高考英语 阅读理解基础练习精品题（20）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解基础练习精品题（20）及答案阅读理解london（reuters）- britain needs to spend up to one billion pounds a year to protect easily destroyed english wildlife habitats from climate change, intensive（集约）farming and population growth, a government-backed report said on friday.it urged the government to transform conservation policy in the next 40 years to avoid a devastating loss of the countryside that supports thousands of important plants, trees and animals. british ecologist john lawton, who led the year-long study, said englands wildlife habitats are too small and isolated to protect many species from increased strains in coming decades. creating a stronger, better connected network of well-managed habitats will cost between 600 million pounds and 1.1 billion pounds each year, the report estimated（估计）. failure to act could lead to the loss of areas rich with diverse species, such as meadows, wiids and rivers, the report said. centuries of human activity have helped to shape these habitats and they will need ongoing management if they are to survive, it said. the united nations called on world leaders this week to take bold action to preserve animal and plant species. it says the world is facing the worst losses since the dinosaurs vanished 65 million years ago. england has at least 55,000 species, including significant levels of bats, bumblebees, wildfowl and mature oak trees. the pace and scale of environmental change over the last 50 years was worrying and is likely to get worse, the report said. future threats include extreme weather, droughts（干旱）, rising sea levels and the loss of areas like wet grasslands to farming to feed a growing population, the report said. its authors made 24 recommendations to create stronger habitats. the measures include better management of habitats, setting up new ecological restoration zones and improved water quality and flood protection17according to the passage, which of the following is not the cause of the loss of wildlife habitats?aclimate changebpopulation growthcintensive farmingddecreasing habitats18the underlined word “meadows” in paragraph 7 probably means .aa species of animals bmountainscpieces of grasslanddforests19what can we infer from the text? asome wet grasslands were lost probably because of extreme weather.bengland has at least 55,000 endangered species.cbetter management of habitats will probably lead to stronger habitats for wildlife.dengland has taken measures to protect its wildlife habitats.20what is the main idea of the text?athe british government will transform conservation policies in the next 40 years.bbritain must act now to save wildlife habitats.cthe experts called on the world leaders to protect wildlife habitats.dsome british ecologists made a study of wildlife. 1720、dccb c52013陕西卷 dabout 30 years ago, i left cuba for the united states with my son. after getting settled finally in brunswick, new jersey, i enrolled(注册) my son in kindergarten. several weeks later, my sons teacher asked me to meet him at his office.in the teachers office, an exchange of greetings was followed by his questions：“is your son mentally retarded(弱智的)? does he suffer from any kind of mental disability？”was he talking about my wonderful scola? no, no, it cant be. what a helpless, lonely moment! i told him that scola was a quiet, sweet little boy, instead. i asked him why he was asking me all these questions.my son could not follow the teachers directions, he told me, and thus, scola was disrupting the class. didnt he know my son did not speak english yet?he was angry：“why hasnt your son been taught to speak english? dont you speak english at home？”no, i didnt speak english at home, i replied. i was sure my son would learn english in a couple of months, and i didnt want him to forget his native language. well, wrong answer! what kind of person would not speak in english to her son at home and at all times? “are you one of those people who come to this country to save dollars and send them back to their country, never wanting to be a part of this society？”needless to say, i tried to tell him i was not one of “those people”. then he told me the meeting was over, and i left.as i had expected, my son learned to speak english fluently before the school year was over. he went on to graduate from college and got a job, earning close to six figures. he travels widely and leads a welladjusted, contented life. and he has benefited from being bilingual(双语的)speaking more than one language allows people to communicate with others; it teaches people about other cultures and other placessomething very basic and obviously lacking in the “educator” i met in new jersey.57the teacher asked the author to his office _ato discuss scolas inclass performancebto get scola enrolled in kindergartencto find a language partner for scoladto work out a study plan for scola58what does the underlined word “disrupting” in paragraph 4 probably mean?abreaking. bfollowing.cattending. ddisturbing.59the authors attitude towards being bilingual may best be described as _acritical bcasualcpositive dpassive60this text is likely to be selected from a book of_amedicine beducationcgeography dhistory【要点综述】 本文作者通过说明自己儿子学习语言的过程和他最后的成功经历，说明了“双语”学习的重要性。57a推理判断题。根据第二和第四段可知，学校老师让作者去学校的目的是为了探讨作者的儿子在学校的表现，选a。58d词义猜测题。disrupting所在句子的意思是：他告诉我，我儿子经常不按老师的指令做，他经常干扰课堂。由此可知此处该词的意思是“干扰”，选d。59c推理判断题。通读最后一段可知作者对于“双语”学习持积极、肯定的态度，选c。60b推理判断题。本文探讨的是关于孩子的教育问题，由此可以推断出本文选自教育类书刊，选b。mr. peter johnson, aged twenty-three, battled for half an hour to escape from his trapped car yesterday when it landed upside down in three feet of water. mr. johnson took the only escape routethrough the boot(行李箱). mr. johnsons car had finished up in a ditch(沟渠) at romney marsin, kent after skidding on ice and hitting a bank. “fortunately, the water began to come in only slowly,” mr. johnson said. “i couldnt force the doors because they were jammed against the walls of the ditch and dared not open the windows because i knew water would come flooding in.” mr. johnson, a sweet salesman of sitting home, kent, first tried to attract the attention of other motorists by sounding the horn and hammering on the roof and boot. then he began his struggle to escape. later he said, “it was really a half penny that saved my life. it was the only coin i had in my pocket and i used it to unscrew the back seat to get into the boot. i hammered desperately with a hammer trying to make someone hear, but no help came.” it took ten minutes to unscrew the seat, and a further five minutes to clear the sweet samples from the boot. then mr. johnson found a wrench(扳子) and began to work on the boot lock. fifteen minutes passed by. “it was the only chance i had. finally it gave, but as soon as i moved the boot lid, the water and mud poured in. i forced the lid down into the mud and scrambled clear as the car filled up.” his hands and arms cut and bruised(擦伤), mr. johnson got to beckett farm nearby, where he was looked after by the farmers wife, mrs. lucy bates. huddled in a blanket, he said, “that thirty minutes seemed like hours.” only the tips of the car wheels were visible, police said last night. the vehicle had sunk into two feet of mud at the bottom of the ditch. 5. what is the best title for this newspaper article?a. the story of mr. johnson, a sweet salesman b. car boot can serve as the best escape route c. driver escapes through car boot d. the driver survived a terrible car accident 6. which of the following objects is the most important to mr. johnson?a. the hammerb. the coin. c. the screw. d. the horn. 7. “finally it gave” (paragraph 5) means that _. a. luckily the door was torn away in the end b. at last the wrench went broken c. the lock came open after all his efforts d. the chance was lost at the last minute 8. it may be inferred from the passage that _. a. the ditch was along a quiet country road b. the accident happened on a clear warm day c. the police helped mr. johnson get out of the ditch d. mr. johnson had a tender wife and was well attended 58、cbca c62013浙江卷 ano one knows for sure when advertising first started. it is possible that it grew out of the discovery that some people did certain kinds of work better than others did them. that led to the concept of specialization, which means that people would specialize, or focus, on doing one specific job. lets take a man well call mr. fielder, for example. he did everything connected with farming. he planted seeds, tended the fields, and harvested and sold his crops. at the same time, he did many other jobs on the farm. however, he didnt make the bricks for his house, cut his trees into boards, make the plows(犁), or any of the other hundreds of things a farm needs. instead, he got them from people who specialized in doing each of those things. suppose there was another man we shall call mr. plowright. using what he knew about farming and working with iron, mr. plowright invented a plow that made farming easier. mr. plowright did not really like farming himself and wanted to specialize in making really good plows. perhaps, he thought, other farmers will trade what they grow for one of my plows. how did mr. plowright let people know what he was doing? why, he advertised, of course. first he opened a shop and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers. that sign may have been no more than a plow carved into a piece of wood and a simple arrow pointing to the shop door. it was probably all the information people needed to find mr. plowright and his really good plows. many historians believe that the first outdoor signs were used about five thousand years ago. even before most people could read, they understood such signs. shopkeepers would carve into stone, clay, or wood symbols for the products they had for sale. a medium, in advertising talk, is the way you communicate your message. you might say that the first medium used in advertising was signs with symbols. the second medium was audio, or sound, although that term is not used exactly in the way we use it today. originally, just the human voice and maybe some kind of simple instrument, such as a bell, were used to get peoples attention. a crier, in the historical sense, is not someone who weeps easily. it is someone, probably a man, with a voice loud enough to be heard over the other noises of a city. in ancient egypt, shopkeepers might hire such a person to spread the news about their products. often this earliest form of advertising involved a newly arrived ship loaded with goods. perhaps the crier described the goods, explained where they came from, and praised their quality. his job was, in other words, not too different from a tv or radio commercial in todays world. 41what probably led to the start of advertising? athe discovery of iron. bthe specialization of labor. cthe appearance of new jobs. dthe development of farming techniques. 42to advertise his plows, mr. plowright _. apraised his plows in public bplaced a sign outside the shop chung an arrow pointing to the shop dshowed his products to the customers43the writer makes up the two stories of mr. fielder and mr. plowright in order to_. aexplain the origin of advertising bpredict the future of advertising cexpose problems in advertising dprovide suggestions for advertising44in ancient egypt, a crier was probably someone who _. a. owned a shipb. had the loudest voicec. ran a shop selling goods to farmersd. functioned like todays tv or radio commercial45the last two paragraphs are mainly about_. a. the history of advertising b. the benefits of advertisingc. the early forms of advertising d. the basic design of advertising【要点综述】 什么是广告，广告的目的是什么？它最早是怎么开始的呢？在文章中作者将会告诉我们一些有关广告历史的故事。让我们读文章去了解一下吧。41b 考查细节理解。从文章第一段“no one knows for surethat led to the concept of specialization”可知劳动的专业化导致广告的开始，故答案应该选b项。42b考查细节理解。从文章第四段“and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers.”可知，他放了一块标牌在外面以吸引顾客，所以选b项。43a考查推理判断。从第五段“many historians believe that the first outdoor signs were used five thousand years ago. even before most people could read, they understood such signs. shopkeepers would carve into stone, clay, or wood symbols for the products they had for sale.”知，作者通过上面列举的两个例子，阐述广告最有可能的起源，所以答案选a项。44d考查推理判断。从全文最后一段“a crier, in the historical sensein other words, not too different from a tv or radio commercial in todays world.”知，古代的crier如同现代社会电视和广播中的商业代言人，所以选d项。45c考查段落大意。从“a medium, in advertising talk, is the way you communicate your message.”和“a crier, in the historical sense, is not someone who weeps easily”知，最后两段主要讨论了古代商业广告的模式，所以选c项。 interest in pursuing international careers has risen in recent years, as a result of chronic (长久的 ) personnel shortages that are causing companies to search beyond their home borders for talent. professionals seek career experience outside of their home countries for a variety of reasons. they may feel the need to recharge their batteries with a new challenge. they may want a position with more responsibility that encourages creativity and initiative. or they may wish to expose their children to another culture, and the opportunity to learn a second language. when applying for a job, one usually has to submit a resume or curriculum vitae (cv). the two terms generally mean the same thing: a one- or two-page document describing ones educational qualifications and professional experience. however, guidelines for preparing a resume are constantly changing. the best advice is to find out what is appropriate regarding the corporate (公司) culture, the country culture, and the culture of the person making the hiring decision. the challenge will be to embrace two or more cultures in one document. the following list is a good place to start. educational requirements differ from country to country. in almost every case of “cross-border” job hunting, just stating the title of your degree will not be an adequate description. provide the reader with details about your studies and any related experience. pay attention to the resume format you use chronological or reverse-chronological order. chronological order means listing your “oldest” work experience first. reverse-chronological order means listing your current or most recent experience first. most countries have preferences about which format is most acceptable. if you find no specific guidelines, the general preference is for t