HSE脚手架 HSE SCAFFOLDING.doc

HSE SCAFFOLDING HSE脚手架目 录 TABLE OF CONTENTS1.0 范围 SCOPE42.0 目的 PURPOSE43.0 定义 DEFINITIONS44.0 责任 RESPONSIBILITIES54.1 项目经理 Project Manager54.2 施工经理 Construction Manager54.3 HSE经理 Health, Safety & Environment (HSE) Manager64.4 部门主管 Department Manager64.5 员工 Employee65.0 注意事项 INSTRUCTIONS75.1 材料 Materials75.2 脚手架通用规则 General Rules for Scaffolding95.3 竖杆（钢管和扣件脚手架） Standards (Tube & Coupler Scaffolds)105.4 脚手架上的横木（钢管和扣件脚手架） Ledgers (Tube & Coupler Scaffolds)115.5 横梁 Transoms125.6 横拉撑 Ties125.7 支柱 Braces145.8 工作平台 Working Platform145.9 梯子通道平台 Ladder Access Platforms155.10 梯子 Ladders165.11 防护棚 Protective Fans175.12 防止装置 Check Fittings185.13 脚手架负载 Scaffold Loadings185.14 运输和人员移动 Traffic and Personnel Movements185.15 脚手架类型 Scaffold Types185.16 系统脚手架 System Scaffold195.17 独立捆扎脚手架 Independent Tied Scaffolds195.18 满堂红式脚手架 Birdcage Scaffold205.19 独立塔 Free Standing Towers205.20 悬吊脚手架Suspended Scaffolds235.21 罐和其他容器 Tanks & Other Vessels235.22 脚手架的搭建 Erection of Scaffolding235.23 检查和记录 Inspection and Records255.24 脚手架使用者 Scaffold Users276.0 REFERENCES287.0 ATTACHMENTS281.0 范围 SCOPE 本程序适用于XXX工程施工脚手架的直接或非直接供应、安装、改变或拆除。Scaffolding shall only be supplied, installed, altered or dismantled directly or indirectly on the XXX Project in accordance with this Procedure. 2.0 目的 PURPOSE 为使用可靠的材料搭建、改变和拆除脚手架提供标准，并为在特定阶段安全使用和检查建立统一的标准。To provide standards to which scaffolds will be erected, altered and dismantled using sound materials and to set uniform standards for their safe use and inspection at specific periods. 3.0 定义 DEFINITIONS PMCAAAHSEHealth, Safety and Environment健康、安全和环境脚手架：脚手架定义为一个临时结构，可提供通道、或用于支撑材料、装置或设备。分为两种类型：SCAFFOLDING Scaffolding is defined as a temporary structure which provides access, or from which persons work, or which is used to support materials, plant or equipment. It can be divided into two types: n 单体形式、梯子、圆形或所有其它用途的框架或整体结构Unit formwork, Kwick stage, All Round or other types of purpose made frames or units.n 管道和扣件：不同长度的单根管子用一个个连管节（直通）连接在一起。Tube & Fittings: Individual tubes, of varying lengths, held together by individual couplers. 脚手架标签：一个白色的塑料支持物，红色标记，有国际禁止标签以及如下语句“脚手架标签，禁用脚手架”，有一个插入卡，一面绿， 一面黄SCAFFOLDING TAG :A white plastic holder, marked in red, with the international prohibitive sign and the words “Scaffolding tag, Do not use Scaffold”, with an insert card, green on one side and yellow on the other. 4.0 责任 RESPONSIBILITIES 4.1 项目经理 Project Manager项目经理对本程序负全面责任，为执行该程序提供支持，并确保现场各部门积极执行该程序。The Project Manager has the overall responsibility for this procedure and is responsible for supporting it and for ensuring that all departments at the jobsite actively participate. 项目经理负责提供有效执行本程序的必需的人员、设施、和其它资源。The Project Manager is responsible for providing the personnel, facilities, and other resources necessary to effectively implement this procedure. 项目经理和管理小组以身作则，率先垂范，起到表率作用，规范所有在现场工作的人员的行为。The Project Manager and the management team will lead by example, modelling the behaviour expected from all personnel performing work at the jobsite. 4.2 施工经理 Construction Manager 施工经理必须认真贯彻执行该程序，并提供必要的资源（包括人力、资源和设备）来保证本程序的有效实施和管理。The Construction Manager has the responsibility for compliance with this procedure and shall provide the personnel, facilities, and other resources necessary to effectively implement, administer and enforce this procedure. 施工经理应向所有施工部门传达程序要求，保证所有施工部门认真执行该程序。施工经理应确保所有员工遵守和积极参与本程序要求。The Construction Manager is responsible for the effective dissemination and education of the requirements to all departments and ensure the procedure is implemented by all departments. The Construction Manager shall ensure that all employees actively participate with its requirements.4.3 HSE经理 Health, Safety & Environment (HSE) Manager HSE经理应协助项目经理执行管理此程序，并始终如一监控该程序的执行。The HSE Manager, in conjunction with the Project Manager, is responsible for implementing and administering this procedure. HSE经理具体工作如下：The HSE manager will: n 负责协调解决该程序执行过程中出现的所有问题。Function as an adjudicator on any issues from the implementation of this procedure n 对各施工部门进行审查，确保其满足程序的要求，向项目经理汇报程序执行情况并将执行情况反馈给各部门。Audit all construction departments to ensure the requirements of this procedure are implemented and will report the implementation to Project Manager and provide feedback on performance to each department. n 协助各部门工作使本程序要求得以有效执行。Assist each department to effectively implement the requirements of the procedure n 做好HSE记录，以便于PMC有关部门的检查。Ensure the required HSE records are generated and available for review by PMC related departments as appropriate. 4.4 部门主管 Department Manager 部门主管应十分熟悉本程序及他们的关于程序执行的个人责任。Department Manager shall be thoroughly familiar with this procedure and with their individual responsibilities regarding its implementation and enforcement. 部门主管应确保分派的工作交给那些能胜任的人，这包括确保这名工人具有足够技能、体能和知识以安全执行工作任务。Department Manager shall ensure that only competent persons are assigned work tasks. This includes ensuring the worker has the skills, physique and knowledge to safely execute the work task. 4.5 员工 Employee 员工必须了解、理解和遵守本程序适用于他们所执行工作的HSE要求Employees must know, understand and comply with the health, safety and environmental requirements of this procedure as applicable to the work they perform. 员工必须向他们的主管报告关于任何可能会影响设备安全操作的设备故障。Employees must report to their Supervisor any equipment malfunction that may effect the safe operation of the equipment. 在工作中，如果对工作指令有不明白的地方或有担心的安全问题，工作人员应该立即向其直接主管汇报。Employee must advise their immediate Supervisor whenever unsure of the instructions for a task or where concerned about the safety status of any task. 5.0 注意事项 INSTRUCTIONS 5.1 材料 Materials 所有的脚手架材料应能可靠施工，强度足够，按照英国标准制造、施工和维护。All scaffolding material shall be of sound construction and adequate strength and shall be manufactured, constructed and maintained to British Standards. 钢管、扣件、框架等目视为直的，应无裂缝、裂痕、额外的腐蚀或其它缺陷。端口应切割成与管轴一致并斜切Tubes, units, frames, etc. shall be straight to the eye and shall be free of cracks, splits, excessive corrosion or other defects. The ends shall be cut square with the axis of the tube and chamfered. 管道、单元和框架都不能油漆，可以接受的涂层应为镀锌和锌涂层No tube, unit or frame will be painted. The only acceptable coating shall be galvanizing and zinc primer. 不能使用黑铁管No black steel tube shall be used. 脚手架木板厚度应为下述三种厚度中的一种，即38mm, 50mm和63mm，所有的木板均为225mm宽Scaffold boards shall be one of three thicknesses, i.e. 38mm, 50mm and 63mm. All boards will be 225mm wide. 类似厚度的木板可用于单独的脚手架Boards of similar thickness will be used to deck out individual scaffolds. 脚手架木板如有一个直径大于50mm的结，则不能接受Scaffolding boards are not acceptable if they have a knot larger than 50mm diameter. 木板边缘的结不应超过板厚度的50%Edge knots shall not exceed 50% of the thickness of the board. 弯曲的木板不能使用Warped boards shall not be used. 有裂口的脚手架木板不能使用Scaffold boards with splits are not acceptable. 应无切口、烧痕、油污或突出的钉子There shall be no cut outs (checks), burns, oil stains or projecting nails. 不应以其它任何可掩藏缺陷的方式油漆或处理，可以使用一种经批准的材料进行防火处理。Boards shall not be painted or treated in any other way, which may conceal defects. They may be fireproofed using an approved material. 坏的或过度磨损的木板不能使用Boards which are broken or excessively worn are not acceptable. 木板应是方形并用铁箍箍住。Boards shall be square cut and bound with a hoop iron. 至少，铁箍应标记下述信息：As a minimum the hoop iron shall be stamped with the following information: n 木板所遵守的国际标准International standard to which board complies. n 以米计的木板所能支撑的最大跨度Maximum span in meters over which the board has to be supported. 扣件应由有经验的和胜任的检查人员每周检查一次。Couplers shall be inspected weekly by an experienced and competent examiner. 任何发现破裂或损坏的扣件或发现有生锈或破损螺纹的扣件应除掉。Any coupler found to be broken or damaged or found to have rusty or damaged threads should be discarded. 扣件应按类型归类，应保持清洁并轻度润滑以防止生锈Couplers shall be sorted by type. They shall be kept clean and lightly oiled to prevent rust. 所有脚手架材料应恰当和清洁的存贮。All scaffolding material shall be properly and neatly stored. 钢管应按长度分类和存贮Tubes shall be sorted and stored by length. 扣件应按类型分类和存贮Couplers shall be sorted and stored by type. 木板存贮时不超过20块板的高度Boards shall be stored no more than 20 high. 存贮在现场供即刻使用的材料，应以整洁的方式存贮，不应存在绊倒的危险和堵塞通道。Where materials are being stored at the site of erection for immediate use, they shall be stored in a neat manner, which does not present a tripping hazard or block access routes. 脚手架材料应存贮在指定的地方，用防水油布覆盖。Scaffold materials shall be stored only in designated compounds approved by PMC and covered with tarpaulin. 5.2 脚手架通用规则 General Rules for Scaffolding 基础应水平并能承受所加负载The foundations shall be level and adequate to carry the load imposed. 无论何种基础表面，都须在每个竖杆下放置底盘。Base plates shall be placed under every standard irrespective of the foundation surface. 底盘应为150mm*150mm，由5mm厚低碳钢制作，并有50.8mm的中心支柱。The base plate shall measure 150mm by 150mm, made from mild steel, 5mm thick, with the center shank 50.8mm high. 如果基础不是混凝土结构或者未铺钢板或者未铺石板时应在底盘下加垫板。Sole plates or boards shall be placed under every base plate where the foundation is other than concrete or metal plate decking. This rule shall apply to open deck grating and unpaved areas. 使用独立木板的最低要求如下：The minimum sole board requirements which are laid down can be interpreted as follows n 硬地面500mm 长 x 225mm x 35mmFirm ground - 500mm long x 225mm x 35mm n 软地面765mm X 225mm X 35mm；在两根立杆下1550mm x 225mm x 35mmSoft ground - 765mm long x 225mm x 35mm ;under two standard - 1550mm x 225mm x 35mm 单独的木板最小尺寸应为39mm厚、225mm宽和455mm长Sole board minimum dimensions shall be 38mm thick, 225mm wide and 455mm long. 在脚手架基础3米范围内都不得进行损坏脚手架的挖掘。Under no circumstances shall scaffolds be undermined by carrying out any excavation within 3 meters of the foundations. 5.3 竖杆（钢管和扣件脚手架） Standards (Tube & Coupler Scaffolds) 竖杆之间的间距由要使用的脚手架决定，跨度任何情况下都不应超过如表1所示的那些距离The spacing between standards is determined by the intended use of the scaffold.Under no circumstances shall the bay length exceed those distances appended in Table 1.表1 TABLE 1负载Duty 平台的使用Use ofplatform平台负载分布（(KN/m2)Distributed loads on platforms (KN/m2)平台最大数量Maximum number of platforms通常使用宽度为225mm木板Commonly used widths using 225mm boards最大跨度Max. bay length (m) 检查和极轻度负载Inspection and very light duty检查，油漆，清除石头，Inspection, painting, stone cleaning, light cleaning, cleaning and access. 0.75 1 个工作平台1 working platform 3块木板3 boards 2.5 轻度负载Light duty Plastering, painting, stone cleaning, glazing and pointing 1.50 2个工作平台2 working platforms 4块木板4 boards 2.4 通常目的General purpose General building work including brickwork, window and mullion fixing, rendering, plastering 2.00 2 working platforms + 1 at very light duty 5 boards or 4 boards + 1 inside 2.1 重负载Heavy dutyBlockwork, brickwork, heavy cladding 2.50 2 working platforms + 1 at very light duty 5 boards or 5 boards + 1 inside or 4 boards + 1 inside 2.0 砖石建筑或特殊负载Masonry or special duty Masonry work, concrete blockwork, and very heavy cladding 3.00 1 working platform + 1 at very light duty6至8块板6 to 8 boards 1.8 竖杆每2米的垂直度偏差为20mm（最大偏差为50mm）Standards shall be plumb to within 20mm in 2M (Subject to a maximum total deviation of 50mm). 使用套筒扣件或套管（接合销）将竖杆之间连结起来。接合处必须是错开的，也就是他们不能在邻近区域同一水平发生Joints in standards can be made with sleeve couplers or spigots (joint pins). Joints must be staggered, i.e. they must not occur at the same level in adjacent standards. 5.4 脚手架上的横木（钢管和扣件脚手架） Ledgers (Tube & Coupler Scaffolds) 使用直角、承重的扣件将横木垂直水平固定在竖杆内部Ledgers must be plumbed level and fixed to the inside of standards using right angle, load bearing couplers. 横木之间的垂直距离（每层高度）应不超过两米The vertical distance (lift height) between ledgers shall not exceed 2 meters. 应使用套筒扣件连结横木，不允许使用套管（接合销）。Joints in ledgers shall be made with sleeve couplers, spigots (joint pins) are not acceptable. Ledger joints on the same lift and in adjacent lifts, should not normally occur in the same bay. 重要说明 IMPORTANT NOTE 直角扣件，是将横木连到竖杆上的唯一类型的扣件。旋转扣件是一种承重扣件，必须以这种方式使用。所有的扣件必须遵守BS 1139，扣件的使用必须遵守BS 5973。Right angle couplers, (doubles), are the only type of coupler used to attach ledgers to the standards. The swivel coupler is a load bearing coupler and must not be used in this way. All couplers must comply with BS1139. The use of couplers must comply with BS 5973. 5.5 横梁 Transoms 在任何情况下，都应用直角扣件连结横梁至竖杆，他们可能横放在横木上，由所提供的横木确保安全，横木不能超出竖杆300mm。Transoms should, whenever possible, be secured to standards using right angle couplers. They may however, be laid across ledgers and secured with putlog clips provided that they are not more than 300mm from each pair of standards. 横梁不能超出外沿50mm。In no case shall the transom over hang be less than 50mm. 5.6 横拉撑 Ties每隔两层和每隔两根竖杆应设置横拉撑。Ties must be fixed at every second lift and every second standard. 在脚手架被防水油布覆盖的地方，应考虑额外的风力负载，并插入额外的横拉撑Where a scaffold has been sheeted out with tarpaulins, consideration will be given to additional wind loading and the insertion of additional ties. 所有的横拉撑都应是正双向的，也就是他们应阻止脚手架靠近或远离建筑物，正双向横拉撑是：All ties shall be positive two way ties, i.e. they shall prevent movement of the scaffold either into or away from the building. Positive two way ties are: n 盒式横拉撑Box ties n 直通横拉撑Through ties n 螺杆式或锚式横拉撑Screw or anchor ties n 用Gravlock扣件确保安全的横拉撑（成对使用）Ties secured with Gravlock couplers (provided they are used in pairs) n 禁止使用SK扣件SK couplers are banned and must never be used. 所有横拉撑均应尽可能靠近接点，不能在扣件上。All ties must be secured as near to the node point as is possible. No other coupler will be acceptable. 在固定点，横拉撑必须有足够的强度承受所加负载以确保安全。任何情况下都不能使用护栏做为横拉撑的固定点。The anchorage point to which a tie is secured must be of sufficient strength to withstand the load imposed upon it. Under no circumstances shall guard-rails be used as an anchorage point for ties. 做为通用规则，横拉撑必须总是被插入的，在不可能的地方，采用下述替代方案：As a general rule, ties must always be inserted. Where this is not possible, the following alternative actions may be taken. n 在不超过三层的小脚手架上，脚手架的稳定性可通过斜撑获得。斜撑将用到第二层横木的直角扣件来确保安全。斜撑底部应装上底盘，如需要可以加垫板。斜撑应分布均匀。On small scaffolds not extending above three lifts, the stability of the scaffold can be achieved by rakers. The raker shall be secured with right angle couplers to the ledger at the second lift. The load in the raker will be distributed through a base plate, or, if required a soleboard. The foot of the raker shall be tied back to the main scaffold. Rakers shall be inserted at the same standard spacing as ties. n 超过三层的脚手架，必须沿着整个构造长度建一个稳固的支壁。支壁高度不应低于绞手架顶部以下第3层，然后用直角扣件将脚手架固定到倒数第二层的支壁上。Where a scaffold extends above three lifts, a well braced buttress shall be erected along the total length of the structure. The buttress shall be erected to a height no lower than the third lift from the top of the scaffold. The scaffold shall then be rakered back from the second top lift to the buttress, using right angled couplers. 撑杆应扣到其中点位置，长度不应超过3米。No raker shall extend more than 3 meters without being tied back at its mid point. 5.7 支柱 Braces 所有的脚手架应两头固定。支柱的正面或者从横木到横木，长度应达到构造的总长度。All scaffolds shall be braced in both directions. Braces, whether facade or ledger to ledger, will extend to the full height of the structure. 正面支柱每10米应重复安装一个。Facade braces shall be repeated at a maximum distance of every 10metres. 横木到横木应在每一个标准交替组位置重复安装一个。Ledger to ledger bracing shall be repeated at every alternate set of standards. 正面支柱应使用套筒连接器连接，不能使用套管。Joints in facade braces shall be made with sleeve couplers, spigots are not acceptable. 在横梁固定了支柱的地方，横梁必须用直角扣件固定。Where braces are fixed to transoms, the transom itself must be fixed with right angle couplers. 5.8 工作平台 Working Platform 工作平台应尽量小，轻负载，3块脚踏板宽。Working platforms to be minimum, light duty, three boards wide. 所有的工作平台铺板应该紧密，踢脚板端应相互连接上。All working platforms shall be close boarded with boards butted together end to end. 每一块踢脚板都应该捆扎牢固保证安全。Each individual board shall always be securely lashed. 护栏应固定在所有的工作平台竖杆内，高度最低1.1米，最高1.5米。应该提供中间管以便踢脚板和护栏内面之间的空间不会超过690mm。Guard-rails shall be fixed to the inside of the standards on all working platforms to a height of between 1.1 meters (minimum) and 1.5 meters (maximum). Intermediate tubes shall be provided so that the space between the top of the toeboard and the underside of the guard-rail shall not exceed 690mm. 任何情况下中间护栏应固定到竖杆内或者双层踢脚板中。An intermediate guard-rail shall be fixed to the inside of standards in every instance, or a double toe board. 踢脚板包括停止端踏板应适合所有的工作平台。最大高度为150mm。Toeboards including stop end boards shall be fitted to all working platforms. The minimum height will be 150mm. 如果材料堆积高度超过了踢脚板高度，应建立一个合适的栅栏（砖结构）。If materials are to be stacked above the height of the toeboard, a suitable barrier (brick guards) shall be erected. 脚手架的最小和最大悬垂应遵守表2.The minimum and maximum overhang of scaffolding boards shall comply with Table 2. 如果使用了蝶形单头就不允许悬垂。No overhang is permitted if butterfly singles are used. 表2：脚手架踏板，跨度和悬垂限制TABLE 2 - SCAFFOLDING BOARDS, LIMITS OF SPAN AND OVERHANG标称脚踏板厚度(mm)Nominal Thickness of Board横梁之间最大跨度Maximum Span Between Transoms (meters)最小悬垂(mm)Minimum Overhang最大悬垂(mm)Maximum Overhang381.550150502.650200633.2550250横撑木横梁上最多不能承载2块踏板宽度，除非横梁用直角扣件固定住了并“提高了安全系数”。No more than 2 boards width shall be supported on needle transoms unless the transoms are fixed with right angle coupler and picked up. 在每个梯子入口处应长期悬挂脚手架安全使用的布告牌。上面应注明每天脚手架允许承载的最大工具和材料重量以及人数。Signboards in appropriate languages shall be permanently displayed on each ladder access. These shall state the maximum allowable weight of tools and materials and the maximum number of men per bay appropriate to the type of scaffold. 5.9 梯子通道平台 Ladder Access Platforms 梯子通道平台之间的垂直高度不应超过9米。The vertical height between ladder acc