高考英语二轮复习 专题三 阅读理解 第三节 题组训练 2 科普知识课件

题组2科普知识 专题三阅读理解第三节题组训练 A 2017 河东区一模 Doyoueverwishforalittlemoretimetodoeverythingyouneedtodo Well onJuly1you llbegettingit butonlyonemoresecond OnJuly1atexactly7 59 59a m Beijingtime oronJune30at23 59 59UTC CoordinatedUniversalTime theworld satomic 原子的 clockswillpauseforasinglesecond or moreprecisely changetotheunusualtimeof7 59 60 Theadditionofaleapsecond 闰秒 announcedbytheParisObservatory istokeepourclocksintimewiththeslowingofEarth srotation 旋转 andastronomicaltimeasmeasuredbythesun Justoneextrasecondcouldcausebigproblemsandaffectthewaycomputersandwebsiteswork however Whenthelastleapsecondwasaddedbackin2012 morethanafewwebsiteshadsometrouble AsreportedbyPhys org popularsiteslikethecommunitywebsiteRedditcrashedwhentheleapsecondwasadded ForReddit theproblemwaseventuallyfoundtobewithaLinuxsystemthatgotconfusedwhenitcheckedthenetworktimeandfoundanextrasecond SpeakingtoWiredabouttheproblembackin2012 LinuxcreatorLinusTorvaldscommented Almosteverytimewehavealeapsecond wefindsomething It sreallyannoying becauseit scode 代码 thatisalmostneverused andthusnottestedbyusersundertheirnormalconditions Companieshavehadtothinkoftheirownsolutions andGoogle s leapsmear maybethebest knownexample AscompanyengineerChristopherPascoeexplainsinablogpost companiesusuallytrytofixtheproblembyturningbacktheclocksbyonesecondattheendofthedaysothattheyplaythatsecondagain However Pascoebelievesthiscreatesproblems Heasked Whathappens Doese mailthatcomesinduringthatsecondgetstoredcorrectly Googlehasasolution Cuttheextrasecondintomillisecondsandthenputthesetinyamountsoftimeintothesystemthroughouttheday Thismeansthatwhenitbecametimetoaddanextrasecondatmidnight saysPascoe Ourclockshavealreadytakenthisintoaccountoverthecourseoftheday FormanycompanieswithoutGoogle smoney however theleapsecondwilllikelystillcausesomecrashes Don tworry though atleastitwon tlastlong 语篇解读本文主要介绍了 闰秒 带来的影响及其解决方案 1 Whydoweneedtoaddaleapsecond A Theworld satomicclocksaresettodoso B Tokeepintimewiththeworld scomputers C TokeepatomicclocksintimewiththeslowingofEarth srotation D Torecordthechangestoastronomicaltime 解析细节理解题 根据文章第二段中 Theadditionofaleapsecond 闰秒 announcedbytheParisObservatory istokeepourclocksintimewiththeslowingofEarth srotation 旋转 andastronomicaltimeasmeasuredbythesun 可知 闰秒是由于地球自转变慢引起的 为了与由太阳测量的天文时间一致而增加一秒 故选C 答案 解析 2 3 1 4 5 2 WhathappenedtothewebsiteRedditwhentheleapsecondwasaddedin2012 A Itcrashedbecauseofavirusattack B Itsnetworktimeaddedtwoextraseconds C AllofthecodeinitsLinuxsystemwentwrong D Oneofitssoftwaresystemsgotconfusedandthesitebrokedown 解析细节理解题 根据第三段最后一句和第四段中 theproblemwaseventuallyfoundtobewithaLinuxsystemthatgotconfusedwhenitcheckedthenetworktimeandfoundanextrasecond 可知 闰秒发生时 网站崩溃 运行系统混乱 故选D 答案 解析 2 3 1 4 5 解析代词指代题 根据文章第五段中 wefindsomething It sreallyannoying becauseit scode 代码 thatisalmostneverused andthusnottestedbyusersundertheirnormalconditions 可知 something指代后文出现的一些从没使用过和测试过的代码 即代码不正常地工作 故选A 3 Whatdoestheunderlinedword something refertointhe5thparagraph A Thecodenotworkingproperly B Theextrasecond C Theproblem D Normalconditions 答案 解析 2 3 1 4 5 4 Howdocompaniesusuallydealwiththeproblemoftheextrasecond A Byshuttingdowncomputersattheendoftheday B Bystoppingreceivingemailsthatcomeinduringthatsecond C Byturningtheclocksbackbyonesecondattheendoftheday D Bycuttingtheextrasecondintomillisecondsthroughouttheday 解析细节理解题 根据第六段中 companiesusuallytrytofixtheproblembyturningbacktheclocksbyonesecondattheendofthedaysothattheyplaythatsecondagain 可知 解决额外一秒的做法是在一天结束时将时钟往回调一秒 故选C 答案 解析 2 3 1 4 5 5 What sChristopherPascoe sattitudetowardGoogle ssolutiontotheproblem A Unfavorable B Doubtful C Approving D Cautious 解析推理判断题 根据倒数第二段中 Thismeansthatwhenitbecametimetoaddanextrasecondatmidnight saysPascoe Ourclockshavealreadytakenthisintoaccountoverthecourseoftheday 可知 午夜时分多一秒时 时钟已经在白天将这一秒考虑在内了 所以Pascoe认同这个方法 故选C 答案 解析 2 3 1 4 5 B 2017 和平区一模 Soapingupyourhandsmaydomorethanjustgetridofgerms Itmaywashawaytheinnerconfusionyoufeelrightafterbeingforcedtomakeachoicebetweentwoappealingchoices accordingtoanewstudy Thestudybuildsonpastresearchintoaphenomenonknownas theMacbetheffect ItturnsoutthatShakespearewasreallyontosomethingwhenheimaginedLadyMacbethtryingtocleanherconscience 良心 byrubbinginvisiblebloodstainsfromherhands Afewyearsago scientistsaskedpeopletodescribeapastwrongact Ifpeoplewerethengivenachancetocleantheirhands theylaterexpressedlessguiltthanpeoplewhohadn tcleaned ThisfindingfascinatedW S Lee aresearcher Anythingfromthepast anykindofnegativeemotionalexperiences mightbewashedaway saysLee Hedecidedtotesthandwashing seffectononekindofbadfeeling thetensionwefeelafterbeingforcedtochoosebetweentwoattractivechoices becausepickingonechoicemakesusfeelthatwe velosttheother Peopleusuallytrytocalmthisinnerconflictbylaterexaggerating 夸大 thepositiveaspectsoftheirchoice Hehadstudentsrank10differentmusicCDs ThenheofferedstudentsoneCDasagift Somestudentsthenusedliquidsoap Othersonlylookedatthesoaporsniffed 嗅 it Actually youdonotneedwaterandsoap saysLee Later thestudentsagainhadtorankallthemusic Peoplewhodidn twashtheirhandshadthenormalresponse theyscoredtheirtake homeCDhigher suggestingthattheynowsawitasevenmoreattractivethanbefore Butthiswasn ttrueforthehandwashers Theyrankedthemusicaboutthesame Theyfeelnoneedatalltojustifythechoice saysLee Buttheimplicationsofitjustaren tclear Schwarzsaysit stoosoontoknowwhetherpeopleshouldheadforasinkaftermakingatoughchoice Hesayswashingmayhelpdecision makersbycleaningawaymentaldisorder butperhapsiftheydon tgothroughtheusualpost decisionprocessofjustifyingtheirchoice theymightfeelmoresorrowinthelongrun 语篇解读本文主要讲述了用香皂洗手会帮助人们缓解作决定时的紧张与不安的情绪 解析推理判断题 由第二段内容可知 人们在洗手后会感到良心上的愧疚感减轻 故选A 6 TheMacbetheffectreferstothefactthat A peoplefeellessashamedafterwashingtheirhandsB soapingupone shandmayhelpwashawaytheinnerconfusionandmakeadecisionC peoplefeellessguiltybygettingridofinvisiblegermsfromtheirhandsD ShakespearedidscientificresearchbeforewritingMacbeth 答案 解析 7 8 6 9 10 7 AccordingtoLee afterpeoplemakethechoice A theywilloverstatethegoodnessoftheirchosenchoiceB theywillfeelregretfulfornotchoosinganotherC theywillfeelfreeduetothefeelingoflosingtheotherchoiceD theywillthinknothingoftheirchosenchoiceanymoretocalmtheirinnerconflict 解析细节理解题 由第四段内容可知 在做出两个选项的选择后 人们通常会紧张不安 以夸大自己所选择的事物的优点来使内心平静 故选A 答案 解析 7 8 6 9 10 解析细节理解题 根据倒数第二段中的 Theyfeelnoneedatalltojustifythechoice saysLee 可知选B 8 AccordingtoLee thosehandwashersconsiderjustifyingtheirchoice A morescientificB unnecessaryC alittleconvincingD absolutelyuseless 答案 解析 7 8 6 9 10 9 WhatdoesSchwarzneedtoresearchmore A Whetherpeopleneedtojustifytheirchoice B Whetherpeoplefeelmoresorrowafterwashinghands C Whetherwashinghandshelpoveralongperiodoftime D Whetherwashinghandsishelpfultomakeachoice 解析细节理解题 通过最后一段内容可知 洗手从长远看是否有作用还需要更多的研究 故选C 答案 解析 7 8 6 9 10 10 Whatmightbethemostsuitabletitleforthepassage A IsWashingHandsNecessarytoDefeatTension B WashingHandsWashesOurMindC WashingHandsHelpsMakeaBetterChoiceD WashingHandsReducestheStressofDecision 解析标题归纳题 根据第一段内容以及整篇文章的介绍可知 本文主要讲洗手能够减轻作决定的压力 故选D 答案 解析 7 8 6 9 10 C 2017 南开区三模 Youknowthesaying You reasyoungasyoufeel Well theremaybesometruthinthat accordingtoresearchersatHarvardandtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology EllenLanger aHarvardpsychologistwhostudieshowthemindinfluencesthebody andhercolleaguesreviewedthescientificliteratureforevidencethataperson sperceptionoftheiragemightinfluencetheirhealth TheypublishedtheirresultsinthejournalPerspectivesonPsychologicalScience InonestudythatLangerled 47womenhadtheirhairdone Thewomenwhothoughttheirnewhairdos 发型 madethemlookyoungerdidlookyoungertoobjectiveobservers whowereshownbefore and afterpictures Thewomenwhothoughttheylookedyoungeralsoshowedadropinbloodpressure Anotherstudyinvolving4 421menfoundthatthosewhobecamebald 秃顶 atarelativelyyoungageweremorelikelytogetcancerandheartdiseasethanmenwhodidnot Similarly anotherstudyinvolving2 017menfoundthatthosewholosttheirhairearlyweremorelikelytodevelopheartdisease Webelievethatthefeelingsassociatedwithbeingolderthanone srealageaccountforsomeofthesehealthoutcomes theresearcherswrote Theresearchersalsodescribedstudieswhichfoundthatwomenwhohadchildrenlaterinlifeweremorelikelytobehealthierandlivelongerthanthosewhohadchildrenearly whichtheyattributedtothefactthatthesemotherstendtospendmoretimewithyoungerwomen Similarly peoplewhomarryyoungerpartnerstendtolivelongerthanthosewhomarryolderpartners accordingtootherstudies Takentogether theresearchsupportsthegeneralmind bodyhypothesis 假说 thatwhenayoungermindisprepared ayoungerbodycanaccompanyit Whilethemechanism 机制 remainsunclear theresearchersfiguredthatsuggestionsassociatedwithagingcanmakeoneunconsciouslyorconsciouslyawareofoldageandsetinmotionaseriesofphysiologicalprocessesthatcanhaverealeffectsonshort termandlong termhealth 语篇解读本文为说明文 题材为科普知识类 觉得自己更年轻的人更健康也活得更长 解析词义猜测题 由第一段第一句中的 You reasyoungasyoufeel 及第二段第一句中的 howthemindinfluencesthebody 可推测出答案 11 Theunderlinedword perception inParagraph2means A viewB appearanceC influenceD creation 答案 解析 12 13 11 14 15 12 WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtoParagraph3 A Bloodpressureiscloselyrelatedtohairdos B Feelingolderthanone srealagemaybetiedtohealthproblems C Gettingcancerorheartdiseaseisthecauseofhairlosing D Thewomenwholovehairdoslookyoungerthanthosewhodon t 解析细节理解题 由第三段列举的三项研究的结果及最后一句话的总结可知选B 答案 解析 12 13 11 14 15 解析推理判断题 由该段中举的例子可推知选C 13 ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph4that A ayoungermotherismorelikelytolivelongerB theyoungeroneofacouplelivesmuchlongerC oftenstayingwithyoungerpeoplecanbenefitpeople shealthD peoplewhowanttolivelongerneedtomarryyoung 答案 解析 12 13 11 14 15 解析主旨大意题 由第一段第一句中的 You reasyoungasyoufeel 和最后一段第一句中的 theresearchsupportsthegeneralmind bodyhypothesis 假说 thatwhenayoungermindisprepared ayoungerbodycanaccompanyit 可知 人们对自己年龄的认知可能会影响健康 故选D 14 Thepassagemainlytellsusthat A gettingbaldtooearlyisnotgoodforhealthB womenhadbettergivebirthlaterintheirlifeC peoplewhomarryyoungerpartnerstendtolivelongerD people sviewoftheiragemayhaveaneffectontheirownhealth 答案 解析 12 13 11 14 15 15 Fromwhichpageofanewspaperisthepassagemostprobablytakenfrom A Entertainment B Health C Economy D Politics 解析文章出处题 本文是关于健康的 故最有可能出自报纸上的健康专栏 故选B 答案 解析 12 13 11 14 15 D 2017 河西区二模 Whenyouwanttothrowsomethingoutas junk bettertakeasecondthoughtasitmaybeofgreatvalue Infact scientistsmadethesamemistakewithDNAyearsago andnowtheyaretryingtogetitright WeoftensaythatDNAisakindofacidthatcontainsourgenes Butthetruthisthatgenesonlymakeup1to2percentofourDNA whichcausedscientiststobelievethattherestofitisuseless Nevertheless insteadofdoingnothing junkDNA asitiscalled turnedouttobeplayinganimportantpartinourbody Ifgenesarelikelightbulbs thenjunkDNAactsasswitches Theycontrolwhichgenesareusedinacellandhowactivetheyare Forexample theycandeterminewhetheracellbecomesalungcelloraneuron 神经元 Thestudy publishedinthejournalNatureonSeptember5 startedin2003 and442scientistsfrom30labsaroundtheworldwereinvolved accordingtoReuters Itisconsideredthebiggestbreakthroughingenomics 基因学 inadecadebecauseitmighthelpscientistsfindthecauseofcertaindiseases Ithaslongbeenknownthatmanycomplicateddiseases suchascancer arecausedbytinychangesinDNA Butnowscientistsrealizethatmostofthechangesoccurnotinthegenesthemselves butinthe junk partoftheDNA Theyareabletokeeptrackofhowandwhytheswitcheschangeandthenfigureoutnewtreatmentsanddrugs OurformerunderstandingofDNAwaslikegettingapictureofEarthfromspace EricLanderfromtheBroadInstitute US toldTheNewYorkTimes Youknowtheplanetisthere butyoucannotseeexactlywhatit slikeonthesurface Butnowwiththenewstudyresult youcanfollowtheroadsandseethetrafficcirculation That sexactlythesamewaywewillusethisdataincancerresearch explainedMarkRubinfromWeillCornellMedicalCollegeinNewYork 语篇解读本文主要介绍了垃圾DNA其实在我们的身体中也扮演着重要的角色 解析标题归纳题 本文主要介绍了垃圾DNA其实在我们的身体中也扮演着重要的角色 这是医学上的一个新发现 故选C 16 Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage A DNA TheCauseofCancerB WhatIsDNA C ANewDiscoveryfor JunkDNA D AMisunderstandingofGenes 答案 解析 17 18 16 19 20 17 Whatdoestheunderlin