一般过去时及一般将来时教案.doc

博锐个性化辅导教案 学生： 王旭 授课日期：_2011年7月29日_ 时间：_19：0021：00年级： 初二 教师：_胡晓琪 教学课题一般过去时和一般将来时以及祈使句教学目标掌握两种时态以及祈使句的用法重点难点 理解和使用这两种时态以及祈使句课前检查 作业完成情况 优 良 中 差 建议： 一般过去时 一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为；过去主语所具备的能力和性格。基本结构：主语+动词过去式+其他；否定形式was/were+not;在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词；一般疑问句Did+主语+do+其他。基本概念一般过去时(simple past tense)表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为；过去主语所具备的能力和性格。 时间状语Ago（two hours ago（一段时间+ago）, yesterday(句子开头或结尾）, the day before yesterday, last week,last(year, night, month), 具体时间（如Jan.fourth), just now, at the age of , one day, long ago, once upon a time(很久以前), and so on,this morning.long long ago. 动词变化规则规则变化：1.直接加ed：work worked looklooked playplayed, 2.以e结尾的单词，直接加d：live lived hopehoped useused, 3 以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加ed：study studied carrycarried worryworried, 4以元音字母+y结尾的，直接加ed：enjoy enjoyed 5 以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后的辅音字母+ed： stop stopped planplanned 不规则变化： be （is/am）-was/(are)were begin began blow blew bring brought burnburnt/burned buybought catchcaught comecame costcost dodid drawdrew drinkdrank drivedrove eatate fallfell findfound flyflew getgot havehad hearheard holdheld hurthurt keepkept knowknew learnlearnt/learned letlet lielay/lied lightlit/lighted loselost makemade meanmeant meet,met putput readread riderode runran saysaid seesaw 过去时的一般形态1 Be 动词的一般过去时态. 在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词， am is 的过去式为was; are的过去式为were. 构成：肯定句：主语+was (were) +表语 如：I was late yesterday. （昨天我迟到了。） 否定句：主语+was (were) +not+表语 如：We werent late yesterday. (我们昨天没迟到) 疑问句：Was (Were) +主语+表语 如： Were you ill yesterday? （你昨天病了吗？） 肯定回答： Yes, I was. (是的，我病了。) 否定句： No, I wasnt. (不，我没病。) 特殊疑问句： 特殊疑问词+was (were) +主语+表语 如：When were you born? 你是什么时候出生的？ 2 实义动词的一般过去时态 肯定句要使用动词的过去式，否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和 does 的过去式 did. 肯定句为：主语+动词过去式+宾语 如： I went home at nine oclock yesterday.（我昨天九点钟回的家。） 否定句：主语+didnt +动词原形+宾语 如：I didnt go home yesterday. (我昨天没回家。) 疑问句：Did +主语+动词原形+宾语 如： Did you go home yesterday? (你昨天回家了吗？) 肯定回答： Yes, I did. (是的，我回了。) 否定回答：No, I didnt. (不，我没回家。) 3 助动词和情态动词过去式如下： shallshould（将要）用于第一人称单数 willwould（将要）用于所有人称 cancould（能，会） maymight（可以） mustmust （必须） have tohad to（不得不） 助动词和情态动词的过去时态要使用他们的过去式，后面的动词还使用原形。 如： I had to do my homework yesterday. (昨天我不得不做作业。) 一般过去时讲解 一般过去时也叫单纯过去时。 例A：He worked very hard last year. （去年他很用功。） 例B：Mr. Smith bought a new car yesterday. （史密斯先生昨天买了一辆新车。） 例C：They were here only a few minutes ago. （几分钟前他们还在这里。） 例题解析：1 r. Mott is out. But he _ here a few minutes ago. A. was B. is C. will be D. would be 解析：时分钟前发生的动作， 应该用一般过去时。 应选 A， 2 -Hi, Tom. -Hello, Fancy. I _ you were here. A.dont know B.wont think C. think D. didnt know 解析：虽然句中没有明确的时间状语， 但是可以通过上下文语境判断出， 我说这话之前不知道，但是现在知道了，表示过去的动作，要用过去时态。所以选D。 3 He promised to tell me by himself when I _. A. come B. would come C. came D. had come 解析：在时间状语从句中，用一般过去时表示过去将来。应选C。 一般过去时态的“三变”技巧 ：一变：肯定句变为否定句 【技巧1】当句中含有情态动词或助动词could，would，should等时，可直接在其后面加not构成否定句。例如： I could get you a concert ticket. I could not / couldnt get you a concert ticket. 【技巧2】当句中含有系动词was，were 时，可直接在其后加not构成否定句。例如： I was on the Internet when you called me. I was not / wasnt on the Internet when you called me. 【技巧3】当句中谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词was, were以外的动词时，在该动词之前加did not / didnt，动词还原，构成否定句。例如： The famous singer sang some Chinese songs. The famous singer did not / didnt sing any Chinese songs. 二变：陈述句变为一般疑问句 【技巧1】移动词语的位置。将was，were, could，would，should等移到句首。例如： He could pack his things himself. Could he pack his things himself? 【技巧2】添加助动词did。谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词was, were以外的动词时，在主语之前加did，动词还原。例如： Mr Li looked very old. Did Mr Li look very old? 三变：陈述句变为特殊疑问句 【技巧1】确定疑问词：人who / whom，物what，地点where，时间when / what time，原因why，频率how often，长度how long，距离how far等等。例如： They gave the concert last night. When did they give the concert? 【技巧2】辨认结构形式：疑问词+情态动词/助动词/ was / were / did +主语+.? 例如： The accident happened near the station. Where did the accident happen?一般过去时的用法(1)一般过去时表示在过去某个特定时间发生，也可以表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作。一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响，只说明过去的事情。 句式：主语+过去动词+宾语+其他 I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨，我跟朱丽亚说了几句话。 He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up. 他没有戒烟的那阵子，抽烟抽得可凶了。 (2) 一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用，如：yesterday, last week, in 1993, at that time, once, during the war, before, a few days ago, when 等等。 补充内容：（句子中谓语动词是用一般过去时还是用现在完成时，取决于动作是否对现在有影响。 Have you had your lunch? 你吃过午饭了吗？（你现在不饿吗？） Yes, I have. 是的，我已经吃过了。（已经吃饱了，不想再吃了。） When did you have it? 你是什么时候吃的？（关心的是吃的动作发生在何时。） 2 Used to do something 表示过去常做而现在已经停止了的习惯动作。 I used to work fourteen hours a day. 我过去常常一天干十四个小时。 I ate it at 6：45。我在六点四十五分吃了。 3 表示过去连续发生的动作时，要用过去时。这种情况下，往往没有表示过去的时间状语，而通过上下文来表示。 The boy opened his eyes for a moment，looked at the captain，and then died. 那男孩把眼睛张开了一会儿，看看船长，然后就去世了。 4、表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作 常与always，never等连用。 Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella. 彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。 （只是说明她过去的动作，不表明她现在是否常带着伞。） 比较 Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella. 彼得太太老是带着伞。 （说明这是她的习惯，表明她现在仍然还习惯总带着一把伞） Mrs. Peter is always carrying an umbrella. 彼得太太 总是带着一把伞。（表示说话者对这一动作或行为厌烦） I never drank wine.我以前从不喝酒。 （不涉及到现在，不说明现在是否喝酒） 5 有些句子，虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语，但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话，也要用过去时。 I didnt know you were in Paris. 我不知道你在巴黎。 （因为在说话时，我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前，所以只能用过去时表示。实际上，这句话暗指：But now I know you are here.） I thought you were ill. 我以为你病了呢。 （这句话应是在说话之前，我以为你病了。但是现在我知道你没病） 辨别正误 Li Ming studied English this morning. （把此句变为一般疑问句） 1、Did Li Ming studied English this morning？ （动词应该用原形） （）2. Does Li ming Study English this morning？ （时态应该用原句子的时态） （） 3.Was Li Ming studied English this morning？ （应该用一般动词，而不是be动词）（动词应变原型） 4.Did Li Ming study Enghish this morning？ 已过：在过去发生的动作。 一般将来时一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。常常和表示将来的时间状语连用。如：tomorrow（明天）， next week（下周）， from now on（从现在开始）；in the future（将来）等。 一般将来时由助动词shall（第一人称），will（第二、三人称） 动词原形构成。美国英语则不管什么人称，一律用will。定义一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的发生动作或状态， 或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。一般将来时由助动词shall（第一人称），will（第二、三人称）+动词原形构成。will+V原 美国英语则不管什么人称，一律用will。 be going to形式可以在任何情况下使用。 shall 和 will 常常缩写成 ll ,紧接在主语之后。其否定式 shall not 和will not 的缩写式分别为 shant 和 wont。 基本句型肯定句：I/We shall/will go. You/He/She/They Will go. 否定句：I/We shall/will not go. You/He/She/They Will not go. 疑问句：Shall I/we go? Will you/he/she/they go? 简略回答：（肯）Yes,主语 shall/will (否) No,主语 shall/will not 特殊疑问句：一般将来时的特殊疑问句是将疑问词放在句首，后接一般疑问句（就主语提问时，以疑问词who开头的疑问词除外） - why will you be here on sunday?（周日你为什么将要在这儿？） -I will have a meeting on sunday（我将要在周日举行一个聚会） （对特殊疑问句要进行具体回答） 表达方法一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。常常与表示将来的时间状语连用。常用的表达形式共有五种，现归纳如下： 用will或shall表示“助动词will或shall+动词原形”这一形式，表示将来发生的事情，用于征求对方的意见或表示客气的邀请。在口语中will用于所有人称，书面语中第一人称常用shall【其实will也可以用到】。如： 1. Tomorrow will be Sunday. 明天就是星期天。 2. The rain will stop soon. 雨很快就要停了。 3. Shall we go there at five? 我们五点钟去那儿，好吗？ 4. Will you please open the door? 请你把门打开，好吗？ 用be going to结构表示“be going to+动词原形”用来表示近期或事先考虑过的将要发生的动作以及已有迹象表明必将发生某事，意为“打算；就要”。如： 1. Were going to meet outside the school gate. 我们打算在校门口见面。 2. Look! It”s going to rain. 瞧！快下雨了。 用现在进行时表示表示位置转移的动词（如：go, come, leave, start, arrive等），可用现在进行时表示将来时。如： 1. Uncle Wang is coming. 王叔叔就要来了。 2. Theyre leaving for Beijing. 他们即将前往北京。 用一般现在时表示根据规定或时间表预计要发生的动作，在时间和条件状语从句中，都可用一般现在时表示将来时。如： 1. The new term starts (begins) on August 29th. 新学期八月二十九日开学。 2. If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go out for a picnic. 如果明天不下雨，我们将出去野餐。 用“be+动词不定式”或用“be about to +动词原形”的结构表示“be about to+动词原形”表示即将发生的动作，意为：很快，马上。后面一般不跟时间状语。如： 1. He is to visit Japan next year. 明年他将访问。 2. Theyre about to leave. (=Theyre leaving.) 他们就要走了。 时间状语tomorrow,the day after tomorrow,tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening next year/week/month/hour in+段时间 in the future 6this afternoon/Sunday/evening 7from now on 8one day,someday （未来的）某天 9soon 祈使句定义用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句，祈使句最常用于表达命令，因此在学校文法中也常称为命令句。 祈使句因对象（即主语）是第二人称，所以通常都省略。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时，句末则使用句号来表示结束。例： Go and wash your hands. （去洗你的手。命令） Be quiet, please.（Please be quiet.） （请安静。请求） Be kind to our sister. （对姊妹要和善。劝告）表现形式肯定结构: 1. Do型(即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)。如:Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。 有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。如:This way, please. = Go this way, please. 请这边走。 2. Be型(即:Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分)。如:Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子! 3. Let型(即:Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分)。如:Let me help you. 让我来帮你。 否定结构: 1. Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加dont构成。如:Dont forget me! 不要忘记我! Dont be late for school! 上学不要迟到! 2. Let型的否定式有两种:“Dont + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分”和“Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分”。如:Dont let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。 3. 有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。如:No smoking! 禁止吸烟!No fishing! 禁止钓鱼! 英语祈使句句型转换祈使句与陈述句的改写 1 祈使句=You must （陈述句） Come here .过来。 =You must come here . 你必须过来。 Dont do that again. 你一定不可以再那样做了。 2Please +祈使句=Will you (please) ?（陈述句） Please help me .请帮帮我。 =Will you (please) help me? 你愿意帮我的忙吗？ Come here on time ,please .请准时到这儿。 =Will you (please) come here on time ? 请你准时到好吗？ 3.含有第一、第三人称主语的祈使句Lets say good-bye here. 我们在此道别吧。 Dont let him do that again. 别让他再那么做了。. 祈使句练习. 根据汉语意思完成下列英语句子，每空一词。1. 这边请！ _ _, please!2. 我来帮你吧。 _ _ help you.3. 我们休息一下吧。 _ _ a rest.4. 让她走吧。 _ _ leave. 5. 要永远记住那个可怕的日子。 _ _ that terrible day.6. 务必告诉他这个消息！ _ _ him the news!. 单项选择( )7. _ this kind of peach, and you will like it. A. To try B. Trying C. Try D. Tried( )8. _ the radio, please. The baby is sleeping now. A. Not turn on B. Dont turn on C. Not turn down D. Dont turn down( )9. Please bring your homework to school tomorrow, Steven.OK, I _. A. will B. wont C. do D. dont( )10. Peter, dont step on the grass._. A. It doesnt matter B. I cant do it C. Dont worry D. Sorry, I wont do it again( )11. Remember to ask her to call me back._.A. Never mind B. Thats right C. Up to you D. All right( )12. Lets go out and enjoy the sunshine._. Its boring to stay at home.A. Sounds great B. Not at all C. Forget it D. No way( )13. _ late for school again, Tim!Sorry, I promise that I _.A. Dont; wont B. Dont be; wont C. Dont be; dont D. Dont; will( )14. Boys and girls, _ up your hands if you want to go for a picnic this weekend.A. putting B. to put C. put D. Puts过去时练习：写出下列动词的过去式isam_ fly_ plant_ are _ drink_play_ go_ make _ does_ dance_worry_ ask _ taste_ eat_ draw_put _ throw_ kick_ pass_ do _一、用be动词的适当形式填空。1. I _ an English teacher now.2. She _ happy yesterday.3. They _ glad to see each other last month.4. Helen and Nancy _ good friends.5. The little dog _ two years old this year.6. Look, there _ lots of grapes here.7. There _ a sign on the chair on Monday.8. Today _ the second of June. Yesterday _ the first of June. It _ Childrens Day. All the students _ very excited.二、句型转换。There was a car in front of the house just now.否定句：_一般疑问句：_ 肯定回答：_否定回答：_2 They played football in the playground.否定句：_一般疑问句：_ 肯定回答：_否定回答：_三、用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.2. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night.3. We _ to zoo yesterday, we _ to the park. (go)4. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?5. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _.6. Gao Shan _ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.7. I _ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother _.8. What _ she _ (find) in the garden last morning?She _ (find) a beautiful butterfly.9. It _ (be) Bens birthday last Friday 10. We all _ (have) a good time last night.11. He _ (jump) high on last Sports Day. 12. Helen _ (milk) a cow on Friday.13. She likes _ newspapers, but she _ a book yesterday. (read)14. He _ football now, but they _ basketball just now. (play)15. Jims mother _ (plant) trees just now.16. _ they _ (sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, they _.17. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Monday. 18 We _ (go) to school on Sunday.19. It _ (be) the 2nd of November yesterday. Mr White _ (go) to his office by car.20. Gao Shan _ (put) the book on his head a moment ago.21. Dont _ the house. Mum _ it yesterday. (clean)22. What _ you _ just now? I _ some housework. (do)23. They _ (make) a kite a week ago.24. I want to _ apples. But my dad _ all of them last month. (pick)25. _ he _ the flowers this morning? Yes, he _. (water)26. She _ (be) a pretty girl. Look, she _ (do) Chinese dances.27. The students often _ (draw) some pictures in the art room.28.What _ Mike do on the farm? He _ cows. (milk)一般将来时( ) 1. There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be ( ) 2. Charlie _ here next month. A. isnt working B. doesnt working C. isnt going to working D. wont work ( ) 3. He _ very busy this week, he _free next week. A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be ( ) 4. There _a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening. A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be ( ) 5. _ you _ free tomorrow? No. I _ free the day after tomorrow. A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be ( ) 6. Mother _ me a nice present on my next birthday. A. will gives B. will give C. gives D. give ( ) 7. Shall I buy a cup of tea for you? _. （不，不要。） A. No, you wont. B. No, you arent. C. No, please dont. D. No, please.( ) 8. Where is the morning paper? I _ if for you at once. A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get ( ) 9. _ a concert next Saturday? A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are( ) 10. If they come, we _ a meeting. A. have B. will have C.had D. would have( ) 11. He _ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday. A. gives B. gave C. will giving D. is going to giving ( ) 12. He _ to us as soon as he gets there. A. writes B. has written C. will write D. wrote ( ) 13. He _ in three days. A. coming back B. came back C. will come back D. is going to coming back ( ) 14. If it _ tomorrow, well go roller-skating. A. isnt rain B. wont rain C. doesnt rain D. doesnt fine ( ) 15. Will hi