高考阅读专题 教师版.doc

17 中国教育领军品牌环球雅思学科教师辅导讲义讲义编号： 组长签字： 签字日期： 学员编号： 年 级 ：高三 课时数：学员姓名： 宁鑫 辅导科目：英语 学科教师：林师师课 题高考英语题型：阅读理解题的基本复习方法 题材： 地理类 故事类授课日期及时段教学目标重点、难点教 学 内 容高考阅读最基本的复习方法：共有3个key word: 细读(close reading) 阅读三步走 48精读击破法基本的学习方法：精读和泛读相结合。精读与泛读的比例 1：1第一，精读：“48精读击破法”复习方式：以点代面。切忌题海战术!精读吃透94-04年的真题文章。1. 精读的角度：词汇。把文章中的单词要背会、要全部熟悉掌握。对阅读中的长句、难句进行分析。每篇文章中摘出510个长难句背诵，翻译。解题思路。要对题目进行分析解题思路的分析、 错误分析。对题目中的四个选项要做分析，正确的选项要做分析，错误的选项也要做分析。2.对48篇真题精读：首先，分析文章，对题目中的四个选项要做分析。正确的选项要做分析，错误的选项也要做分析。其次，把文章中的单词要背会，要全部熟练掌握。长难句要摘取下来背诵、翻译。重点文章，有时需要背诵全文。对于文章则可以多角度的读，题目也可以多角度的分析。3. 五层递进的方法精读48篇文章： 抓住文章的中心。高考文章特重视抓住中心意思的能力。 中心思想 + 细节 = 文章。要反复把自己以前的思路同现在的思路作对比，才可以提高自己把握中心的能力。 抓各个自然段的大意。争取用一两个词或词组概括整个自然段的大意，并且把意思相近的自然段合为一体，即给文章分层。 以自然段为单位，对文章进行深入剖析。即对单词、词组的记忆和对长句的精确分析、背诵。 佳句摘录。 换位思考层。即高考专家为什么选这样的文章，选此文章的难度在那里，文章的谋篇结构事什么。可以与高考专家换位思考，还可以与作者换位。与作者换位：如果我是文章作者的话，在大约相同字数的条件下，要描述同一件事情，我会如何展开文章，然后同作者的思路做比较。4. 精读达到的基本要求：所有的单词都背过。从文章中任何地方拿出一句话，都应该搞清楚，能分析出语法结构。从文章中摘出来任何一个指代词，就马上可以知道它的指代关系。5.背单词：集中力量大面积的过单词(认知)，用大纲就可以了以真题为范本，搞清这些词在句中的深刻含义。(大纲提到：一篇文章中生词的出现率应该小于等于3%。要注意模拟题的选择。)第二，泛读：1. 泛读练习的目的：增强背景知识。锻炼抓住文章中心的能力。2. 建议：每周一次China Daily，时效性强，多注意经济文化、科技、观点类文章。每月至少看一本英文杂志：Time,News week,Economist,英语世界,优秀时文阅读勤上网浏览相关英文新闻。要求泛读新概念第四册，每天泛读一篇，多遍泛读。推荐两本辞典：朗文或牛津高级双解辞典、韦氏大学辞典模拟题：一周4篇。精细地研究真题。高考英语答题技巧：阅读理解题答题全攻略高考阅读的时间分配问题：1. 4篇7580分钟，平均每篇1520分钟。2. 读文章的时间分配：用68分钟完成第一遍阅读，1014分钟来琢磨题目，每题平均2分钟。高考阅读的特点：文章单词量不大，但句型结构复杂。(熟背大纲，将每篇文章中的长难句摘录下来，加以背诵)作者的观点不一定明确。选项的迷惑性比较大。阅读理解中做题误区：1. 读的太快，做题靠印象和直觉。(要求每一道题回到原文去找答案)2. 先看题目，后读文章。(与先读文章后看题目的比较)高考阅读方法：先通读全文，重点读首段、各段的段首段尾句，然后其他部分可以略读，再审题定位，重叠选项，选出答案。要有把握文章宏观结构、中心句的能力。3. 阅读中需要特别注意并做记号的有：标志类、指示类的信息。a.表示并列关系:and;also;coupled with等b.表示转折关系:but;yet;however;by contrast等c.表示因果关系:therefor;thereby;consequently;as a result等d.表示递进关系:in addition to;even;whatmore;furthermore等e.表示重要性的词: prime;above all;first等以上关键词有助于我们对文章逻辑结构的把握具有感情色彩显示作者态度的词:blind盲目的(贬)excessively过分的(贬)其他总结1. 阅读的启示： 短文中的一些难以理解的句子有时并不会对理解全篇产生很大的障碍。 把握文章结构，抓住文章的核心概念。 踏踏实实地提高自己的阅读水平(70%)，并且要掌握一定的阅读方法和技巧(30%)。要能够分辨哪些信息要读哪些信息不读。 考试阅读的最高目的：做题。阅读理解的重要原则：模糊中求准确。2. 做题的启示： 排除了两项之后，要选择与文章中心相关的一项。 四个选项中有两项意思相反时，其中必有一个是答案。 虽然是一道细节题，但也可以当成一道主旨题来做。 类比、比喻、列举、举例的目的都是为了说明中心。3. 高考的文章与四六级文章的重要不同之处：前者重细读，后者重速度 。高考的文章重视考察抓住中心思想的能力。中心思想 + 细节 = 文章; 中心思想引领细节。要反复把自己以前的思路同现在的新思路作对比，才可以提高把握中心的能力。4. 关于九堂课的阅读方法：微观和宏观把握文章的结构怎么把握，它的脉络;掌握句子怎么去理解它的含义。另外，还有八大题型的总结。5. 常见问题：读不懂怎么?问题本身太空乏，应该仔细分析问题到底在哪。首先要能意识到自身问题所在。unconsciously incompetent (无意识地，无能力地) 属于问题认知的第一阶段;consciously incompetent (有意识地，无能力地) 属于问题认知的第二阶段;consciously competent (有意识地，有能力地) 属于问题认知的第三阶段;unconsciously competent (无意识地，有能力地) 属于问题认知的第四阶段。从认知的第三阶段达到第四阶段，是一个反复熟练的过程。“48精读击破法”读懂了文章之后还错题怎么办?做完了一遍不愿意看第二遍怎么办：做题技巧用不上怎么办?能够不由自主地按照正确的思路解题了，才表明我们正确掌握了这些技巧。在课堂听明白之后，还需要回去自己思考，针对自己的实际分析分析6. 关于复习的安排：先把上课讲完的文章趁热打铁，把文章固化下来;每天搞透一篇，然后把剩下的文章每天做一篇，做完了之后再精读。九月份开始，看文章同时应该做一些新题，做新题时要带点实战的感觉，即抽出80分钟时间做一套题。在时间较多的暑假中，一周两套题就可以了。到9、10月份每周保持做一套题就可以了。11、12月份时，停止做模拟题。把前5年的高考真题做一下，并精读。48篇最少要轮到七八遍。高考英语阅读理解训练地理类(1)Death Valley is one of the most famous deserts in the United States, covering a wide area with its alkali sand. Almost 20 percent of this area is well below sea level, and Badwater, a salt water pool, is about 280 feet below sea level and the lowest point in the United States.Long ago the Panamint Indians called this place “Tomesha” the land of fire. Death Valleys present name dates back to 1849, when a group of miners coming across from Nevada became lost in its unpleasantness and hugeness and their adventure turned out to be a sad story. Today Death Valley has been declared a National Monument(纪念碑) and is crossed by several well-marked roads where good services can be found easily. Luckily the change created by human settlement has hardly ruined the special beauty of this place.Here nature created a lot of surprising, almost like the sights on the moon, ever-changing as the frequent wind moves the sand about, showing the most unusual colors. One of the most astonishing and variable parts of Death Valley is the Devil s Golf Course, where it seems hard for one to tell reality from terrible dreams. Sand sculptures(沙雕) stand on a frightening ground, as evening shadows move and lengthen.1. _ is the lowest place in the desert.A. Tomesha B. Death Valley C. Nevada D. Badwater2. The name of the valley comes from _.A. an Indian name B. the death of the minersC. the local people D. a National Movement3. From the passage we can learn that _.A. no one had ever known the desert before the minersB. its still not easy to travel across the desertC. people can find gas-stations, cafes and hotels in the desertD. people have changed the natural sight of the desert4. Devil Golf Course is famous for _.A. the frequent wind B. the colors of the sandC. dream-like sights D. the sand sculptures5. From the passage we can see that the writer _ the Death Valley.A. appreciates B. is fearful ofC. dislikes D. is tired of【答案解析】本文介绍了美国的一个著名沙漠“死亡谷”名称的由来以及 “死亡谷”奇特的风光。1. D. 细节题。根据 and Badwater, a salt water pool, is about 280 feet below sea level and the lowest point in the United States 可推知此题答案为 D。2. B. 推断题。根据 when a group of miners coming across from Nevada became lost in its unpleasantness and hugeness and their adventure turned out to be a sad story 可知“死亡谷”的名称来源于这些迷路矿工的死亡。3. C. 推断题。根据 well-marked roads where good services can be found easily 可以判断 C 为最佳答案。4. C. 细节题。根据 where it seems hard for one to tell reality from terrible dreams 可推知答案为 C。5. A. 推断题。根据the special beauty of this placelike the sights on the moon ever-changingshowing the most unusual colors等关键词语可以知道作者是带着赞赏的语气来描述“死亡谷”的。(2)The Erie Canal was the first important national waterway built in the US. It crossed New York from Buffalo on Lake Erie Troy to Albany on the Hudson River. It joined the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. The canal served as a route over which industrial goods could flow into the west, and materials could pour into the east. The Erie Canal helped New York develop into the nations largest city.The building of the canal was paid for entirely by the state of New York. It cost $ 7 143 789, but it soon gained its price many times over. Between 1825, when the canal was opened, and 1882, when toll charges(过运河费) were stopped, the state collected $121 461 891.For a hundred years before the Erie was built, people had been talking about a canal which could join the Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean. The man who planned the Erie Canal and carried the plan through was De Witt Clinton. Those who were against the canal laughingly called it “Clintons Ditch(沟)”. Clinton talked and wrote about the canal and drew up plans for it. He and Governor Morris went to Washington in 1812 to ask for help for the canal, but they were unsuccessful.Clinton became governor of New York in 1817, and shortly afterwards, on July 4, 1817, broke ground for the canal in Rome, N.Y. The first part of the canal was completed in 1820. As the canal grew, towns along its course developed fast. The length of the canal is 363 miles.1. We can see that the Erie Canal _.A. joined the Great Lakes togetherB. crossed New York from north to southC. played an important part in developing New York CityD. was the first waterway built in the US2. It can be inferred that _ into the Atlantic Ocean.A. the Great Lakes flowB. the Hudson River flowsC. Lake Erie flowsD. the Erie Canal flows3. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. The Erie Canal brought profits of over $114, 000, 000.B. Its 363 miles from the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean.C. The West was more advanced than the East when the canal was built.D. Many other states helped New York built the canal.4. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Clinton broke ground for the canal at both ends.B. Clinton started building the canal before he became governor.C. All parts of the canal were completed at the same time.D. Construction of the canal took eight years.【答案解析】本文介绍了Erie Canal的作用及修建过程。1. C. 细节题。根据文章第1段最后一句The Erie Canal helped New York develop into the nations largest city 及全段内容，可推知此题答案为C。2. B. 推断题。根据文章第1段第2句和第3句：运河from Buffalo on Lake Erie Troy to Albany on the Hudson River 横跨了New York 把the Great Lakes和the Atlantic Ocean联系起来了可推知此题答案为B。3. A. 推断题。通过比较文章第2段第2句 It cost $ 7, 143, 789 和第2段最后一句中的the state collected $121, 461, 891可推知此题答案为A。4. D. 推断题。根据文章最后一段第1句中的on July 4, 1817, broke ground for the canal in Rome, N.Y. 和第2段第2句中的 Between 1825, when the canal was opened 可推知此题答案为D。(3)We spent a day in the country, picking wild flowers. With the car full of flowers we were going home. On our way back my wife noticed a cupboard (柜厨) outside a furniture shop. It was tall and narrow. “Buy it, ” my wife said at once. “Well carry it home on the roof rack. Ive always wanted one like that.”What could I do? Ten minutes later I was 20 poorer; and the cupboard was tied on the roof rack. It was six feet long and eighteen inches square, quite heavy too.In the gathering darkness I drove slowly. Other drivers seemed unusually polite that evening. The police even stopped traffic to let us through. Carrying furniture was a good idea.After a time my wife said, “Theres a long line of cars behind. Why dont they overtake, I wonder?” In fact a police car did overtake. The two officers inside looked at us seriously as they passed. But then, with great kindness, they led us through the rush-hour traffic. The police car stopped at our village church. One of the officers came to me.“Right, sir, ” he said. “Do you need any more help?”I was a bit puzzled. “Thanks, officer, ” I said. “You have been very kind. I live just on the road.”He was staring at our car, first at the flowers, then at the cupboard. “Well, well, ” he said, laughing. “Its a cupboard youve got there! We thought it was something else.”My wife began to laugh. The truth hit me like a stone between the eyes. I smiled at the officer. “Yes, its a cupboard, but thanks again.” I drove home as fast as I could.1. In fact the husband _ the cupboard.A. would like very much to buy B. badly wantedC. was glad to have bought D. would rather not buy2. Other drivers thought they were _.A. carrying a cupboard to the churchB. sending flowers to the churchC. carrying nothing but a piece of furnitureD. going to attend a funeral(葬礼) at the church3. The police will be more polite to those who are _.A. driving in gathering darkness B. in great sorrow (悲痛)C. driving with wild glowers in the car D. carrying furniture4. What did the husband think of this matter?A. It was very strange. B. He felt ashamed of it.C. He took great pride in it. D. He was puzzled at it.【答案解析】作者在采花回家的路上，妻子又买了一个柜子装在车上，其他的司机及警察都以为他们是去给人送葬，所以纷纷给其让路。1. D。推断题。根据文章第2段作者对买柜子的想法：要花钱、又长又笨重，从而推断出作者心里不愿意，由此可知答案为D。2. D。推断题。根据第4段倒数第2句：警察的车停在教堂及第7段警察看车的情形：看了花草又看柜子，说：我们以为是别的什么东西。可推断出此题答案为D。3. B。推断题。根据文章中对警察关心作者的描述及警察对作者车上东西的看法可推断出警察以为作者去参加葬礼，所以对作者特别关心，由此可知答案为B。4. B。推断题。根据文章最后一段的描述：好像一块石头击中了我的眉心，于是我尽快地把车开回家，可看出作者对此很羞愧，从而推断出此题答案为B。(4)My father was a foreman of a sugar-cane plantation in Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico. My first job was to drive the oxen that ploughed the cane fields. I would walk behind an ox, guiding him with a broomstick. For $ 1 a day, I worked eight hours straight, with no food breaks.It was very tedious work, but it prepared me for life and taught me many lasting lessons. Because the plantation owners were always watching us, I had to be on time every day and work as hard as I could. Ive never been late for any job since. I also learned about being respectful and faithful to the people you work for. More important, I earned my pay; it never entered my mind to say I was sick just because I didnt want to work.I was only six years old, but I was doing a mans job. Our family needed every dollar we could make because my father never earned more than $ 18 a week. Our home was a three-room wood shack with a dirty floor and no toilet. Nothing made me prouder than bringing home money to help my mother, father, two brothers and three sisters. This gave me self-esteem(自尊心), one of the most important things a person can have.When I was seven, I got work at a golf course near our house. My job was to stand down the fairway and spot the balls as they landed, so the golfers could find them. Losing a ball meant you were fired, so I never missed one. Some nights I would lie in bed and dreamt of making thousands of dollars by playing golf and being able to buy a bicycle.The more I dreamed, the more I thought. Why not? I made my first golf club out of guava limb(番石榴树枝) and a piece of pipe. Then I hammered an empty tin can into the shape of a ball. And finally I dug two small holes in the ground and hit the ball back and forth. I practiced with the same devotion and intensity. I learned working in the field except now I was driving golf balls with club, not oxen with a broomstick.1. The writers first job was _.A. to stand down the fairway at a golf courseB. to watch over the sugar-cane plantationC. to drive the oxen that ploughed the cane fieldsD. to spot the balls as they landed so the golfers could find them2. The word “tedious” in Paragraph 2 most probably means _.A. difficult B. boring C. interesting D. unusual3. The writer learned that_ from his first job.A. he should work for those who he liked mostB. he should work longer than what he was expectedC. he should never fail to say hello to his ownerD. he should be respectful and faithful to the people he worked for4. _ gave the writer serf-esteem.A. Having a family of eight peopleB. Owning his own golf courseC. Bringing money back home to help the familyD. Helping his father with the work on the plantation5. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. He wanted to be a successful golfer.B. He wanted to run a golf course near his house.C. He was satisfied with the job he got on a plantation.D. He wanted to make money by guiding oxen with a broomstick.【答案解析】本文主要介绍作者小时候的工作经历：6岁时在一家甘蔗种植园耕地，7岁时在离家不远的一家高尔夫球场找到看球。1. C。语义理解题。第 1 段第 2 句话My first job was to drive the oxen that ploughed the cane fields 和题干几乎完全相同。2. B。词义猜测题。从第 2 段第 2 句话中的I had to be on time every day and work as hard as I could 可以推知 tedious 的正确词义。3. D。语义理解题。看到文章第 2 段第 4 句话 I also learned about being respectful and faithful to the people you work for，答案不言自明。4. C。语义理解题。从文章第 3 段最后两句话 Nothing made me prouder than bringing home money to help my mother, father, two brothers and three sisters. This gave me self-esteem (自尊心) 不难肯定答案为C。(5)At the time, I would go out in the evening with my parents. But this time I had borrowed a bicycle from a friend of mine. I didnt know why, but once I was on my own bicycle, a kind of free feeling flooded through me. The faster I rode, the faster I wanted to go! Far ahead, I rode as if my life depended on it, head down, hands grasping the handbars. I meant to get to Jinghai Bar as fast as I could.Oh! My hands! Dont come any closer. Dont touch me! That poor doctor just couldnt get my gloves off. Each time he took a step towards me, I broke into painful shouting. Much later, Idiscovered that I had crashed(碰撞) heavily with another bicycle, and I hadnt spoken one word of sense for at least three hours! After some time, my mother arrived at the hospital, her face as white as a sheet, and gave me a hug(拥抱), only then did the doctor begin to stitch(缝合) my head wound, not only did he merrily cut off a long lock of my hair, but used no anaesthetic(麻药) either! Later. I seemed to hear faraway voices saying that my right hand was broken. I almost burst into tears. How would I ever play the piano again?1. On her way to Jinghai, the writer felt _.A. nervous B. comfortable C. light-hearted D. upset2. Why did the writer ride a bicycle to Jinghai Bar that evening?A. Because she wanted to attend a party on time.B. Because she wanted to meet her friend who was waiting for her there.C. Because she just wanted, to join some of her friends and drink some wine.D. We are not quite sure about what she was really going there for.3. What did the writer think of the doctor?A. Friendly. B. Cruel. C. Hardworking. D. Kind.4. One thing is sure, that is, before she was wounded she _.A. often went to Jinghai Bar with her friendsB. liked playing the pianoC. didnt like any doctors at allD. would burst into tears when she was in trouble【答案解析】本文述说了作者骑车遇险的经历。1. C。推断题。根据第1段后面几句话的描述可推知此题的答案为C。2. D。推断题。文章未说作者去Jinghai Bar的原因，因此，我们也就无法知道，因此此题答案为D。3. B。推断题。根据文章中的 not only did he merrily cut off a long lock of my hair, but used no anaesthetic either 可知，作者认为这医生很残忍，因此选B。4. B。细节题。根据文章最后一句可知：她喜欢弹钢琴。从而可推知此题答案为B。(6)Beldon and Canfield are two seashore towns, not far apart. Both towns have many hotels, and in summer the hotels are full of holiday-makers and other tourists.Last August there was a fire at the Seabreeze Hotel in Beldon. The next day, this news appeared on page two of the t