高一上unit1.doc

Unit 1 Friendship 一词汇 1. add n. addition 增加，附加物 n. adder 加法器1) 增加，附加Add more hot water , please. 2) 加，加起来If you add 4 to 3, you get 73) 补充说，又说I should like to add that we are pleased with the test result.【拓展】 1) add to = increase 增加2) add to. 把加到 3) add up 加起来 4) add up to 总计达， 加起来总和是。 Eg: The bad weather only adds to our difficult. He wrote down the weight of each stone and then added up all the weights. 【过关练习】 1) The heavy snow _ our difficulty with the project. A. added up to B. added C. added up D. added to 2) Please _ the numbers and Im sure they will _ more than 1000. A. add up; add B. add up ; add up C. add up; add up to D. add; add up 2. ignore 不理睬，忽视； Eg: I tried to tell her but she ignored me. 【拓展】 1） adj. ignorant （常和of, in 连用） 无知识的， 不知道的。 强调“不懂，不知” He is ignorant of Latin 2) n. ignorance 无知愚昧 Ignorance of the law is no excuse 不懂法律不能成为借口 【过关练习】 1） My children are always arguing. - _. A. Just ignore them B. Thats right C. Are you sure D. How old is the boy * 用ignore的适当形式填空 2）He _ the doctors advice and goes on smoking. 3) I was _ that the boss could be so strict. 4) His failure resulted from his _. 3cheat 1). V (常和into , of 连用)骗取，欺诈，作弊；逃脱，免于 2) n. 骗子（尤其是游戏或比赛中的）作弊者； 欺骗手段 【典型例句】 1） He always cheats at cards ; I never play with him. 2） He didnt play the game fairly - he cheated. 【拓展】 9cheat sb. . of sth. demand sb. . of sth. cure sb. . of sth. rob sb. . of sth. fool sb. . of sth. inform sb. . of sth. warn sb. of sth. accuse sb. of sth.【过关练习】 1） 这家银行昨晚被抢劫了很多现金。 The bank _ _ _ a lot of money last night. 2) 这个贼从这家商店偷了很多昂贵的画。 The thief _ many expensive pictures _ the shop. 3) 他因拒捕而受到控告。 He was _ _ resisting arrest. 4) 请通知学生们演讲的日前。 Please _ the students _ the date of speech. 5)医生们成功地救治了他的非典疾病。 The doctors _ him _ his SARS successfully. 4. reason 1) n.原因， 理由， 动机 2）n. 理智，道理, 判断力 【典型例句】 1) The reason why she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat. 2) The reason for this is that this plane is also a bicycle. 3）Theres a great deal of reason in his advice. 【过关练习】 1）The reason _ he was late was _ his car had broken down on the way. A. why; because B. that; because C. that; for D. why; that 2) This is the very reason _ he explained to me just now. A. why B. that C. for which D. of 3) He didnt turn up at the party _ some reasons. A. for B. because C. because of D. on 4) His failure was _ his laziness. A. because B. because of C. as a result D. the reason for 【拓展】 adj. reasonable 合理的 ； 通情达理的； You must really be reasonable, and prepared to cooperate. 适当的；不高的（价钱） Ten pounds for a good dictionary seems reasonable enough. 【类比延伸】 1） reason 决定做一件事或采取某种行动的理由； 解释或原谅某个行为的理由。 2） cause 产生某事结果的起因，动机，理由 3） excuse 托词，借口； 指为某行为而作的解释，可能是真的，也可是藉口 【过关练习】 用reason, cause, excuse, reasonable填空 5) What he said at the meeting was very _ and nobody was against him 6) You shouldnt find any _ for your laziness. 7) Who knows the _ for his being late? 8) The police had found out the _ of the big fire in the centre of the city. 5. share 1） n. (属于或由某人做的)部分， 一份， 股份，股票 2）v. （常与in连用） 共用， 分摊，共有 【典型例句】 1) We gave each of the five children an equal share. 2) They sell share in companies at the stock exchange. 3) They shared the sweets. 4) They share their joys and sorrows 【拓展】 1) share sth. with sb. 与某人共用某物 2) bear / take ones share of 负担的部分 【过关练习】 1） Let Harry play with your toys as well, Clare, you must learn to _ (2002年全国) A. support B. care C. spare D. share 2) It rained heavily. And it was very kind of him to _ his umbrella with me. A. use B. share C. take D. bring 二词组1. be concerned about 对关心，挂念， 关注某事 【典型例句】 1) The government should be concerned about unemployment. 2) We are rather concerned about fathers health. 【拓展】 concern oneself with /in 从事/参与某事 concern oneself about / for 担忧/关心。 as far as. be concerned 就。而言 as concerns 关于 feel/ show concern about /for 担心、关心、 挂念。 ones concern 某人关心的事 be concerned with 与有关 concerned adj. 有关的， 担心的 concernedly adv. 担忧的 concerning prep. 有关， 关于 【过关练习】 1） _ that he was no qualifications in business management , Ken plans to grasp the necessary skills by taking a part time course. A. Concerning B. Concerned C. Being concerned D. to concern 2) _ English is concerned , he is first in our class. A. As B. As soon as C. As far as D. Now that 2 go through 1） 经历，经受 2) 磨穿某物 3）仔细检查 4）顺利完成 【典型例句】 He is considering all that he has gone through. They went through our luggage at the customs. How long will it take you to go through the book? 【拓展】 go about set out to do sth. 着手干某事 go against 反对， 违背 go by 经过 go over 检查 go on with sth, 继续 go on to do sth. 继续干某事（不同的是）go on doing sth. 继续干某事（同一件事）go without sth. 没有某事也行 go wrong 出毛病 go away / out 出去，离开 go after sb./ sth. 追求某人 go mad 疯了go ahead. 做吧！干吧！go in for. 参加（考试或比赛）； 【过关练习】 1） Its ten years since the scientist _ his lifes work of discovering the valuable chemical. A. set out B. took off C. turned up D. went about 2) The early pioneers had to _ many difficulties to settle on the new land. A. go back on B. go through C. go into D. go along with 3) I cant _ the letter in an hour A. pass through B. go through C. take through D. come across 4) You have no idea what Ive had to _ during the last few months. A. come through B. go through C. cut through D. look through 5) I dont _ rock “ n” roll. Its much too noisy for my tastes. ( 2004年北京) Ago after B. go away with C. go into D. go in for 3 join in 参加某项（正在进行的）活动， 尤其指娱乐性活动，常代替take part in, 【典型例句】 They came out for their morning exercises, I also joined in. Why didnt Jim join in the conversation? 【类比延伸】 1） attend是正式用语，指参加会议或仪式、婚礼、典礼，听报告等 2） join指加入某个组织、团体，成为其成员之一。如 参军、入团、入党等 3） join in表示“参加正在进行的活动”， 如游戏、讨论、散步 4） take part in 指参加群众性的活动或会议，强调参加者的积极态度，并在活动中起作用 【过关练习】 1）Will you _ us in the discussion about the students burden of studies? A. attend B. join in C. take part in D. join 2) When did you _ the physical training team? A. join B. take part C. attend D. join in 3) A student began to sing a song, and soon someone else _. A. joined B. joined in C. took part in D. took 4) Did John _ the general cleaning yesterday afternoon? A. join B. attend C. take D. take part in 三句型1. While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. 【句型概括】 while walking the dog作状语，相当于while you were walking the dog 【拓展】 状语从句的省略： when, while , as , if , though, where, unless等连词引导状语从句中， 如果谓语动词有be， 而主语又跟主句的主语相同或成为it时， 则从句的主语和be常常省略。 【经典例句】 When (I was) in Japan, I took many beautiful pictures. While (I was) waiting, I read newspaper. He looks as if (he were) drunk. 【过关练习】 1.) When _ help, one often says “thank you” or “ Its kind of you”. (2005福建) A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered 2.)_ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. (2004湖北) A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared 3.) while watching television , _ (2005年全国2) A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings 4.) When _ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. ( 2006年浙江) A Compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared 2. but your friend cant go until he / she finishes cleaning the bicycle. 【句型概况】 not . until 结构。 until/ till在肯定句中表示动作的终点，在否定句中则表示动作的起点。until/ till与肯定的主句连用时，主句的谓语动词必须是持续动词，与否定的主句连用时，主句的谓语动词则为瞬间动词。 【典型例句】 I didnt wake up until I heard the alarm clock. Wait until the rain stops 【类比延伸】 1） not until 放在句首时必须用部分倒装语序 2） until/till时间状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时，用现在完成时代替将来完成时。 【过关练习】 1Simon thought his computer was broken _ his little brother pointed out that he had forgotten to turn it on .( 2005北京春季) A. until B. unless C. after D. because 2. We were told that we should follow the main road _ we reached the central railway station. ( 2004辽宁) A whenever B. until C. while D. wherever 3. She and her family hid away for two years before they were discovered. 【句型概况】 before 引导时间状语从句。 before con. 用以表示从句动作发生之前的时间,，译法灵活。 注意以下句型: it will be +时间段before. 得过多久才。 It wont be +时间段before. 用不了多久就。 It was时间段before. 过了多久之后才。 It wasnt long before 没过多久就。 【类比延伸】 1） It will be+ 时间段before 从句 （从句用一般现在时表将来） 要过多久才。 2）It is / has been + 时间段since从句 （从句常用一般过去时，动词是非延续性动词 3) It is + 时间状语 that. 强调句 4）It was +时刻+when从句 当。时，是。时间了。 【过关练习】 1. Did Jack come back early last night? - Yes. It was not yet eight oclock _ he arrived home. A. before B. when C. that D. until 2. Why didnt you tell him about the meeting? - He rushed out of the room _i could say a word . ( 2006四川) A. before B. until C. when D. after 3. The American civil war lasted four years _ the North won in the end. (2005广东) A. After B. before C. when D. then 四直接引语与间接引语引述别人的话时，一般采用两种方式：一是引用别人的原话，把它放在引号内，称为直接引语；二是用自己的话加以转述，被转述的话不放在引号内，称为间接引语。间接引语在大多数情况下是一个宾语从语。直接引语变成间接引语时，要注意以下几点：人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句语序。1. 直接引语是陈述句变为间接引语的方法 如果直接引语是陈述句，在变为间接引语时，由连词that引导（that可省略）。主句中如果有say to somebody（对某人说），通常变为tell somebody（告诉某人）。 He said, “I get on well with people here.” He said that he got on well with people there. Susan said, “We can finish the work tomorrow.” Susan said that they could finish the work the next day. John said to me, “I told her all about it three days ago.” John told me that he had told her all about it three days before. 【注意】如果直接引语是两个并列的陈述句，变为间接引语时，第一个宾语从句前的that有时可省略，但第二个宾语从句前的that不可省略。 He said, “I like swimming and I want to go swimming with you.” He said (that) he liked swimming and that he wanted to go swimming with us. 2. 直接引语是一般疑问句变为间接引语的方法 直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，要用连词whether 或if 引导，同时把原来的疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。主句中的谓语动词是said时，要改为asked，没有间接宾语时，还可根据具体情况加一个间接宾语，如me, us, him等。 The teacher said, “Will you be back today?” The teacher asked (him) if /whether he would be back that day. He asked, “Has the bell rung?” He asked if / whether the bell had rung. “Shall (Should) I tell her your telephone number?” he asked me. （表示询问、征求意见） He wanted to know if/whether he should tell her my telephone number. 【注意】 “Would you like to.?”和“Would you please.?” 表示的是请求，变为间接引语时，常用动词不定式形式。 “Would you like to help me with my lessons?” she asked me. She asked me to help her with her lessons. 3. 直接引语是特殊疑问句变为间接引语的方法 直接引语如果是特殊疑问句（即what, which, who, whom, whose, how, why, when, where, how many, how long等引导的疑问句），变为间接引语时，仍用原来的疑问词引导，但要把原来的疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。 He asked, “Who can carry the box?” He asked who could carry the box. (who作主语，语序不变) He asked, “Who is the man near the window?” He asked who the man near the window was.（who作表语，要改为陈述句语序） “Which one do you like best here?” he asked her. He asked her which one she liked best there. “How shall (should) I read the book?” she asked. （表示征询意见） She wanted to know how she should read the book.4. 直接引语是祈使句 变为间接引语时,要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式,并在不定式的前面根据语气需要使用ask, tell, order等动词,其句型是:ask/tell/order someone to do sth. “Speak English more often in and out of class,” our English teacher said to us. Our English teacher told /asked us to speak English more often in and out of class. 或者改成：Our English teacher suggested that we (should) speak English more often in and out of class. “Dont play football on the street, little boys.”, the policeman said. The policeman told the little boys not to play football on the street. （注意：此种情况的否定句，在动词不定式前加not。）My teacher asked me, Dont laugh.My teacher asked me not to laugh.“Would you please do me the favor to carry the box upstairs?” the young woman said to me. The young woman asked me to carry the box upstairs for her.5. 一些注意事项(1)直接引语是客观事实、普遍真理等，变成间接引语时，时态不变。例如：They told their son, The earth goes round the sun.They told their son that the earth goes round the sun.(2)直接引语变间接引语时， 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。如：this/that these/those, nowthen, todaythat day, yesterdaythe day before, last yearthe year before, agobefore, herethere等。例如：He said, I havent seen her today.He said that he hadnt seen her that day.注意：如果转述时就在原来的地方，就在说话的当天，就不必改变指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等。(3)间接引语一般要用陈述句的语序，即主、谓、宾的顺序。例如： He asked Lucy, Where did you go?He asked Lucy where she went.Tom said, What do you want, Ann?Tom asked Ann what she wanted.练习：一直接引语与间接引语练习将下列各句变为间接引语1. He told me “Our teacher asks you to go to the office at once”2. He said, “I cleaned the classroom this morning”3. They said, “We have seen the film.”4. He said to the boy “Dont draw on the wall”5. Mr. Black told Jane “Come to school on time tomorrow”6. He asked the policeman “How can I get there.”二将下列句中的间接引语变为直接引语1. The nurse told the children not to go there.2. They asked Mike to give