QP-09-射线检验程序.docx

Shanghai Baoye Group Corp., Ltd上海宝冶集团有限公司Radiographic Testing ProcedureSBC-JZGS/ASME-09Shanghai Baoye Group Corp., Ltd Procedure Document上海宝冶集团有限公司程序文件 Document Name：Radiographic Testing Procedure文件名称：射线照相检测程序Document No：文件编号：SBC-JZGS/ASME-090Issue for Use2014.05.16黄牛张啸风Revision No.版本号Reason for issue/Revision发布/修改原因Issue Date编制日期Issued by编制者Approved by批准1.0 Scope适用范围1.1This procedure describes the requirements of radiographic examination in according to ASME Section V on Code items as well as their components which constructed in according to ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section I, B31.1 and VIII Div.1, latest applicable edition and addendum. Preparation and modifications to this procedure may only be made by a duly certified NDE level II and III. 本程序根据ASME锅炉及压力容器规范第V卷以及第卷B31.1和第卷第分册的最新版本和附录规定进行编制，适用于锅炉及压力容器和其它零部件的射线检验要求，由经过鉴定合格的无损检验II级人员编制和III级人员修改。1.2 The product material and its thickness limits refer to applicable NDE instruction.产品的材料和它的厚度限制参考有关无损检验工艺说明书。2.0 Equipment and Materials 设备和材料: 2.1 Radiation Sources 放射源:2.1.1 Type XXQ2505 are used 使用型号为XXQ2505X射线机Manufacturer生产厂商Model型号Pipe Voltage管电压KVPipe Current管电流mAFocus measurement 焦点尺寸( mm)Max. thickness to be radiographic examined射线检验的最大厚度(mm)Dandong 丹东XXQ250517025052.02.0402.1.2 Other equipment may be used provided equivalent or better results are obtained.倘若能获得较好或等同的结果，也可适用其它设备。2.1.3 The equipment manufacturer or supplier shall supply source size verification, such as technical manuals, decay curves, or written statement documenting the actual or maximum source size or focal spot.设备生产厂商或供货商应提供：例如，技术手册、衰减曲线、或书面使用说明书等证明实际的最大透照厚度或焦点尺寸。2.2 Films 胶片Radiographs shall be made using industrial radiographic film type Agfa C7. 射线照相胶片应采用工业X线胶片Agfa C7。2.3 Intensifying Screens 增感屏: Lead Screens, see table as follows 铅增感屏见下表:Energy of Radiation Source放射源能量Front Screen Thickness (mm)前屏厚度Back Screen thickness (mm)后屏厚度80290kV 0.03 0.03 or 0.1 2.4Lead Symbol B 铅符号“B”A lead symbol B with minimum dimension of 13mm in height and 1.5mm in thickness shall be attached to the back of each film holder during exposure.铅符号B，最小尺寸为高13mm和厚度1.5mm，在曝光期间应贴在每个底片暗盒后面。2.5Image Quality Indicator ( IQI) 像质计The wire type IQI shall be manufactured and identified in accordance with the requirements or alternates allowed in SE-747. 线型像质计应根据要求进行使用，或应根据SE-747中允许的要求来选择确定。2.6 Densitometer and Step Wedge Comparison Film黑度计和阶梯校验黑度片2.6.1 During use, the densitometer shall be calibrated at least every 90 days with a national standard step tablet or a step wedge calibration film, traceable to national standard step tablet and having at least 5 steps with neutral densities from at least 1.0 through 4.0. 在使用过程中，每90天黑度计应按照一张国家标准黑度片或一张能追溯到国家标准黑度片的阶梯校验黑度片进行校验。此黑度片应至少有5个梯度，其黑度至少从1.0到4.0。2.6.2 If the densitometer has been calibrated properly, the density steps closest to 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 shall be read and not vary more than 0.05 density units from the actual density stated on the national standard step tablet or step wedge film. 如果黑度计已经被正确地校验过了，应该读出国家标准黑度片或阶梯黑度片上最近黑度1.0，2.0，3.0和4.0的读数并且和实际的读数的偏离不超过0.05。2.6.3The step wedge calibration film shall be verified by comparison with a standard step tablet and the verification checks shall be performed annually.阶梯黑度片应每年使用一个国家标准黑度片进行校验。2.6.4Periodic calibration periodic calibration verification checks shall be performed as described in 2.6.4 at the beginning of each shift, after 8 hr of continuous use, or after change of apertures, whichever comes first.在每班工作开始或连续使用8小时后或测量光圈改变时，无论上述哪一种情况，黑度计均应按2.6.4进行周期校验验证。3.0 Certification of Personnel 人员证书:Personnel Performing Radiographic Examinations shall be qualified and certified in accordance with Written Practice (SBET/ASME-11) which meets the requirement of SNT-TC-1A-2006.实施射线检验的人员应根据书面规程(SBET/ASME-11 Rev.0)要求，经鉴定合格授予资格证书。它必须满足SNT-TC-1A-2006的要求。4.0 Time and Extent Of Examination 检验的时间和范围:The time and extent of examination shall be as specified on the RT Instruction.检验的时间和范围应按射线照相检验工艺的规定。5.0 Technique of Radiographic Examination 射线照相检验的技术5.1 Surface Preparation 表面准备5.1.1 Surface irregularities or weld ripples on both inside (where accessible) and outside shall be removed so that such irregularities cannot mask or be confused with the image of any discontinuity.焊道波纹及内表面（可接近的）和外表面不规则均应采用适当的方法清理，任何不规则的状况不至于遮盖任何不连续的影象和影响射线照相检验结果的评定。5.1.2 Finished surfaces of all butt welded joints shall be flush with the base material or shall have reasonably uniform crowns, with reinforcement not to exceed the following on each face for boiler and pressure vessel respectively see table 1 and 2.Table 1 Maximum Reinforcement for Pressure Vessel 压力容器焊缝的最大余高Maximum Reinforcement 最大余高 (mm)Material thickness (mm)材料厚度Category B & C Butt WeldsB类和C类对接焊缝Other Welds其它焊缝Less than 2.4 小于 2.42.40.82.4 to 4.8, incl.3.21.6Over 4.8 to 13, incl.4.02.4Over 13 to 25 , incl.4.82.4Over 25 to 51, incl.53.2Over 51 to 76, incl.64Over 76 to 102, incl.66Over 102 to 127, incl.66Over 12788Table 2 Maximum Reinforcement for Boiler Parts表2 锅炉部件焊缝的最大余高Maximum Reinforcement 最大余高Material Nominal thickness材料厚度(mm)Circumferential Joint in Pipe and Tubing管道和管子环缝接头(mm)Other Welds其它焊缝(mm)Less than 3低于 32.52.5Over 3 to 5, incl.3.02.5Over 5 to 13, incl.4.02.5Over 13 to 25 , incl.5.02.5Over 25 to 50, incl.6.03.0Over 50 to 75, incl.Note 14.0Over 75 to 100, incl.Note 15.5Over 100 to 125, incl.Note 16.0Over 125Note 18.0 Note 1 : The greater of 6mm or 1/8 times the width of the weld in mm. 注1: 6毫米或焊缝宽度的1/8倍，二者取较大值Table 3 Maximum Reinforcement for Power Piping表3动力管道焊缝的最大余高Material Nominal thickness (mm)母材公称厚度Maximum Reinforcement 最大余高 (mm)Design Temperature 设计温度400 C175 C to 400 C6.4-9.50.250.209.5-12.70.330.2512.7-19.00.410.3319.0-25.40.510.4125.4-38.10.640.5138.1-50.80.810.64Wire IQI Designation, Wire Dia., and Wire Identity线型像质计的名称、线径和线号Set A A组Set B B组Wire Diameter and Wire Identity 线径和线号in. (mm)Wire Diameter and Wire Identity 线径和线号in. (mm)0.0032 (0.08) 10.010 (0.25) 60.004 (0.10) 2 0.013 (0.33) 70.005 (0.13) 3 0.016 (0.41) 80.0063 (0.16) 4 0.020 (0.51) 9 0.008 (0.20) 5 0.025 (0.64) 100.010 (0.25) 60.32 (0.81) 115.8.3 For welds with reinforcements. The thickness on which the IQI is based is the nominal single-wall thickness plus the estimated reinforcement not to exceed those permitted by Para. 5.1.2 (if not removed). Backing rings or strips are not to be considered as part of the weld or reinforcement thickness in IQI selection.带有余高的焊缝，像质计（IQI）放置处的厚度是公称单壁厚度加估计的余高，它不超过 5.1.2（如果不被磨去）允许的范围。衬环或衬带不被考虑为焊接厚度或在像质计选择时作为余高。For welds without reinforcements. The thickness on which the IQI is based is the nominal single-wall thickness. Backing rings or strips are not to be considered as part of the weld or reinforcement thickness in IQI selection. 对于没有焊接余高的焊件。像质计（IQI）放置处的厚度是单壁公称的厚度。选择像质计时，衬环或衬带不作为厚度的一部分来考虑。5.8.4 Requirements and Placement of film, IQI and marker胶片和IQI及标志的放置要求5.8.4.1 FilmThe type and trade mark should meet the requirements of this procedure and instruction. 胶片类型和商标标识应满足本程序和说明书的要求。The film is storage in a lightproof and sealed cassette. 胶片储存在防光的和密封的盒子。5.8.4.2 MarkerMarker shall be placed on the source side on the of the part being radiographed Their locations shall be permanently marked on the surface of the part being radiographed when permitted. Only in the special conditions that Markers display by drawings. The Marker on the film, indicating the area of interest on parts being radiographed (effective film length, the length of important evaluation area) is acquired.标志标志应放在放射源侧，在被放射部件上。当被允许时，它们的区域标记应永远在被放射的部件上。仅在特殊的条件下，标志才以图识表示。要求在胶片上标识被放射部件上的评估区域。（有效胶片长度，重要评估区的长度）Location Markers shall be placed as follow： 定位标识应按如下放置：(a) Source-Side Markers. 源侧标志(1) Flat components or longitudinal joints in cylindrical or conical components;平面零件或在圆柱体的或圆锥形的零件上的纵向接缝。(2) Curved or spherical component whose concave side is toward the source and when the“source-to-material” distance (focus F1) is less than the inside radius of the component; 曲面或球面形的零件，其凹面一侧对着射线源，而且射线源到材料的间距小于零件内半径（焦点 F1）。(3) Curved or spherical components whose convex side is toward the source.曲面或球面形的零件，其凸面一侧对着射线源。(b) Film Side Markers 片侧标志Location marker shall be placed on the film side when radiographing either curved or spherical components whose concave side is toward the source and when the “source-to-material” distance(focus F1) is greater than the inside radius. 当拍摄曲面或球面形零件时，其凹面一侧对着射线源，而且射线源到材料的距离（焦点 F1）大于零件的内径。(c) Either Side Markers 任意侧的标志Location markers may be placed on either the source side or film side when radiographing either concave side or spherical components whose concave side is toward the source and the“source-to-material” distance (focus F1) equals the inside radius of the component. 任何一侧的标志,当拍摄曲面或球面形零件时,如其凹面一侧对着射线源,而且射线源到材料的距离等于零件的内半径,则既可采用射线源一则标志,也可采用胶片一侧标志（焦点F1）.5.8.4.3 Placement of IQI 像质计的放置a) Source Side IQI. The IQI (s) shall be placed on the source side of the part being examined. If the wire type IQI (s) are used, they should be put on the weld surface near the end of radiographic effective areas. The wires should be put across the weld and be perpendicular to the direction of the weld with the thinner wires at the outside. The condition described on the below is an exception.线侧像质计。像质计应放置在部件的线侧受检区内。如果使用线型像质计，应被放在焊缝被检表面放射有效区域的一端，像质计钢线应穿过焊缝且与焊缝垂直较细线位于外侧。b) Film Side IQI (s).Where inaccessibility prevents hand placing the IQI (s) on the source side, it shall be placed on the film side in contact with the part being examined. Identification number (s) shall be placed adjacent to or on the IQI(s). The identification number(s) and the lead letter F shall not mask the area of interest. For the condition described in (1) or (2) below, the identification numbers and lead letter F may be placed in the area of interest. Others are as same as 5.8.4 a). 片侧像质计。 如果因为手无法伸入而无法把像质计（IQI）放在射源侧，像质计则应被放置在胶片一侧并应和受检零件贴合，同时在像质计的旁边或上面放置一个铅字 F。对于在（1）或（2）下面规定的条件，标识编号和字母可被放在评定区域。其它同 5.8.4 a).(1) When geometric configuration makes it impractical to place the IQI (s) as out lined in the above. 当由于几何结构，不可能将像质计放在上述位置上。(2) When the weld metal is not radiographiclly similar to the base material.焊缝金属与母材金属的射线透照的特性不相同时。c) IQI Location for Materials Other Than Welds. The IQI(s) with the IQI identification number(s), and the lead letter F, if used, may be placed in the area of interest.像质计区域对于材料除了焊材外，像质计，带有IQI标识编号和首字母“F”，如果使用，可以放在评定区域。d) Alternative Location for IQI(s)when configuration or size prevents placing the IQI(s) as described above, it may be placed on a separate block (or like part/product).对于像质计，选择区域，当结构或尺寸防止将像质计放在上面规定的区域，它可以放在每个单个区域（或像部件/产品）。5.8.5 Number of IQI(s) 像质计数量For components where one or more film holders are used for an exposure, at least one IQI image shall appear on each radiograph except as outlined in (b) below.对于在零件上采用一个或多个胶片进行透照曝光时，每个射线底片上至少应出现一个像质计影像，除了（b）中所述情况a) If the density requirements (Para.5.3) are met by using more than one IQI, one shall be representative of the lightest area of interest and the other the darkest area of interest; the intervening densities on the radiograph shall be considered as having acceptable density.如果使用多个象质计来满足段落5.3的要求，通过使用多个IQI，则一个象质计应代表最亮的区域,则另一个应代表最暗的区域,介于其间的底片黑度应认为是合格的。 b) For cylindrical vessel1) For cylindrical vessels where the source is placed on the axis of the object and one or more film holders are used for a single exposure of a complete circumference, at least three IQIs shall be spaced approximately 120 deg. apart. Where sections of longitudinal welds adjoining the circumferential weld are radiographed simultaneously with the circumferential weld, an additional IQI shall be placed on each longitudinal weld at the end of each section most remote from the junction with the circumferential weld being radiographed.圆筒形容器,如果射线源放在工件轴线上,用一只或多只胶片暗盒作周向一次曝光时,至少应使用三个像质计,彼此相隔大约120。 当与环缝邻接的纵缝部位与环缝同时照相时,应在每条纵缝离被照环缝接头最远的底片端部增加一个像质计。2) For cylindrical vessels w