高中英语 快速学会非谓语动词的逆向学习法.ppt

快速学会非谓语动词的逆向学习法 非谓语动词 意思就是不能在句中充当谓语 但是 作为一个动词 它还是有个动作的执行者 主动关系 或承受者 被动关系 我们将之称为其 逻辑主语 下面的练习要求是 A 找出该非谓语的逻辑主语 并指出与该动词是主动关系还是被动关系 B 指出非谓语的动作是发生在主句动作之前还是之后 C 或指出其在句中所作的成分 1 HavingrealizedthatIcouldusekitetoattractthelightning Idecidedtodotheexperiment 2 Thebellrang alltheboysandgirlswentoutoftheirclassroom singingandjumping 3 Theboysswimmingintheseawereindanger 4 Theyhearingthenews theirtearscamedowntheircheek 5 Whentakenfollowingitsdirections thedrughasnoneglecteffect 主动 主动 主动 主动 被动 二 感受从一般句子转换为含非谓语部分 分词 的句子方法 一 由定语从句改为分词短语的方法 1 若关系词之后有be动词 限be在结构be V ing或be V ed中时 则删去关系代词和be 其它成分不变 Eg A Watchthemenwhoarecomingthisway Watchthemancomingthisway B Lessonswhicharelearnedeasilyaresoonforgotten C Thedogwasbeatenyesterdayisdead Lessonslearnedeasilyaresoonforgotten Thedogbeatenyesterdayisdead 2 若关系词之后没有be动词 限be在结构be V ing或be V ed中时 而是一般的动词 则删去关系词 再将动词改为 ing形式 其它不变 A Anyonewhowishestoleaveearlymaydoso Anyonewishingtoleaveearlymaydoso Theboysittingnearthewindowwasgoodatplayingfootball Weseethestreamrisingfromthehole B Theboywhosatnearthewindowwasgoodatplayingfootball C Weseethestreamwhichrisesfromthehole 方法 二 由状语从句改为分词短语的方法 A 先将引导状语从句的连接词去掉 B 如果状语从句的主语与主句主语相同 则去掉从句主语 不相同 则保留从句主语 亦称独立主格结构 C 再将原状语从句的谓语动词变成 ing形式 补充 当状语从句的谓语含有be V ing 进行时结构 或be V ed 被动式 时 也可能将be去掉 其它部分不变 注意 若主句动词为现在时 而状语从句的动词为过去时 那么为了表示状语从句的动作时间早于主句的动词 则变分词短语是应改为完成式 转换练习 1 状语从句主语与主句主语相同 逆向法 即分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语 1 AfterIhadheardfrommybrother Ifeltmuchhappy2 Asheisill hecan tattendthemeeting 3 Whenhewasbuyingthebooks hemetanoldfriend 4 Becausehehasbeenpraisedtoomuch hebecomestooproud Havingheardfrommybrother Ifeltmuchrelieved Beingill hecan tattendthemeeting Buyingthebook hemetanoldfriend Havingbeenpraisedtoomuch hebecomestooproud 2 前后主语不相同 逆向法 即分词的逻辑主语就是原状语从句的主语 1 Afterthesunhadset wearrivedatthestation 2 Whenschoolwasover theboyswenthome 3 Ashishomeworkhasbeendone theboyswenthome 4 Iftheweatherpermits we llgototheGreatWall Thesunhavingset wearrivedatthestation Schoolbeingover theboyswenthome Hishomeworkhavingbeendone theboyswenthome Theweatherpermitting we llgototheGreatWall 3 注意 1 Becausehislovelydogwasdead littleboyisveryupset 2 Ashewasidleinhisyouth hehastoworkhardinhisoldage 3 Afternewteachingbuildingwasfinished studentsstudyinthenewclassroomnow Hislovelydoghavingbeendead littleboyisveryupset Beingidleinhisyouth hehastoworkhardinhisoldage Newteachingbuildinghavingbeenfinished studentsstudyinthenewclassroomnow 方法 三 并列句改为分词短语的方法 分词可以代替并列句中的一个句子 其作用是说话者对主要句子的补充 先将并列句中的连接词去掉 然后将其中一个谓语动词变为V ing形式 两句若是用句号隔开 变化后将句号改为逗号 条件 并列句主语相同时 保留一个主语 并列句主语不相同时 两个主语都保留 此处也要注意到方法 二 中的 一个补充 和 一个注意 转换练习 1 并列句主语相同时 保留一个主语 1 Mytrainstartsat12andwillarrivedinWuhanat3 2 Shealonestayedathomeanddidherhomework Mytrainstartsat12 arrivinginWuhanat3 Shealonestayedathome doingherhomework 2 并列句主语不相同时 两个主语都保留 如 1 Hewasreadingabook andhiswifewasdoinghousework 2 TheylistenedtothemovedstoryaboutRenChangxiaandtearsrandowntheircheeks Hewasreadingabook hiswifedoinghousework TheylistenedtothemovedstoryaboutRenChangxia tearsrunningdowntheircheeks 三 补充 注意此类句型的一种变体 连接词 分词 此类句型实际上是将从属连词when while though as等引导的从句省略了相同的主语及be动词变化而来的 转换练习 1 WhilehewasfightinginKorea hewastakenprisoner 2 Whenthedrugistakenaccordingtoitsintroductions thedrughasnoneglecteffect WhilefightinginKorea hewastakenprisoner Whentakenaccordingtoitsintroductions thedrughasnoneglecteffect 四 小结 从上面的句子转换中可以得出一个小结 一回头 找该非谓语的逻辑主语 两确定 确定该非谓语动词的动作与主句谓语的动作先后 确定该非谓语动词与逻辑主语的主谓或动宾关系 五 巩固练习 1 将下列复合句或并列句改为含分词短语的句子 Whenhelefttheclassroom hedidn tsaygoodbyetome Becauseheisill hecan tattendthemeeting Theteacheristeachingintheclassroom JimandTomareplayinggames Theboyswhoswamintheriverwereindanger Whenleavingtheclassroom hedidn tsaygoodbyetome Beingill hecan tattendthemeeting Theteacherteachingintheclassroom JimandTomareplayinggames Theboysswimmingintheriverwereindanger Thepolicemansawthethiefwhowasstealingabike Thisisoneofthehousesthatwerebuiltlastyear Theprofessorcameintotheclassroom Hewasfollowedbysometeachers Thepolicemansawthethiefstealingabike Thisisoneofthehousesbuiltlastyear Theprofessorcameintotheclassroom followedbysometeachers Becausehehadseenthefilmbefore hewentoutofthecinema Whenourschoolisseenfromthemountain Ourschoolisbeautiful Themanrosefromthegroundandbeatthedustoffhisclothes Havingseenthefilmbefore hewentoutofthecinema Seenfromthemountain Ourschoolisbeautiful Themanrosefromtheground beatingthedustoffhisclothes 2 将下列含分词短语的句子改为复合句或并列句 Seeingfromthemountain Ifindourschoolisbeautiful when Hetoldmehewouldstandbytheroadside watchingtheparade and Judgedfromwhathesaid heisateacher Thechildrenwenthomeafterclass singingandlaughing WhenISeefromthemountain Ifindourschoolisbeautiful Hetoldmehewouldstandbytheroadsideandwatchtheparade IfheisJudgedfromwhathesaid heisateacher Thechildrenwenthomeafterclassandsangandlaughed Therewasaterriblenoisefollowingthesuddenburstoflight Canyouread Marrysaidangrily pointingtothenoticeboard Onhiswayhome shefoundthenecklacemissing Therewasaterriblenoisewhichfollowedthesuddenburstoflight Canyouread Marrysaidangrilyandpointedtothenoticeboard Onhiswayhome shefoundthenecklacewhichwasmissing Havingbrushedhisteeth Mr Browncamedownstairsforbreakfast after Weatherbeingfine Iwentfishingwithmyfather as Therebeingnobus wehavetowalk because Afterhehadbrushedhisteeth Mr Browncamedownstairsforbreakfast Asweatherwasfine Iwentfishingwithmyfather as Becausethereisnobus wehavetowalk 09安徽 1 Theplaynextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture A producedB beingproducedC tobeproducedD havingbeenproduced C 09北京 2Forbreakfastheonlydrinksjuicefromfreshfruit onhisownfarm A grownB beinggrownC tobegrownD togrow A 09北京 3 Thewaytheguests inthehotelinfluencedtheirevaluationoftheserviceA treatedB weretreatedC wouldtreatD wouldbetreated D 09北京 4 Allofthemtrytousethepoweroftheworkstation informationinamoreeffectiveway A presentingB presentedC beingpresentedD topresent D 09北京 5 twice thepostmanrefusedtodeliverourlettersunlesswechainedourdogA BeingbittenB BittenC HavingbittenD Tobebitten 09福建 6 nottomisstheflightat15 20 themanagersetoutfortheairportinahurry A RemindingB RemindedC ToremindD Havingreminded A B 09福建 7 InApril 2009 PresidentHuinspectedthewarshipsinQingdao the60thanniversaryofthefoundingofthePLANavy A markingB markedC havingmarkedD beingmarked 09湖南 8 Whenhethedoor hefoundhiskeyswerenowhere A wouldopenB openedC hadopenedD wastoopen 09湖南 9 Attheageof29 Davewasaworker inasmallapartmentnearBostonand whattodoabouthisfuture A living wonderingB lived wonderingC lived wonderedD living wondered A D A 09湖南 10 Nowadayspeoplesometimesseparatetheirwastetomakeiteasierforit A reusingB reusedC reusesD tobereused 09湖南 11 Pleasedomeafavor myfriendMr SmithtoYouthTheaterat7 30tonight A toinviteB invitingC inviteD invited 09江西 12 therightkindoftraining theseteenagesoccerplayersmayonedaygrewtheinternationalstars A GivingB HavinggivenC TogiveD Given D C D 09江西 13 Thegovernmentplanstobringinnewlaws parentstotakemoreresponsibilityfortheeducationoftheirchildren A forcedB forcingC tobeforcedD havingforced 09海南 14Thechildrenallturnedthefamousactressassheenteredtheclassroom A lookedatB tolookatC tolookingatD lookat 09海南 15 Nowthatwe vediscussedoutproblem arepeoplehappywiththedecisions A takingB takeC takenD totake B B C 09山东 16 Weareinvitedtoaparty inourclubnextFriday A tobeheldB heldC beingheldD holding 09陕西 17 IstillremembertotheFamenTempleandwhatIsawthere A totakeB tobetakenC takingD beingtaken 09上海 18 Asmallplanecrashedintoahillsidefivemileseastofthecity allfourpeopleonboard A killedB killingC killsD tokill 09上海 19 Withthegovernment said those bytheearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements A affectB affectingC affectedD wereaffected C A D B 09上海 20 Billsuggested ameetingonwhattodofortheShanghaiExpoduringthevacation A havingheldB toholdC holdingD hold 09四川 21 Ladiesandgentlemen pleaseremain untiltheplanehascometoacompletestop A seatedB seatingC toseatD seat 09上海 22 Davidthreatenedhisneighbourtothepoliceifthedamageswerenotpaid A tobereportedB reportingC toreportD havingreported 09四川 23 Hetolduswhether apicnicwasstillunderdiscussionA tohaveB havingC haveD had C A C B 09四川 24 manytimes hefinallyunderstoodit A ToldB TellingC HavingtoldD Havingbeentold 09天津 25 theprojectintime thestaffwereworkingatweekends A CompetingB HavingcompletedC TohavecompletedD Tocomplete 09天津 26 bytheadvancesintechnology manyfarmershavesetupwindfarmsontheirland A BeingencouragedB EncouragingC EncouragedD Havingencouraged D