2007-2012年研究生学位英语考试真题(部分).docx

2007年1月PART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each) Tall people earn considerably more money throughout their lives than their shorter co-workers, with each inch adding about US$789 a year in pay, according to a new study. Height 41 career success, says Timothy Judge, a University of Florida professor of management, who led the study. These findings are troubling since, with a few 42 , such as professional basketball, no one could argue that height is something essential required for job 43 , Judge points out. Judge analyzed results of four large-scale studies in the US and Britain that followed thousands of people from childhood to adulthood, examining details of their work and personal lives. If you take this 44 the course of a 30-year career, were talking about literally hundreds of thousands of dollars of earnings 45 that a tall person enjoys, Judge said. Greater height boosted both subjective ratings of work performance-a supervisors 46 of how effective someone is- and 47 measures of performance-such as sales volume. Being tall may boost self-confidence, improving performance. Other people may also give higher 48 and greater respect to a tall person, giving them an edge in negotiating states, he says. The commanding influence of height may be a remainder of our evolutionary 49 . Maybe from a time when humans lived among animals and size was 50 power and strength used when making fight or run decisions. 41. A. makes out B. works in C. takes on D. matters for 42. A. cases B. exceptions C. examples D. problems 43. A. performance B. operation C. condition D. environment 44. A. on B. with C. over D. to 45. A. deficiency B. advantage C. loss D. necessity 46. A. imagination B. decision C. judge D. evaluation 47. A. relative B. absolute C. objective D. initiative 48. A. state B. status C. situation D. statue 49. A. origins B. sources C. courses D. organizations 50. A. a time in B. a hold on C. a work at D. a sign ofPART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage One At the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), a student loaded his class notes into a handheld e-mail device and tried to read them during an exam: a classmate turned him in. At the University of Nevada at Las Vegas (UNLV) students photographed test questions with their cellphone cameras and transmitted them to classmates. The university put in place a new examination-supervision system. If theyd spend as much time studying, theyd all be A students, says Ron Yasbin, dean of the College of Sciences of UNLV. With a variety of electronic devices, American students find it easier to cheat. And college officials find themselves in a new game of cat and mouse. They are trying to fight would-be cheats in the exam season by cutting off Internet access from laptops, demanding the surrender of cellphones before tests or simply requiring that exams be taken with pens and paper. It is annoying. My hand-writing is so bad, said Ryan Dapremont, 21 who just finished his third year at Pepperdine University in California. He had to take his exams on paper. Dapremont said technology has made cheating easier, but plagiarism (剽窃) in writing papers was probably the biggest problem. Students can lift other peoples writings off the Internet without attributing them. Still, some students said they thought cheating these days was more a product of the mindset, not the tools at hand. Some people put too much emphasis on where theyre going to go in the future, and all theyre thinking about is graduate school and the next step, said Lindsay Nicholas, a third-year student at UCLA. She added that pressure to succeed sometimes clouds everything and makes people do things that they shouldnt do. Some professors said they tried to write exams for which it was hard to cheat, posing questions that outside resources would not help answer. Many officials said that they rely on campus honor codes. They said the most important thing was to teach students not to cheat in the first place.51. One student at UCLA was found cheating _. A. when he was loading his class notes into a handheld e-mail device B. when he was trying to tell the answers to his classmates C. after the university put in place a new examination-supervision system D. after his classmate reported his cheating to the authority 52. According to Ron Yasbin, all the cheating students _. A. should be severely punished for their dishonesty B. didnt have much time to study before the exam C. could get the highest grades if they had studied hard enough D. could be excused because they were not familiar with the new system 53. To win the new game of cat and mouse in examinations, the college officials have to_. A. use many high-tech devices B. cut off Internet access on campus C. turn to the oral exanimation forms D. cut off the use of high-tech devices54. According to Ryan Dapremont, _. A. examinations taken with pens and paper were useless in fighting cheating B. his examination paper was under-graded because of his bad hand-writing C. cheating was more serious in writing papers than in examinations D. it was more difficult for him to lift other peoples writings off the Internet55. Which of the following is probably the most Significant measure to fight cheating? A. Putting less emphasis on where the students are going to go in the future. B. Letting students know that honesty is more important. C. Writing examinations for which it is hard to cheat. D. Setting up more strict campus honor codes.56. The best title of the passage might be_. A. Cheating Has Gone High-tech B. Game of Cat and Mouse C. A New Examination-supervision System D. Measures to Fight Against DishonestyPassage Two Top marathon runners tend to be lean and light, star swimmers are long thighs with huge feet and gold medal weightlifters are solid blocks of muscle with short arms and legs. So, does your physical shape-and the way your body works-fit you for a particular sport? Or does your body develop a certain way because of your chosen sport? Its about 55:45, genes to the environment, says Mike Rennie, professor of clinical physiology at Britains University of Nottingham Medical School. Rennie cites the case of identical twins from Germany, one of whom was a long-distance athlete, the other a powerful sportsman, so, They look quite different, despite being identical twins. Someone whos 1.5-meters tall has little chance of becoming an elite basketball player. Still, being over two meters tall wont automatically push you to Olympic gold. Unless you have tactical sense where needed, unless you have access to good equipment, medical care and the psychological conditions, and unless you are able to drive yourself through pain, all the physical strength will be in vain, said Craig Sharp, professor of sports science at Britains Brunel University. Jonathan Robinson, an applied sports scientist at the University of Baths sports development department, in southwest England, points to the importance of technique. In swimming only 5-10 per cent of the propelling force comes from the legs, so technique is vital. Having the right physique for the right sport is a good starting point. Seventeen years ago, the Australian Institute of Sport started a national Talent Search Program, which searched schools for 14-16-year-olds with the potential to be elite athletes. One of their first finds was Megan Still, world champion rower. In 1987, Still had never picked up an oar in her life. But she had almost the perfect physique for a rower. After intensive training, she won gold in womens rowing in the 1996 Atlanta Olympics. Other countries have followed the Australian example. Now the explosion of genetic knowledge has meant that there is now a search, not just for appropriate physique but also for performance genes.57. It can be concluded from the passage that_. A. physical strength is more important for sportspersons success B. training conditions are more important for sportspersons success C. genes are more important for sportspersons success D. psychological conditions are more important for sportspersons success58. The case of identical twins from Germany shows that_. A. environment can help determine peoples body shape B. genes are the decisive factors for peoples body shape C. identical twins are likely to enjoy different sports D. identical twins may have different genes for different sports59. Which of the following is NOT mentioned by Craig Sharp as a required quality for a sportsperson to win an Olympic gold medal? A. The physical strength. B. The right training conditions. C. The talent for the sports. D. The endurance for pains.60. Seventeen years ago Megan Still was chosen for rowing because_. A. she had the talent for rowing B. her body shape was right for a rower C. she had the performance genes D. she was a skillful rower61. The word elite in Paragraph 5 means _ . A. the most wealthy B. the most skilled C. the most industrious D. the most intelligent 62. The elite athletes of the future may come from people who naturally possess_. A. the best body shapes and an iron purpose B. the extremes of the right physique and strong wills C. the right psychological conditions and sports talents D. the right physique and genes for sports Passage Three For years, a network of citizens groups and scientific bodies has been claiming that science of global warming is inconclusive. But who funded them? Exxons involvement is well known. ExxonMobil is the worlds most profitable corporation. It makes most of its money from oil, and has more to lose than any other company from efforts to tackle climate change. To safeguard its profits, ExxonMobil needs to sow doubt about whether serious action needs to be taken on climate change. But there are difficulties: it must confront a scientific consensus as strong as that which maintains that smoking causes lung cancer or that HIV causes Aids. So whats its strategy? The website E, using data found in the companys official documents, lists 124 organizations that have taken money from the company or work closely with those that have. These organizations take a consistent line on climate change: that the science is contradictory, the scientists are split, environmentalists are liars or lunatics, and if governments took action to prevent global warming, they would be endangering the global economy for no good reason. The findings these organizations dislike are labeled junk science. The findings they welcome are labeled sound science. This is not to claim that all the science these groups champion is bogus. On the whole, they use selection, not invention. They will find one contradictory study - such as the discovery of tropospheric (对流层的) cooling - and promote it relentlessly. They will continue to do so long after it has been disproved by further work. So, for example, John Christy, the author of the troposphere paper, admitted in August 2005 that his figures were incorrect, yet his initial findings are still being circulated and championed by many of these groups, as a quick internet search will show you. While they have been most effective in the United States, the impacts of the climate-change deniers sponsored by Exxon have been felt all over the world. By dominating the media debate on climate change during seven or eight critical years in which urgent international talks should have been taking place, by constantly seeding doubt about the science just as it should have been most persuasive, they have justified the money their sponsors have spent on them many times over.63. Which of the following has NOT been done by the organizations to establish their position on climate change? A. Damaging the reputation of environmentalists. B. Emphasizing the lack of consensus among scientists. C. Stressing the unnecessary harm to tile global economy. D. Protecting the scientific discoveries from being misused.64. Which of the following is closest in meaning to bogus (in Paragraph 4)? A. Reasonable. B. Fake. C. Limitless. D. Inconsistent.65. John Christy is mentioned to show_. A. how closely these organizations work with scientists B. how these organizations select scientific findings for their own purpose C. how important correct data are for scientists to make sound discoveries D. how one mans mistake may set back the progress of science66. The organizations sponsored by Exxon _. A. have lived up to their promises B. have almost caused worldwide chaos C. have failed to achieve their original goal D. have misunderstood the request of the sponsor67. The passage is mainly focused on_. A. Exxons involvement in scientific scandals B. Exxons contributions to the issue of climate change C. Exxons role in delaying solutions to global warming D. Exxons efforts to promote more scientific discoveries68. What is the authors tone in presenting the passage? A. Factual. B. Praiseful. C. Biased. D. Encouraging.Passage Four Where anyone reaching the age of 60 was considered to be near deaths door at the turn of the 20th century, it is barely old enough for retirement at the turn of the 21st century. And scientists are still not holding back. They say that as new anti-ageing treatments become available, our species will get even older. While few would argue that living longer is an attractive idea, the rapid increase in the number of years begs a question: Can our health expectancy be as close as possible to our life expectancy? Predictions for future health expectancy have changed over the past few decades. In the 1980s, life expectancy was increasing but the best data suggested that for every increased year of life expectancy, a greater fraction was disabled life expectancy. What we would see was a piling up of chronic illness and related disability which medical science couldnt prevent. But that world view changed suddenly in the early 1990s with the publication of a study by researchers at Duke University, who had been following the health of 20,000 people for almost a decade. They showed that disability among the elderly was not only dropping, but it was doing so at an ever-increasing rate. Arian Richardson, director of the Barshop Institute for Ageing and Longevity research, predicts that understanding the mechanisms behind calorie restriction and other genetic reasons behind ageing could be used within the next two decades to give people several extra healthy years of life. Restrict how much an animal eats, for example, and it will live longer. In lab experiments, rats on calorie-restricted diets were found to be physiologically younger, got diseases later in life and, at any rate, had less severe cases. From the models that have been looked at, the increase in lifespan is usually in the range of 15-30% maximum, says Richardson. Cutting calories is thought to trigger a switch in an animals behaviour from normal to a state of stasis in which growth and ageing are temporarily put on hold. When food becomes available again, the animals behaviour switches back. Richardson says that thinking about stopping ageing is a little bit silly at the moment but doesnt dismiss it altogether, arguing that none of the illnesses related to ageing should be inevitable. Start with a high-quality body (and that means eating your greens, not smoking and doing lots of exercise in your younger days) and you can keep it going for longer with high quality maintenance. Itll be like the difference between a Rolls-Royce and a cheap car.69. It can be seen from the first paragraph that people have doubts on whether _. A. is possible to live a longer healthy and life B. humans can live as long as scientists predict C. living longer is still considered a good idea D. new anti-ageing treatments are safe for humans70. In the 1980s, the data on peoples health expectancy_. A. gave an optimistic prediction B. showed an unclear future C. led to a pessimistic perception D. turned out to be a mixed blessing71. In the lab experiment on rats,_. A. food restriction is not the only factor proved to have worked B. responses to food restriction vary from animal to animal C. the animals lifespan increases with the amount of food eaten D.different amounts of food cause a change in the animals behavior72. Richardson believes that_. A. it is impossible for humans to stop ageing B. it is worthless to talk abou