高考英语阅读理解抓分精品训练（39）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解抓分精品训练（39）及答案阅读理解many trees in the brackham area were brought down in the terrible storms that march. the town itself lost two great lime trees from the former market square. the disappearance of such striking features had changed the appearance of the town centre entirely, to the annoyance of its more conservative inhabitants(居民).among the annoyed, under more normal circumstances, would have been chief inspector douglas pelham, head of the local police force. but at the height of that weeks storm, when the wind brought down even the mature walnut tree in his garden, pelham had in fact been in no fit state to notice. a large and healthy man, he had for the first time in his life been seriously ill with an attack of bronchitis.when he first complained of an aching head and tightness in his chest, his wife, molly, had tried to persuade him to go to the doctor. convinced that the police force could not do without him, he had, as usual, ignored her and attempted to carry on working. predictably, though he wouldnt have listened to anyone who tried to tell him so, this had the effect of fogging his memory and shortening his temper.it was only when his colleague, sergeant lloyd, took the initiative and drove him to the doctors door that he finally gave in. by that time, he didnt have the strength left to argue with her. in no time at all, she was taking him along to the chemists to get his medicine and then home to his unsurprised wife who sent him straight to bed.when molly told him, on the thursday morning, that the walnut tree had been brought down during the night, pelham hadnt been able to take it in. on thursday evening, he had asked weakly about damage to the house, groaned(含糊不清地说) thankfully when he heard there was none, and pulled the sheets over his head.it wasnt until saturday, when the medicine took effect, his temperature dropped and he got up, that he realised with a shock that the loss of the walnut tree had made a permanent difference to the appearance of the living-room. the pelhams large house stood in a sizeable garden. it had not come cheap, but even so pelham had no regrets about buying it. the leafy garden had created an impression of privacy. now, though, the storm had changed his outlook.previously, the view from the living-room had featured the handsome walnut tree. this had not darkened the room because there was also a window on the opposite wall, but it had provided interesting patterns of light and shade that hid the true state of the worn furniture that the family had brought with them from their previous house.with the tree gone, the room seemed cruelly bright, its worn furnishings exposed in all their shabbiness. and the view from the window didnt bear looking at. the tall house next door, previously hidden by the tree, was now there, dominating the outlook with its unattractive purple bricks and external pipes. it seemed to have a great many upstairs windows, all of them watching the pelhams every movement.“doesnt it look terrible?” pelham whispered to his wife.but molly, standing in the doorway, sounded more pleased than dismayed. “thats what ive been telling you ever since we came here. we have to buy a new sofa, whatever it costs.”6.why were some people in brackham annoyed after the storm?a. no market could be held.b. the police had done little to help.c. the town looked different.d. fallen trees had not been removed.7.in the third paragraph, what do we learn about chief inspector pelhams general attitude to his work?a. he finds it extremely annoying. b. is sure that he plays an important role.c. considers the systems are not clear enough. d. he does not trust the decisions made by his superiors.8.what aspect of the pelhams furniture does “shabbiness” in paragraph 8 describe?a. its condition. b. its colour. c. its position. d. its design.9.as a result of the storm, the pelhams living-room _.a. was pleasantly lighter b. felt less privatec. had a better view d. was in need of repair10.why did molly sound pleased by her husbands comment?a. it proved that he was well again. b. she agreed about the tree.c. she thought he meant the sofa. d. it was what she expected him to say.参考答案cbabc c8 2013湖北卷 ea german study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse.the paper, published this march in psychology and aging, examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40，000 germans between ages 18 and 96.the surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.survey respondents (受访者) were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, among other questions.the researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middleaged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction.not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would, the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period.“we observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade，” wrote frieder rlang, a professor at the university of erlangennuremberg.lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.“seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions (预防措施)，” the authors wrote.surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.the authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions.illness, medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.however, the researchers said a pattern was clear.“we found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic，” the authors concluded.67according to the study, who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction?aoptimistic adults. bmiddleaged adults.cadults in poor health. dadults of lower income.68pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people _ato fully enjoy their present lifebto estimate their contribution accuratelycto take measures against potential risksdto value health more highly than wealth69how do people of higher income see their future?athey will earn less money.bthey will become pessimistic.cthey will suffer mental illness.dthey will have less time to enjoy life.70what is the clear conclusion of the study?apessimism guarantees chances of survival.bgood financial condition leads to good health.cmedical treatment determines health outcomes.dexpectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.【要点综述】 本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述对未来过于乐观的人将面对残疾或死亡的巨大危险。在研究中，研究人员发现，年轻人对未来过于乐观，中年人对未来的预测很准确，而老年人相对低估。随着年龄的增长，人们对未来的预测越来越现实。67b 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“while middleaged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.”知，中年人对未来预测得更准确。故b正确。68c 细节理解题。根据第六段中的“people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions ”知，对未来悲观的人可能在行动时更小心、更谨慎。句中的be more careful about与take measures against potential risks一致。故c正确。69a 细节理解题。根据第八段中的“respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.”知，身体好、收入高的人认为，他们的收入在未来将会下降，即挣的钱少了。故a正确。70d 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的内容可知，研究人员认为有一点很清楚：从少年到成年，每个人都在调整自己对未来生活的满意度，从乐观，到适度到悲观。故d正确。long after the 1998 world cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing(咒骂) thedisputed refereeing (裁判) decisions that denied victory to their team. a researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees. the researcher organized an experimental tournament (锦标赛) involving four youth teams. each match lasted an hour, divided into three periods of 20 minutes during which different referees were in charge. observers noted down the referees errors, of which there were 61 over the tournament. converted to a standard match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost 23mistakes, a remarkably high number. the researcher then studied the videotapes to analyse the matches in detail. surprisingly, he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident. when the officials got it right, they were, on average, 17 meters away from the action. the average distance in the case of errors was 12 meters. the research shows the optimum (最佳的) distance is about 20 meters. there also seemed to be an optimum speed. correct decisions came when the referees were moving at a speed of about 2 meters per second. the average speed for errors was 4 meters per second. if fifa, footballs international ruling body, wants to improve the standard ofrefereeing at the next world cup, it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on the action from a distance, rather than rushing to keep up with the ball, the researcher argues. he also says that fifas insistence that referees should retire at age 45 may be misguided. if keeping up with the action is not so important, their physical condition is less critical.11.the experiment conducted by the researcher was meant to _.a. reexamine the rules for football refereeing b. analyse the causes of errors made by football refereesc. set a standard for football refereeingd. review the decisions of referees at the 1998 world cup12.the findings of the experiment show that _.a. errors are more likely when a referee keeps close to the ballb. the farther the referee is from the incident, the fewer the errorsc. the more slowly the referee runs, the more likely will errors occurd. errors are less likely when a referee stays in one spot13.the word “officials” (line 2, para. 4) most probably refers to _.a. the researchers involved in the experiment b. the inspectors of the football tournamentc. the referees of the football tournament d. the observers at the site of the experiment14.what is one of the possible conclusions of the experiment?a. the ideal retirement age for an experienced football referee is 45.b. age should not be the chief consideration in choosing a football referee.c. a football referee should be as young and energetic as possible.d. an experienced football referee can do well even when in poor physical condition.参考答案 bacb psychology(心理学) has a new application in the field of medicine. many doctors, together with their patients, are looking for alternative methods of treatment of physical problems. in large hospitals, modern therapy（疗法） seems to focus on the physical disease. patients may feel they are treated like broken machines. some doctors have recognized this as a problem. they are now using psychological therapy, in which the patient is working with the doctors against the disease with the help of medicine. the patient does not wait for the medicine and treatment to cure him or her, but instead the patient joins in the fight. the doctor knows that a disease affects a patients body physically. the body of the patient changes because of the disease. he is not only physically affected, but also has an emotional response to the disease. because his mind is affected, his attitude and behavior change. the medical treatment might cure the patients physical problems, but the patients mind must fight the emotional ones. for example, the studies of one doctor, carl simonton, m. d., have shown that a typical cancer patient has predictable attitudes. she typically feels depressed, upset, and angry. her constant depression makes her acts unfriendly toward her family, friends, doctors, and nurses. such attitudes and behaviors prevent recovery. therefore, a doctors treatment must help the patient change that. simontons method emphasizes treatment of the “whole” patient. the attitude of a cancer patient receiving radiation therapy, an x-ray treatment, can become more positive. the physician who is following simontons psychological treatment plan suggests that the patient imagine that he or she can see the tumor（肿瘤） in the body. in the mental picture, the patient sees a powerful beam of radiation like a million bullets of energy. the patient imagines the beam hitting the tumor cells and causing them to shrink. for another cancer patient, dr. simonton asks him to imagine the medicine going from the stomach into the bloodstream and to the cancer cells. the patient imagines that the medicine is like an army fighting the diseased cells and sees the cancer cells gradually dying and his blood carry away the dead cells. both the medical therapy and the patients positive attitude fight the disease. doctors are not certain why this mental therapy works. however, this use of psychology does help some patients because their attitudes about themselves change. they become more confident because they use the power within their own minds to help stop the disease. another application of using the mind to help cure disease is the use of suggestion therapy. at first, the doctor helps the patient to concentrate deeply. the patient thinks only about one thing. he becomes so unaware of other things around him that he is asleep, or rather in a trance（催眠状态）. then the physician makes “a suggestion” to the patient about the medical problem. the patients mind responds to the suggestion even after the patient is no longer in the trance. in this way, the patient uses his mind to help his body respond to treatment. doctors have learned that this use of psychology is helpful for both adults and children. for example, physicians have used suggestion to help adults deal with the strong pain of some disease. furthermore, sometimes the adult patient worries about her illness so much that the anxiety keeps her from getting well. the right suggestions may help the patient to stop being anxious. such treatment may help the patient with a chronic（慢性的）diseases. asthma （哮喘） is an example of a chronic disorder. asthma is a disease that causes the patient to have difficulty in breathing. the patient starts to cough and sometimes has to fight to get the air that he or she needs. psychology can help relieve the symptoms of this disorder. after suggestion therapy, the asthma patient breathes more easily. physicians have learned that the psychological method is very useful in treating children. children respond quickly to the treatment because they are fascinated by it. for example, dr. basil r. collison has worked with 121 asthmatic children in sydney, australia, and had good results. twenty-five of the children had excellent results. they were able to breathe more easily, and they did not need medication. another forty-three were also helped. the symptoms of the asthma occurred less frequently, and when they did, they were not as strong. most of the children also felt better about themselves. doctors have also used suggestion to change habits like nail-biting, thumb-sucking, and sleep-related problems. many professional medical groups have accepted the medical use of psychology and that psychology has important applications in medicine.15. what does the passage mainly discuss?a. how suggestion therapy benefits adults and children. b. how modern therapy focuses on the disease.c. responses from the medical world.d. how to use the mind against disease.16. how does psychological therapy work? a. the patient waits for the medicine and treatment to cure him. b. the doctor uses medical treatment to cure the patients problems. c. the doctor, the medicine, and the patient work together to fight disease. d. the patient uses his mind to cure himself.17. what can we learn from the studies of carl simonton, m. d.? a. the medical treatment can cure the patients mental disease. b. the treatment of a patient by treating the body and the mind is necessary. c. the mental treatment is more important than medical treatment. d. few patients have emotional response to the disease.18. the use of psychological therapy is helpful to some patients in that . a. the medical effect is better with psychological therapy than without it b. the patients can see a powerful beam of radiation hitting their tumor cells c. the patients attitudes towards themselves have changed d. the patients are easy to accept the methods the doctors use to treat them19. it can be learned from the passage that suggestion therapy cannot be used to . a. help adults deal with the strong pain of some diseases b. help the patients with chronic diseases c. help change some bad habits d. help cure patients of insomnia（失眠症）20. according to the passage, which of the following remains unknown so far? a. the value of mental therapy. b. the effectiveness of suggestion therapy. c. the working principle of suggestion therapy. d. the importance of psychology in medical treatment.参考答案dcbcdcc82013江苏卷 cif a diver surfaces too quickly，he may suffer the bends.nitrogen(氮)dissolved(溶解)in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure.the consequence，if the