自制定语从句课件

高中英语语法专题 定语从句 Learningaims学习目标 1 什么是定语 哪些可以作定语 2 什么是定语从句 什么是先行词 什么是关系词 定语从句有哪些关系词 关系词的作用是什么 定语从句的位置 定语 修饰名词或代词的成分 哪些可做定语 名词 名词所有格 形容词 数词 代词 分词或分词短语 动词不定式 介词短语 定语从句等 Eg 1 Theyarewomenworkers 2 Tom sfatherdidn twritehomeuntilyesterday 3 Equalpayforequalworkshouldbeintroduced 4 Theplayhasthreeacts 5 ThisisherfirsttriptoEurope 6 Chinaisadevelopingcountry 7 Thebooksontheshelfaremine 8 Themanstandingthereismyfather 8 ThosewhowanttogotoTibetaretosigntheirnameshere 名词 名词所有格 形容词 数词 代词 数词 现在分词 介词短语 从句 分词短语 定语从句定义 在复合句 两个或两个以上的句子 中 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句 先行词 是定语从句所修饰的词 关系词 定语从句的引导词关系代词 包括that which who m whose关系词关系副词 包括when where why关系词作用 一 连接定语从句二 代替先行词在句中充当某个成分 Eg Thegirlwhowearsredclothesismysister 其中 先行词 关系代词 定语从句 注意 这句话可拆成两个句子 但为了使句子更连贯合在一起成了定语从句 Thegirlwearsredclothes Thegirlismysister 主句 注意 翻译时应该把定语从句翻译在先行词之前 的 译 那个穿红衣服的女孩是我的姐姐 关系词有以下几个 所修饰的先行词所作成分That 人 物主语 宾语 可省去 表语Which物主语 宾语 可省去 Who人主语 宾语 可省去 Whom人宾语 可省去 Whose人 物定语When时间名词时间状语Where地点名词地点状语Why原因名词原因状语Thestory that youreadistherescue 在这句话中that指物 做宾语 关系代词 关系副词 分析下列定语从句1 Thestudentswhodon tstudyhardwillnotpasstheexam 先行词students 关系词 who 定语从句 whodon tstudyhard 2 ThewomanwhomyousawintheparkisourEnglishteacher 3 TomistheboywhosemotherisourEnglishteacher 4 Isthattheparrotwhichyouarelookingfor 请进一步分析定语从句及成分 用适合的关系代词填空 方法 1 看先行词是人是物 2 看所缺成分 1 Aplaneisamachine canfly 2 Thecar myuncleboughtlastweekwasstolen 3 Thestudents don tstudyhardwillnotpasstheexam 4 Thewoman yousawintheparkisourEnglishteacher which that which that who that whom that who 6 Misssmithistheteacher housecaughtfirelastweek 7 Theyplantedthetrees don tneedmuchwater whose Which that 将下面的简单句改写成定语从句 并进行翻译 1 Imetthegirl ThegirllookslikeLily Imetthegirlwho thatlookslikeLily 2 Thehouseismine Thehousestandsonthehill Thehousewhich thatstandsonthehillismine 3 ThemanisinShanghai Hewantedtoseethemanlastweek Themanwho thathewantedtoseelastweekisinShanghai 4 Thecupismine tombrokethecup Thecupwhich that brokeismine 5 Iknowtheboy Theboy sparentsareteachers Iknowtheboywhoseparentsareteachers 6 Doyouknowthegirl Thegirl smotherworkshere Doyouknowthegirlwhosemotherworkshere 我们知道that和who都能用作主语 宾语 都指人 that和which都能用作主语和宾语 都指物 但是以下情况只能用that1先行词既有指人又有指物 2当先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级时 3先行词被有theonly thevery 恰好 刚好 thejust 恰好 刚好 thelast no little few any等修饰时 4先行词是all much few little any one everything anything nothing thing s little none 等不定代词时 5主句是以who which what开头的特殊疑问句时6当先行词在定语从句中作表语时 Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatitwas Fillinthegaps 1 Theterribletyphoonkilledthepeopleandcattle wereinthefields 2 Thewindblewdownthetallesttree isinfrontofourschoolgate 3 Thisistheverything Iwaslookingfor 4 Thisisthesecondnovel Ihaveeverread 5 Thereisnothingintheworld canfrightenme 6 Whoistheman isreadingunderthetree 7 Myhometownisnotthesameone itusedtobetwentyyearsago that that that 不填 that 不填 that that that 二 只能用who的情况当先行词为one ones anyone those修饰人和therebe句型中 Thosewhobreakthelawshouldbepunished Thereisateacherwhowantstoseeyou 三 只能用which不能用that的情况 引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物 或整个句子时 a Brucewenttowardthefire whichwasstillsmoking b Hecamelateagain whichmadetheteacherangry 关系代词whom which在从句中作介词的宾语时 可以和介词一起放在从句和先行词之间 Mr Readistheprofessortowhomyoushouldwrite Thisisthehouseinwhichyoulive Thisisthehouse youlivein Which that B 与谓语动词的搭配习惯1 Haveyoufoundthebook Ipaid29USdollars 2 Haveyoufoundthebook Ispent29USdollars 3 Haveyoufoundthebook welearntalot 4 Haveyoufoundthebook sheoftentalks forwhich onwhich fromwhich aboutwhich 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 Mysister whoistwenty worksinabank Themanwhocamehereyesterdayhascomeagain 限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语 如果去掉 主句的意思就不完整或失去意义 这种从句和主句关系十分密切 写时不用逗号分开 非限制性定语从句和主句关系不很密切 只是对先行词作些附加说明 如果去掉 主句的意思仍然清楚 这种从句 写时往往与逗号分开 并且不用that 关系副词 在从句中只作状语 不作主宾 When时间状语Where地点壮语Why原因状语 1 IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing 2 Thisisthehousewherewelivedinlastyear 3 Hecouldn tgivetheteacheragoodreasonwhyhewaslateforschool 注意 其中关系副词 介词 which 用什么介词看先行词 1 onwhich2 inwhich3 forwhich 归纳 关系副词when指时间 关系副词where指地点 why指原因 在定语从句中作状语 但是 即使先行词是时间地点 若作从句中的主宾语 只能用关系代词that which注意 有时候关系副词 介词 which 用什么介词看先行词 Fillintheblanks 1 Istillremembertheday wespentintheforest 2 Istillremembertheday IfirstcametoBeijing 3 Thefactory wewillvisitislarge 4 I llneverforgetthetime weworkonthefarm 5 Thisisthehouse welivedlastyear that which when onwhich that which when atwhich where inwhich 介词 关系代词 即 介词 whom which 引导定语从句应注意 1介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素A 与先行词的搭配关系1 Iwillneverforgettheday Ijoinedthearmy 2 Iwillneverforgetthedays Iworkedintheschool 3 Iwillneverforgettheyear mysonwenttocollege 4 Igothomeat7 00p m yesterday mostpeoplehadhadsupper onwhich duringwhich inwhich bywhich 选讲 1 Thatbookthatyouwantitisonthedesk 2 Isthisfactorythatwevisitedlastweek theone Thisfactoryistheonethatwevisitedlastweek 3 Heisthepersonforwhomyouarelooking for 4 ThepersontowhomyoutalkedisLily ThepersonwhomyoutalkedtoisLily 归纳 1定语从句要避免成分重复2定语从句要避免漏用先行词3含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开 选讲 Corrections 1 Themanjustsaidhellotomeismychemistryteacher who 2 Whoisthecomradeyoujustshookhandswithhim 3 Egyptisacountrywhereisfamousforitspyramids wherewhich 4 ThisisthebestdictionarywhichIhaveeverused whichthat 5 Thehousewhereweliveinisnotverylarge wherewhich that 6 Thehousethatitwasbuiltin1970stayedupintheearthquake 2 介词 whom which 与 whom which that 介词 的转换 1 Thechaironwhichsheissittingismadeofwood Thechair which that sheissittingonismadeofwood 2 Isthisthebookwhichyouarelookingfor 介词for不能与look分开 3 way作先行词1 Theway inwhich that helooksattheproblemsiswrong 4 表所有关系及整体中的一部分或全部时 用介词of 有时可用whose转换 1 Thereare100teachersinourschool 60arewomenteachers 2 Hehasthreechildren two workasteachers 3 Thattablehasfourlegs all areveryshort 4 I mpaintingahouse theroof isround I mpaintingahousewhoseroofis 5 Theyliveinahouse windowsfacesouth Theyliveinahouse thewindows facesouth ofwhom ofwhom ofwhich ofwhich whose ofwhich 用介词 关系代词填空1Theboywasstayingintheroom windowhecouldclimbdown 2 He stheman Ilearntthenews 3 Who sthecomrade youjustshookhands 4 Thereare52studentsinourclass nearly40areLeaguemembers 5 Iknowaladythehusband isaNobelPrizewinner 6 Doyouknowthedriverwhocausedthetrafficaccident amanwaskilled 7 Thisistheway shestudiesEnglish throughwhose fromwhom withwhom ofwhom ofwhom inwhich inwhich 8 The5yuan heboughtthebookwasgivenbyhisfriend 9 ThestoryaboutShakespeare thisisoneexample iswellwritten 10 Theoldmanalwayswearshisglasses hecan tseeanything 11 Thekey shewasopeningthedoorbroke 12 Thelibrary weoftengoonSundaysisnotfarfromourschool 13 Nooneknowthereason sheisleavingsoearly 14 Atlasttheycametoariver anewbridgeisbeingbuilt forwhich ofwhich without which withwhich towhich forwhich overwhich 关系代词引导的定语从句 Completethefollowingsentences 1 Isthistheschool youvisitedlastyear Isthisschool youvisitedlastyear 2 Heisoneofthestudentswho goodatmaths Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho goodatmaths 3 Thegirl Ithinkwashonestliedtome Thegirl Ithinktobehonestliedtome 4 Chinaisnolonger shewas10yearsago Chinaisnolongerthecountry shewas10yearsago