 你已经向他学习冲浪了。 learn from sb. 向某人学习 （指学习品德或高尚情操等） e.g. Lets learn from Lei Feng. （注意：learn from 中learn 不可以用study替换） learn a lot 学了很多 each other彼此，相互间46. At present theyre too short. at present = now 现在，目前 （present 不可数名词） e.g. He is all right at present.他现在很好。 present 礼物 （可数名词）47. Longer vacations would give us time to do things like volunteering.更长的假期将会给我们更多的时间做像自愿服务那样的事情。 give sb sth =give sth to sb给某人某物 （） give it to me () give me it 类似的词： pass , show 48. Last summer I had an opportunity to volunteer at the local hospital, but I couldnt because I had to go back to school. have an opportunity to do sth有做某事的一次机会 chance/ opportunitychance 指侥幸的,偶尔的机会,还可表示“可能性” opportunity 指有利的时机,良机. 二者有时可以互换. the local hospital当地医院 go back to a place 回到某地= return =get back 49. It would be a good experience for me because I want to be a doctor when Im older. 50. What do / does think about .? 认为/觉得怎么样？51. What kind of clothes do the want to wear?他们喜欢哪种衣服？ What kind of 什么种类的52. What is their idea about vacations?对于假期他们的想法是什么？53. What school rules do you think should be changed? （插入语） I think, I hope, I suppose作插入语放在特殊问句时：特殊疑问词do you think陈述句语序e.g. Who do you think is the funniest actor? Which do you think is more interesting? When do you think he will come back?54. English-English dictionaries英英词典55. What time do you finish basketball practice today?56.Its a real mess. 它真的很杂乱57. I cant choose which pair of jeans to buy. They both look good on me. =which pair of jeans I can /should a pair of 一双，一对，一副，一条 (用来修饰由两部分构成的物体，如：trousers, jeans ,classes, shoes, socks 等，由pair修饰的名词作主语时，谓语要与pair的数保持一致) e.g. There are two pairs of shoes under the bed. That pair of glasses is my younger sisters. 58. Everyone needs to have at least eight hours sleep a night. at least 至少 eight hours sleep 8小时的睡眠 “数词+表示时间的名词所有格+表示动词意义的名词” 时间的 e.g. After two days work, he felt much too tired. 干了两天的活之后，他感到实在太累了。 Its about an hours walk to get there. 到那儿大约要走一个小时。 59. we sometimes have special day to help others. 我们有时专门有一天去帮助别人。60. old peoples home 养/敬老院61. perform a play表演节目62. We should be allowed to take time to do things like that more often take time to do sth 花时间做某事63. primary school小学64. help (to) do sth 帮忙做某事 help sb (to) do sth help sb with sth 65. the newspaper office 报社66. once a week 一周一次 （once一次， twice 两次， “三次”以上用“基数词+times”）e.g. five times 五次， many times许多次， several times几次）注意：表示频率的时间提问时用how often . e.g. -How often do you go shopping? -Once a week. 67. many students are sleepy after a long week of classes. 许多学生上了长达一周的课后都昏昏欲睡。 sleepy adj. 欲睡的，困倦的 （可作表语，又可作定语，修饰名词） e.g. I feel sleepy today.今天我感到困倦。 sleeping adj. 睡眠中的 e.g. Thats a sleeping dog.那是一条正在睡觉的狗。 asleep adj. (是表语形容词，不可放在名词前修饰名词) e.g. The baby is asleep in the bed. 婴儿在床上睡者了。 68. Some students should be allowed to have Friday afternoons off to volunteer and help others. 应该允许一些学生星期五下午休息去自愿帮助别人。 have / take +时间+off 休假，请假 （请多长时间或休多长时间就在 have 和off之间加上“多长时间”） e.g. Miss Yang was ill and she had a day off.杨老师病了，她请了一天假。 We took five days off this month.本月我们休假五天。 69.I would like to reply to the article “helping and Learning” in your last newsletter.我想答复你上次简报中的“帮助和学习”这篇文章。 reply to = answer回答，答复 e.g. They replied to his question.他们回答了他的问题。 主意：reply和answer都有“回答（问题等）”的意思，但用法不完成相同。在answer之后可以直接接名词、代词等作宾语；而reply后接名词或代词时，应在名词或代词前加介词to,但接句子时不用带介词to 。 e.g We replied to the enemys fire.我们对敌人的炮火进行了还击。 He replied that he disagreed.他回答说，他不同意。 70. Should I be allowed to make my own decisions?应当允许我自己决定吗？ make ones decision (to do sth ) 作决定 =make a decision (to do sth) =decide (to do sth )71. But sometimes these hobbies can get in the way of schoolwork, and parents might worry about their childs success at school. 但有时这些爱好会妨碍学习，父母可能会担心孩子在学校的成功。 get in the way (of ) 妨碍, 碍事 =be in the way e.g. He never gets in anyones way. 他从来不妨碍任何人。 Playing computer games can get in way of his study. worry about 担心，担忧72. Teenagers often think they should be allowed to practice their hobbies as much as they want. 青少年经常认为允许他们随心所欲地去践行他们的爱好。 practice v. n. 练习，实习，实践 practice sth practice doing sth 73. Liu Yu, a fifteen-year-old boy from Shandong, is a running star.74. He is on his school running team and ha always wanted to be professional athlets. 他在学校赛跑队，总想成为一名专业运动员。 on his school running team on 表示为之一份子/员, “从事”，“参加” professional athlete职业运动员 athlete / player / sportsman sportswoman / athlete “运动员”， 通常指田径运动员。 player “运动员”，使用比较广泛，既可指田径运动员，也指各种比赛，如球类比赛、棋类比赛等的选手或运动员。如：basketball player。 sportsman sportswoman也表示“运动员”，但更强调职业，强调精神。 e.g. He is a real sportsman.他是一名真正的运动员。 75. achieve ones dreams实现某人的梦想 achieve vt. 达到（目的