MT检测中英对照操作规程.doc

Revision LanguagePage-en7/7HTWT 600 040ABB Alstom PowerHTWT 600 040Responsible departmentTake over departmentRevisionDoc.-type:File no.:HGE- PAPrepared:CheckedApprovedLanguagePage00-03-31 Th. Ebner00-03-31 R. Schibli00-03-31 M. Foersteren1/7Valid for:Derived fromReplacesDatasetHGnewHTWT_600040_0.DOCTest Instruction 试验指导Magnetic Particle Inspection of welds according ASME regulations 焊缝磁粉探伤TextPA-WeldsDocument-No.HTWT 600 040 Content: 目录1Area of Application应用范围12Scope范围13Reference Documents参考文件24General Examination Requirements通用检验要求34.1Personnel qualification人员资格34.2Surface condition表面状态35Extending of Spot Check抽检的比例增加36Method of Testing试验方法37Type of Magnetization, Equipment and Materials磁化类型、设备、材料38Examination Coverage检验覆盖度59Preparation and Cleaning of Areas to be tested被检验区域的准备和清洁510Technique技术510.1Yoke Technique磁轭技术510.2Prod Technique触头技术511Performance性能612Evaluation of Indications磁痕评定613Acceptance Standards验收标准714Repair of Defects缺陷修补715Calibration Equipment校准设备716Post Examination Cleaning检验后的清洁817Review审查818Report报告819Storage and Distribution储存及分发81Area of ApplicationThis procedure is to be used for magnetic particle examination (MT) of welding joints when ASME Code applies or is specified as reference. 本程序适用于应用ASME规范或以ASME规范为参考的焊缝磁粉探伤。2 Scope范围This procedure outlines the inspection method and acceptance standard for detecting flaws and discontinuities in welds and base metal of ferromagnetic material by magnetic particle examination.本磁粉探伤程序包括磁粉探伤法检验焊缝和铁磁材料制成的母材中的缺陷和不连续性的检验方法及验收标准。3Reference Documents参考文件- ASME V, Art. 7 (1995),- ASME VIII, Div. 1, App. 6 (1995),- ASNT SNT-TC1A 1992 edition.4General Examination Requirements通用检验要求4.1Personnel qualification人员资格MP II as per SGZP, M2 as per DGZfP, MT 2 as per EN 473, Level II as per SNT-TC-1A.Other qualifications must be approved by ABB. 其他等级资格必须获得ABB的批准4.2Surface conditionThe surface quality must be in a matter that there is no negative influence on the inspection.表面状态应不影响检验。The surface of the weld and the nearby surface up to 25 mm (1 in.) shall be clean and free from spatters, loose scale, excessive rust and dirt. 焊缝表面及周围25 mm (1 in.)的区域应干净无飞溅物、疏松的氧化皮和过多的锈蚀和灰尘。5Extending of Spot Check抽检比例的增加If only spot checks are required according the drawing following increase of the scope of examination are required if one or more inadmissible defects are detected:如果图纸上仅要求做抽检，则在检查出一处或多处超标缺陷后应按照下述要求增加抽检的比例：Spot check抽检%102025501st 增加抽检比例%2040501002nd 增加抽检比例%401001003rd 增加抽检比例%100Should inadmissible defects be detected during spot checks, the 1st, 2nd or 3rd becomes into effect until thelast extension test indicates no inadmissible defects.如抽检中发现超标缺陷，应按照1st, 2nd, 3rd 增加抽检比例直到未发现超标缺陷为止。6Method of Testing 试验方法The magnetic particle examination shall be done by the continuous method and wet method, means the magnetizing current remains on while the examination medium is being applied and while excess of the examination medium runs off. In principle, this method involves magnetizing an area to be examined, and applying ferromagnetic particles within a fluid carrier (the examination medium) to the surface. The particles will form patterns on the surface where cracks and other discontinuities cause distortion in the normal magnetic field. 应用湿法连续技术进行磁粉检验，这意味着在施加检验介质和多余的检验介质流掉的过程中磁化电流一直不间断。其原理是使被检验区域磁化，并将载液（检验介质）中的铁磁性粉末施加到此区域的表面上，此时表面上有裂缝及其他不连续性的地方因使正常磁场产生畸变而使磁粉构成一定的图形。The usage of dry magnetic powder must be approved by ABB Alstom Power. 干磁粉的使用应获得ABB Alstom Power的批准。7Type of Magnetization, Equipment and Materials 磁化类型、设备和材料- Yoke magnetization or magnetization using prods shall be used for detecting discontinuities.应采用磁轭磁化或触头磁化法检测不连续性。- The magnetizing equipment shall be either a 磁化设备可以是：- C-shaped electromagnet yoke, which induce a magnetic field between the poles (legs) and is used for local magnetization. The yoke may have articulated legs to allow to be adjusted to contact irregular surfaces or two surfaces that join at an angle. and / or C字形的电磁铁磁轭，载两个极头（触头）间感生磁场，并用作局部磁化。磁轭可能有活络关节的头子（极），以有利于与圆弧 形表面或有一定夹角的两个表面的接触良好。和/或- Prods including power transformer. The prod tips should be aluminum, copper braid or copper pads. Open-circuit voltage should not exceed 25V. 触棒。触棒触头应是铝、铜编织物或铜极板。开路电压不超过25V。- The magnetizing force of a yoke (created by AC, half-wave rectified AC or full-wave rectified AC) shall be tested as per paragraph 15 herein. 一个磁轭的磁化力（由AC, 半波整流AC 或全波整流AC产生的）应按照第15段进行测试。- The magnetic strength of the prod magnetizing should be adjusted according paragraph 15. herein. 触棒磁化的磁化强度应按照第15 段进行调整。- The magnetic particles should be such that maximum contrast is obtained between indication and background. Both, colored and fluorescent magnetic particles are admissible. To improve the contrast between magnetic particle and surface it is allowed to use a suitable white background color. Hereby the thickness may not exceed 40mm。磁粉应使磁痕和背景的对比达到最大。彩色磁粉和荧光磁粉都可以用。为了提高磁粉和表面的对比，可以使用合适的白色背景。此时厚度可能不超过40mm。- Either oil or water can be used as liquid vehicle. If oil is used, this should be a light petroleum distillate. The oil must be easy to remove and should be not leave any undesirable residues color. If water is used as the liquid vehicle, it must be ensured that the surface is properly wetted and protected against corrosion.The test medium shall be prepared according the instruction of the manufacturer.可以采用油载液或水载液。如果采用油载液， 油载液应是石油馏出物， 应容易被擦掉并不留下任何不允许的颜色。如果采用水载液，则应保证将表面正确打湿并不使表面产生腐蚀。应按照制造商的要求准备试验介质。8Examination Coverage 检验覆盖度- The areas to be tested and the extent of test by the magnetic particle method are specified on the drawings. 要检验的区域和用磁粉探伤的范围见图纸。- If no areas are specified on the drawing 100% of the weld surface plus 25 mm (1 in.) of adjacent material shall be inspected. 如图纸上未注明要检验的区域，则100%的焊缝表面和25 mm (1 in.)的临近材料都应检验。9Preparation and Cleaning of Areas to be tested 检验区域的准备和清洁a) All surfaces to be examined and adjacent areas. shall be smooth and clean of all rust, scale, flux, weld spatter, oil, grease and other contaminants that could obscure surface openings or otherwise interfere with the examination. It shall not be necessary to grind or machine areas unless irregularities will mask the indication of defects. 被检验的表面及临近区域内应是平滑、干净无锈蚀、氧化皮、焊剂、焊接飞溅物、油、油脂和其他可能堵塞表面开孔的污染物或妨碍检验的污染物。除非不连续性会遮盖缺陷显示时才要打磨或加工表面。b) Immediately prior to examination, all areas to be tested shall be thoroughly cleaned by wiping with a lint free clean cloth saturated with acetone and thoroughly dried by removing the excess with a lint free clean cloth, and allowing the remainder to evaporate for a minimum of five (5) minutes before any penetrant is applied. 在检验之前，所有被检验区域应用不起毛、浸有丙酮的干净布彻底擦干净，并用不起毛的干净布将多余的磁粉彻底擦干，在施加渗透剂之前让剩下的磁粉至少蒸发5分钟。c) Should the time span between cleaning and examination exceed three (3) hours, the area shall be re-cleaned in accordance with step b). 如果清洁和检验相隔的时间超过3个小时，则应按照步骤b） 重新做清洁。10Technique 技术10.1Yoke Technique 磁轭技术- Magnetization is accomplished by a portable yoke. The legs of yoke shall be in contact with surface of examined area and the leg spacing shall not exceed the maximum used for calibration (see para.15).由一个便携式磁轭将被检验区磁化。磁轭的触头与被检验区的表面接触，触头间距应不超过校准时的最大间距（见第15段）。- A remote control switch built into the yoke handle shall be used to turn the magnetizing current on after the yoke has been properly positioned. The current shall he ”on” for approximate 4 seconds.将磁轭正确就位后应用磁轭手柄中内装的遥控开关接通磁化电流。磁化电流应持续4秒左右。- The yoke produces a local longitudinal magnetization in the direction of legs contact location to the surface. Discontinuities oriented perpendicular to this magnetic field will be preferably detected.磁轭在触头与表面相接触的位置产生局部纵向磁化。与此磁场垂直的不连续性将会更好地检查出来。- Number of magnetization shall be at least two separate examinations on each area. During the second examination, the lines of magnetic flux shall be approximately perpendicular to those used during the first examination. 各区域至少应分别进行两次检验，第二次检验时的磁力线方向应与第一次检验时的磁力线方向近似垂直。10.2Prod Technique 触头技术- The magnetizing current is passed through the prods and into the area of the part in contact with the prods. This establishes a circular magnetic field in the part around and between each prod electrode.磁化电流通过触头并进入与触头接触的部位。这样就在每个触头极的周围和之间的部位形成环形磁场。- A remote control switch may be built into the prod handles should be provided to permit the current to be turned on when the prods are placed on the surface and off before removing them.将触头就位后用触头手柄中内装的遥控开关接通磁化电流，将触头移开前用触头手柄中内装的遥控开关切断磁化电流- Extreme care should be taken to maintain clean prod tips to minimize heating at the contact points. Arc burns and local overheating have to be prevented due to possible adverse effects on material properties. It is not allowed using prods on or near machined surfaces or close to painted surfaces.触头尖端应保持清洁以减少接触位置处的热量。应避免产生电弧灼伤和局部过热现象，因为这些现象会对材料的性能产生负作用。不允许将锄头放在靠近机加工面处或靠近刷漆面处。Number of magnetization shall be at least two separate examinations on each area. During the second examination, the lines of current flux shall be approximately perpendicular to those used during the first examination. 各区域至少应分别进行两次检验，第二次检验时的磁力线方向应与第一次检验时的磁力线方向近似垂直。- A magnetizing current of 90 to 110 A per 25mm (1 in.) prod-distance is recommended. Prod spacing should not exceed 200mm and not less than 75 mm (3 in.) If a Hall effect probe is used for determination of the field strength (see paragraph 15), it shall be placed on the surface midway between the prods. 每触头间距25mm (1 in.)的磁化电流建议为90 110 A。触头间距不应超过 200mm，不应小于75 mm (3 in.)。如果用霍尔效应探头测量磁场强度（见第15段）则应将探头放在触头的中间位置处。11Performance性能- According the required practice for continuous method the magnetization current is applied as long as the suspension is being applied and until the excess has run off. 根据连续磁化技术的实践，在施加悬浮物和多余的悬浮物流掉的过程中磁化电流应一直不间断。- In order to recognize the broad, fuzzy, lightly held magnetic particle produced by subsurface discontinuities, it is essential to observe carefully the formation of indications while the suspension is being applied, and also while the excess runs off. Adequate lighting shall be provided for easy observation of the indications. 为了辨认由表面下不连续性产生的宽的、模糊的、轻轻吸附的磁粉，在施加悬浮物和多余的悬浮物流掉的过程中应仔细观察磁痕的形成。应提供足够的照明以观察磁痕。- Depending on the type of magnetic particle used, following requirements referring illumination and intensity of black light have to be fulfilled: 对于不同的磁粉，应满足下述有关照明和黑光灯强度的要求：colored magnetic particle 彩色磁粉:min 500 lx (recommended: 1000 lx)fluorescent magnetic particle 荧光磁粉:max 20lx and 1000mW/cm2- If dry powder is used (approval required, see paragraph 6) apply the powder after the area to be examined is magnetized by lightly dusting a small quantity over the surface and then removing the excess with a gentle air stream. The air stream shall be so controlled that it does not disturb or remove lightly held powder. 如使用的是干磁粉（应获得批准，见第6段），则当零件被磁化后，将干粉以一种轻而均匀的粉末状态铺展到被检零件的表面上，多余的干磁粉用轻柔的空气流吹掉。应控制气流以免破坏或吹掉轻轻吸附的磁粉。- The maximum temperature for the inspection is limited by the manufacturer of the magnetic particle and/or the appropriate suspension used. If the inspection temperature exceeds 50C for wet method or 100C for dry method a manufactures certificate for the temperature limitation of his product is required.检验的最高温度由磁粉的制造商和/或所用的适当悬浮物而确定。如果湿粉法探伤的温度超过50C或干粉法探伤的温度超过100C，则制造商应提供其温度限制证明。12Evaluation of Indications磁痕评定- Mechanical discontinuities at the surface will be indicated by the retention of the examination medium. All indications are not necessarily defects, however, since excessive surface roughness, certain metallurgical discontinuities and magnetic permeability variations may produce similar indications which are not relevant to the detection of unacceptable discontinuities.表面的机械不连续性将通过滞留的检验介质显示出来。但是，不是所有的磁痕都一定是缺陷，因为表面过分粗糙、某些冶金不连续和磁导率的变化等都可能产生类似的但不是不合格不连续性的磁痕。- Any indication above the acceptance level of paragraph 13, which is believed to be non-relevant shall be regarded as a defect and shall be reexamined by the same nondestructive examination method to verify whether or not actual defects are present. Surface conditioning may precede the reexamination. After an indication has been verified to be non-relevant, it is not necessary to reinvestigate repetitive non-relevant indications of the same type. Non-relevant indications that would mask indication of defects are unacceptable. 任何不符合第13段所说的验收标准的要求的但被认为是不计为缺陷的磁痕都应被视作是缺陷，并用同一方法再检验和证明是否存在真正的缺陷。当一个磁痕被证明是不计为缺陷的磁痕后就没有必要对其他同类型的不相关磁痕再进行检验。可能遮盖缺陷的不计为缺陷的磁痕是不合格的。- Relevant indications are indications which result from unacceptable mechanical discontinuities. Linear indications are indications in which the length is more than three times the width. Rounded indications are indications which are circular or elliptical with the length less than three times the width.相关显示是由不合格机械不连续性引起的。线性磁痕是指长度大于宽度三倍的磁痕。圆形磁痕是指长度等于或小于宽度三倍的圆形或椭圆形磁痕。- An indication is the evidence of a mechanical imperfection. Only indications which have any dimension greater than 1.6mm (1/16 in.) shall be considered relevant。磁痕是机械缺陷的证据。只有尺寸大于1.6mm (1/16 in.)的磁痕才是相关磁痕。13Acceptance Standards验收标准These acceptance standards shall apply unless other more restrictive standards are specified for specific materials or applications within this division 除对本版本范围内的特殊材料或应用更严格的标准规定外，都应采用这些验收标准。All surfaces to be examined shall be free of: 所有被检验的表面不应有：- relevant linear indications, 算做缺陷的线性磁痕。- relevant rounded indications greater than 4.8mm (3/16 in.), 大于4.8mm (3/16 in.的算做缺陷的圆形磁痕- four or more relevant rounded indications in a line separated by 1.6 mm (1/16 in.), or less, edge to edge,在同一直线上有4个或更多个等于或小于1.6 mm (1/16 in.)（边缘至边缘）的算做缺陷的圆形磁痕- an indication of an imperfection may be larger than the imperfection that causes it; however, the size of the indication is the basis for acceptance evaluation.缺陷的磁痕可能大于引起磁痕的缺陷，然而磁痕的尺寸是验收评定的基础。14Repair of Defects缺陷的修补Repair of defects shall be made in accordance to an approved repair procedure. 应按照批准的修补程序修补缺陷。15Calibration Equipment 校准设备- The magnetizing equipment shall be calibrated at least once a year, or whenever the equipment has been subjected to major electrical repair, periodic overhaul or damage. If equipment has not been in use for a year or more, calibration shall be done prior to first use.磁化设备至少每年校验一次。每次进行磁化设备的大型电气修理，周期大修或损坏时应校验磁化设备，如果磁化设备已一年或一年以上没有使用过，第一次使用前应校验设备。- Each alternating current (AC) electromagnetic yoke shall have a lifting power of at least at the maximum pole spacing used. 当使用磁轭最大间距时，每个交流电磁磁轭至少应有45N (10Lbs)的提升力。- Each weight shall be weighed with a calibrated scale. 加载的每一个称重应用一校准称称量。- Instead of testing the lifting power it is also a common practice to measure the tangential field strength by a Hall effect probe/sensor. For the measurement of the field strength the manufactures instructions should be follow carefully. 除了测试提升力，用霍尔效应探头/感应器测量切向磁场强度也是一种常用的方法。测