大地测量学名词.doc

大地测量学来源：国家测绘局国土司 时间：2007-09-21 09:16【大中小】02.001大地测量geodetic surveying02.002几何大地测量学geometric geodesy02.003椭球面大地测量学ellipsoidal geodesy02.004大地天文学geodetic astronomy02.005物理大地测量学(又称“大地重力学”)physical geodesy02.006空间大地测量学space geodesy02.007卫星大地测量学satellite geodesy02.008动力大地测量学dynamic geodesy02.009海洋大地测量学marine geodesy02.010月面测量学lunar geodesy，selenodesy02.011行星测量学planetary geodesy02.012天文大地网(又称“国家大地网”)astro-geodetic network02.013参考椭球reference ellipsoid02.014贝塞尔椭球Bessel ellipsoid02.015海福德椭球Hayford ellipsoid02.016克拉索夫斯基椭球Krasovsky ellipsoid02.017参考椭球定位orientation of reference ellipsoid02.018大地基准geodetic datum02.019大地坐标系geodetic coordinate system02.020弧度测量arc measurement02.021拉普拉斯方位角Laplace azimuth02.022拉普拉斯点Laplace point02.023三角测量triangulation02.024三角点triangulation point02.025三角锁triangulation chain02.026三角网triangulation network02.027图形权倒数weight reciprocal of figure02.028菲列罗公式Ferreros formula02.029施赖伯全组合测角法Schreiber method in all combinations02.030方向观测法method of direction observation，method by series02.031测 回observation set02.032归心元素elements of centring02.033归心改正correction for centring02.034水平折光差(又称“旁折光差”)horizontal refraction error02.035基线测量base measurement02.036基线baseline02.037基线网base network02.038精密导线测量precise traversing02.039三角高程测量trigonometric leveling02.040三角高程网trigonometric leveling network02.041铅垂线plumb line02.042天顶距zenith distance02.043高度角elevation angle，altitude angle02.044垂直折光差vertical refraction error02.045垂直折光系数vertical refraction coefficient02.046国家水准网national leveling network02.047精密水准测量Precise leveling02.048水准面level surface02.049高程height02.050正高orthometric height02.051正常高normal height02.052力高 dynamic height02.053地球位数geopotential number02.054水准点benchmark02.055水准路线leveling line02.056跨河水准测量rivercrossing leveling02.057椭球长半径major radius of ellipsoid02.058椭球扁率flattening of ellipsoid02.059椭球偏心率eccentricity of ellipsoid02.060子午面meridian plane02.061子午圈meridian02.062卯酉圈prime vertical02.063平行圈parallel circle02.064法截面normal section02.065子午圈曲率半径radius of curvature in meridian02.066卯酉圈曲率半径radius of curvature in prime vertical02.067平均曲率半径mean radius of curvature02.068大地线geodesic02.069大地线微分方程differential equation of geodesic02.070大地坐标geodetic coordinate02.071大地经度geodetic longitude02.072大地纬度geodetic latitude02.073大地高geodetic height，ellipsoidal height02.074大地方位角geodetic azimuth02.075天文大地垂线偏差astrogeodetic deflection of the vertical02.076垂线偏差改正correction for deflection of the vertical02.077标高差改正correction for skew normals02.078截面差改正correction from normal section to geodetic02.079大地主题正解direct solution of geodetic problem02.080大地主题反解inverse solution of geodetic problem02.081高斯中纬度公式Gauss midlatitude formula02.082贝塞尔大地主题解算公式Bessel formula for solution of geodetic problem02.083高斯一克吕格投影GaussKruger projection又称“高斯投影”。02.084归化纬度reduced latitude02.085等量纬度isometric latitude02.086中央子午线central meridian02.087分带子午线zone dividing meridian02.088高斯平面子午线收敛角Gauss grid convergence02.089高斯投影距离改正distance correction In Gauss projection02.090高斯投影方向改正arctochord correction In Gauss projection02.091底点纬度latitude of pedal02.092高斯平面坐标Gauss plane coordinate02.093坐标方位角grid bearing02.094天文点astronomical point02.095基本天文点fundamental astronomical point02.096本初子午线prime meridian02.097经度起算点origin of longitude02.098极移polar motion02.099瞬时极instantaneous pole02.100平极mean pole02.101固定平极fixed mean pole02.102历元平极mean pole of the epoch02.103国际协议原点Conventional International Origin，CIO02.104地极坐标coordinates of the pole02.105地球自转参数earth rotation parameter，ERP02.106恒星时Sidereal time02.107世界时universal tim，UT02.108协调世界时coordinated universal time，UTC02.109天文年历astronomical ephemeris，astronomical almanac02.110FK4星表Fourth Fundamental Catalogue，FK402.111FK5星表Fifth Fundamental Catalogue，FK502.112天文坐标astronomical coordinate02.113天文经度astronomical longitude02.114天文纬度astronomical latitude02.115天文方位角astronomical azimuth02.116津格尔星对测时法（又称“东西星等高测时法”）method of time detemination by Zinger starpair02.117中天法transit method02.118恒星中天测时法method of time determination by star transit02.119塔尔科特测纬度法Talcott method of latitude determination02.120多星等高法equalaltitude method of multistar02.121北极星任意时角法method by hour angle of Polaris02.122时号time signal02.123平时式时号meantime signal02.124协调世界时时号time signal in UTC02.125收时time receiving02.126时号改正数correction to time signal02.127电波传播时延改正correction for radio wave propagation of time signal02.128轴颈误差error of pivot02.129人仪差personal and instrumental equation02.130星径曲率改正correction for curvature of star image path02.131重力位gravity potential02.132重力gravity02.133引力gravitation02.134离心力centrifugal force02.135引力位gravitational potential02.136离心力位potential of centrifugal force02.137正常引力位normal gravitational potential02.138正常重力位normal gravity potential02.139地球位geopotential又称“大地位”。02.140扰动位disturbing potential02.141正常重力normal gravity02.142正常重力线normal gravity line02.143正常重力公式normal gravity formula02.144扰动重力disturbing gravity02.145平均地球椭球mean earth ellipsoid02.146正常椭球normal ellipsoid02.147水准椭球level ellipsoid02.148大地测量参考系geodetic reference system02.149地心引力常数geocentric gravitational constant02.150地球长半径major semiaxis of the earth02.151地球扁率flattening factor for the earth，oblateness of the earth02.152地球自转角速度rotational angular velocity of the earth02.153地球重力模型earth gravity model02.154地球位系数potential coefficient of the earth02.155带谐系数coefficient of zonal harmonics02.156扇谐系数coefficient of sectorial harmonics02.157田谐系数coefficient of tesseral harmonics02.158克莱罗定理Clairaut theorem02.159大地测量边值问题geodetic boundary value problem02.160斯托克斯理论Stokes theory02.161斯托克斯公式Stokes formula02.162莫洛坚斯基理论Molodensky tneory02.163莫洛竖斯基公式Molodensky formula02.164布耶哈马问题Bjerhammar problem02.165布隆斯公式Bruns formula02.166费宁梅内斯公式VeningMeinesz formula曾用名“维宁曼乃兹公式”。02.167大地水准面geoid02.168调整大地水准面cogeoid又称“共大地水准面”。02.169似大地水准面quasigeoid02.170近似地形面telluroid02.17I大地水准面起伏geoldal undulation02.172大地水准面高geoldal height02.173高程异常height anomaly02.174天文水准astronomical leveling02.175天文重力水准astrogravimetric leveling02.176垂线偏差deflection of the vertical02.177绝对垂线偏差absolute deflection of the vertical02.178重力垂线偏差gravimetric deflection of the vertical02.179重力测量gravity measurement，gravimetry02.180微重力测量microgravimetry02.181绝对重力测量absolute gravity measurement02.182相对重力测量relative gravity measurement02.183航空重力测量airborne gravity measurement02.184重力梯度测量gravity gradient measurement，gradiometry02.185重力基线gravimetric baseline02.186重力点gravimetric point02.187基本重力点basic gravimetric point02.188世界重力基点worldwide gravimetric basic point02.189波茨坦重力系统Potsdam absolute gravimetric system02.190零漂改正correction of zero drift02.191重力潮汐改正correction of gravity measurement for tide02.192重力归算gravity reduction02.193空间改正freeair correction02.194地形改正topographic correction02.195法伊改正Faye correction02.196庞加莱改正Poincar correction02.197地壳均衡改正isostatic correction02.198布格改正Bouguer correction02.199重力异常gravity anomaly02.200布格异常Bouguer anomaly02.201空间异常freeair anomaly02.202混合重力异常mixed gravity anomaly02.203纯重力异常pure gravity anomaly02.204重力垂直梯度vertical gradient of gravity02.205重力水平梯度horizontal gradient of gravity02.206重力异常阶方差degree variance of gravity anomaly02.207协方差函数covariance function02.208固体潮solid Earth tide02.209固体潮观测observation of Earth tide02.210地倾斜观测ground tilt measurement02.211地壳形变测量crust deformation measurement02.212监测网monitoring network02.213引潮位tidegenerating potential02.214引潮力tidegenerating force02.215平衡潮equilibrium tide02.216载荷潮load tide02.217附加位additional potential02.218潮汐波tidal wave02.219潮汐频谱tidal spectrum02.220杜德森常数Doodson constant02.221勒夫数Loves number02.222志田数Shidas number02.223潮汐因子tidal factor02.224相位滞后phase lag02.225地球液核动力效应dynamic effect of liquid core of the earth02.226地球动力扁率dynamic ellipticity of the earth02.227地球动力因子dynamic factor of the earth02.228地壳均衡说isostasy hypothesis02.229地壳均衡isostasy02.230大陆漂移continental drift02.231板块运动plate movement02.232卫星大地测量几何法geometrical method of satellite geodesy02.233卫星大地测量动力法dynamical method of satellite geodesy02.234惯性坐标系inertial coordinate system02.235天球坐标系celestial coordinate system02.236轨道坐标系orbital coordinate system02.237地固坐标系bodyfixed coordinate System，earthfixed coordinate System02.238站心坐标系topocentric terrestrial coordinate system02.239地心直角坐标geocentric rectangular coordinate02.240地心经度geocentric longitude02.241地心纬度geocentric latitude02.242平移参数translation parameters02.243旋转参数rotation parameters02.244尺度参数scale parameter02.245大地测量卫星geodetic satellite02.246卫星轨道satellite orbit02.247受摄轨道disturbed orbit02.248卫星轨道升交点ascending node of satellite orbit02.249卫星轨道近地点perigee of satellite orbit02.250卫星轨道根数（又称“卫星轨道参数”） orbit elements of satellite02.251卫星轨道长半径semimajor axis of satellite orbit02.252卫星轨道偏心率eccentricity of satellite orbit02.253卫星轨道倾角inclination of satellite orbit02.254卫星升交点赤经right ascension of satellite ascending node02.255卫星轨道近地点幅角argument of perigee of satellite orbit02.256卫星过近地点时刻time of satellite perigee passing02.257平均运动mean motion02.258卫星高度satellite altitude02.259近地点高度altitude of perigee02.260卫星星下点subsatellite point02.261真近点角true anomaly02.262偏近点角eccentric anomaly02.263平近点角mean anomaly02.264轨道周期orbital period02.265卫星运动方程equation of satellite motion02.266摄动力disturbing force02.267摄动函数disturbing function02.268地球引力摄动terrestrial gravitational perturbation02.269日月引力摄动lunisolar gravitational perturbation02.270大气阻力摄动atmospheric drag perturbation02.271太阳光压摄动solar radiation pressure perturbation02.272潮汐摄动tidal perturbation02.273运动方程分析解analytical solution of motion equation02.274运动方程数值解numerical solution of motion equation02.275状态向量state vector02.276一阶摄动first order perturbation02.277二阶摄动second order perturbation02.278卫星共振分析analysis of satellite resonance02.279卫星轨道改进improvement of satellite orbit02.280照相观测camera observation，photographic satellite observation02.281卫星激光测距satellite laser ranging，SLR02.282卫星多普勒频移测量satellite Doppler shift measurement02.283卫星测高satellite altimetry02.284卫星射电干涉测量satellite radio interferometry02.285卫星跟踪卫星技术satellitetosatellite tracking02.286卫星跟踪站tracking station of satellite02.287卫星重力梯度测量satellite gradiometry02.288卫星三角测量satellite triangulation02.289同步观测simultaneous observation02.290同步平面synchronous plane02.291史密森天文台星表SAO Star catalogue02.292底片常数法method of plate constant02.293底片方位元素法method of plate orientation elements02.294闪烁误差error of scintillation02.295卫星相位差phase error of satellite02.296卫星光行差satellite aberration02.297卫星多普勒定位satellite Doppler positioning02.298多普勒单点定位Doppler point positioning02.299多普勒联测定位Doppler translocation02.300多普勒短弧法定位Doppler positioning by the short arc method02.301伪距测量pseudorange measurement02.302载波差频相位测量carrierbeat phase measurement02.303钟差clock offset，clock correction02.304钟速clock rate02.305双频信标double frequency beacon02.306粗码CoarseAcquisition Code，CA Code02.307精码Precise Code，P Code02.308频偏frequency offset02.309频漂frequency drift02.310多普勒计数Doppler count02.311广播星历broadcast ephemeris02.312精密星历precise ephemeris02.313吉尔平面Guier plane02.314电离层折射改正ionospheric refraction correction02.315对流层折射改正tropospheric refraction correction02.316相对论改正relativistic correction02.317甚长基线干涉测量very long baseline interferometry，VLBI02.318激光测月lunar laser ranging，LLR02.319整体大地测量integrated geodesy02.320误差理论theo