动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则.doc

动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则不规则动词过去式和过去分词动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则不规则动词过去式和过去分词归纳(一)、不规则动词过去式和过去分词动词的过去式和过去分词是初中英语教学中的重点，而有些动词的不规则变化是这些重点中的难点，但这些不规则变化也不是毫无规律可循的。现将初中英语中一些常用的不规则动词变化介绍如下。一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词，结尾字母一般是t或d。如：cut-cut-cut,hit-hit-hit,put-put-put,cost-cost-cost,let-let-let,shut-shut-shut,set-set-set,hurt-hurt-hurt,spread-spread-spread特殊：动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致，read-read-read，但发音分别是ri：d-red-red。二、有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的。如：come-came-come,become-became-become,run-ran-run,overcome-overcame-overcome三、有些动词的过去式和过去分词相同。如：1.把单词结尾的字母d改为t。如：lend-lent-lent,spend-spent-spent,send-sent-sent 2.改变单词中间元音字母。如：sit-sat-sat,win-won-won,shine-shone-shone,hold-held-held 3.以eep结尾的动词，把eep改为ept。如：keep-kept-kept,sleep-slept-slept,sweep-swept-swept 4.过去式和过去分词都以augh或ough结尾的动词。如：buy-bought-bought,fight-fought-fought,think-thought-thought,bring-brought-brought,teach-taught-taught,catch-caught-caught 5.有的以ay结尾的动词，在过去式和过去分词中把ay变成aid。如：say-said-said,lay-laid-laid,pay-paid-paid 6.另有一些其它形式的变化。如：have-had-had,learn-learnt-learnt,leave-left-left,lose-lost-lost,make-made-made,meet-met-met,feel-felt-felt四、有些动词原形中含有字母i，在过去式中变i为a，在过去分词中变i为u。如：五、以字母ow或aw结尾的动词，在变成过去式时，通常把元音字母变成e，在变成过去分词时，通常只在词尾加n。如：blow-blew-blown,draw-drew-drawn,grow-grew-grown,throw-threw-thrown,know-knew-known六、有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en，变成以en结尾的单词。如：rise-rose-risen,give-gave-given,take-took-taken,fall-fell-fallen,drive-drove-driven,eat-ate-eaten特殊：write-wrote-written,speak-spoke-spoken,ride-rode-ridden,get-got-gotten(二)、动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。1)规则变化情况例词读音与说明动词原形过去式过去分词一般在动词原形后加-ed look-looked-lookedluktcall-called-calledkC：ldopen-opened-opened5EupEndneed-needed-neededni：did-ed在清辅音音素后发音为t，在浊辅音后发音为d，在元音后发音也为d-ed在t、d后发音为id但fix的过去式和过去分词x不双写，为fixed.以-e结尾的动词加-d move-moved-movedmu：vdphone-phoned-phonedfEundhope-hoped-hopedhEuptagree-agreed-agreedE5ri：d以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed study-studied-studied5stQdidcarry-carried-carried5kAridtry-tried-triedtraid以原音字母加y结尾的词，直接加-ed play-played-playedpleidenjoy-enjoyed-enjoyedin5dVCidstay-stayed-stayedsteid末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，双写该辅音字母，再加-ed stop-stopped-stoppedstCptplan-planned-plannedplAndfit-fitted-fitted5fitid以-r音节结尾的词，双写r字母，再加-ed prefer-preferred-preferredprIf：drefer-referred-referredri5fE：2)不规则变化英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则，可分为五种情况。1.动词原形、过去式和过去分词完全同形。cut(切)，hit(打)，cast(扔)，hurt(伤害)，put(放)，let(让)shut(关)，cost(花费)，set(放)，rid(清除)，2.过去式与过去分词完全同形。例：原形过去式过去分词find(找到)pay(支付)leave(离开)lend(借出)meet(遇见)keep(保持)lose(丢失)teach(教)sit(坐)lead(引导)win(赢)除)3.动词原形与过去分词同形例：原形过去式过去分词come(来)-came-come run(跑)-ran-run become(成为)-became-become 4.动词原形、过去式、过去分词形式完全不同。例：原形过去式过去分词give(给)-gave-given fly(飞)-flew-flown drink(喝)-drank-drunk see(看见)-saw-seen go(去)-went-gone know(知道)-knew-known wear(穿)-wore-worn speak(说)-spoke-spoken 5.过去式和过去分词有两种形式例：原形过去式过去分词burn(燃烧)-burned/burnt-burned/burnt learn(学习)-learned/learnt-learned/learnt smell(闻)-smelled/smelt-smelled/smelt spell(拼写)-spelled/spelt-spelled/spelt shine(照射)-shined/shone-shined/shone leap(跳)-leaped/leapt-leaped/leapt提示a.beat的过去式与原形同形：比：beat(打击)beat(过去式)beaten(过去分词)b.lie有规则变化和不规则变化两种，含义不同比：lie lied,lied(说谎)lay,lain(躺，位于)c.hang有规则变化和不规则变化两种，含义不同比：hang hanged,hanged(处绞刑)hung,hung(挂，吊)d.welcome(欢迎)一词是规则动词，不可误用为不规则动词比：welcome welcomed,welcomed(正)welcome,welcome(误)e.不要将不规则动词误用为规则动词比：hit(打)hit,hit(正)hitted,hitted(误)(三)、不规则动词过去式和过去分词归纳A.原形与过去式和过去分词完全相同.cost-cost-cost cut-cut-cut put-put-put let-let-let set-set-set hit-hit-hit shut-shut-shut hurt-hurt-hurt read-read-read读音/e/lie-lied-lied说谎lay-laid-laid放置,下蛋lay-lain躺下,位于,平放eg.The hens dont _eggs during such cold weather.She _her books on the table._ B.过去式与过去分词完全相同1.过去式和过去分词中含有ought,aught,读音是：tbright-brought-brought think-thought-thought buy-bought-bought catch-caught-caught teach-taught-taught 2.动词原形中的e为o，变成过去式和过去分词。get-got-got sell-sold-sold tell-told-told 3.动词原形中i为a,sit-sat-sat spit-spat-spat 4.动词原形中i为o,win-won-won shine-shone/shined-shone/shined 5.动词原形中an为oo,stand-stood-stood understand-understood-understood 6.动词原形中的ay为ai,say-said-said pay-paid-paid 7.a)动词原形中的d为t,send-sent-sent lend-lent-lent spend-spent-spent build-built-built b)动词原形最后一个字母改为t,smell-smelt-smelt lose-lost-lost c)动词原形后加一个字母t,learn-learnt-learnt mean-meant-meant读音/e/d)动词原形中的ee去掉一个字母e,然后在词尾加t.字母e发音/e/feel-felt-felt sleep-slept-slept sweep-swept-swept keep-kept-kept其它meet-met-met have-had-had hold-held-held make-made-made dig-dug-dug hear-heard-heard find-found-found hang-hung-hung C.原型与过去分词相同come-came-come run-ran-run become-became-become D.原形，过去式，和过去分词完全不同1.把动词原形中i改为a变成过去式，改成u变成过去分词.begin-began-begun drink-drank-drunk ring-rang-rung swim-swam-swum sing-sang-sung 2.把动词原形中o改为e变成过去式，在原形词尾加n变成过去分词.blow-blew-blown grow-grew-grown know-knew-known throw-threw-thrown fly-flew/flu：/-flown(和以上相似)3.以下动词的过去分词都以en结尾，故把它们分为一类.a)把动词原形中i改为o变成过去式，在词尾加n变成过去分词.drive-drove-driven rise-rose-risen write-wrote-written(双写t)ride-rode-ridden(双写d)b)把动词原形中ea改为o,在词尾加e变成过去式，在过去式后加n变成过去分词.speak-spoke-spoken steal-stole-stolen break-broke-broken c)把动词原形中的个别字母或字母组合改为o变成过去式,在过去式后加n变成过去分词.wake-woke-woken freeze-froze-frozen choose-chose-chosen forget-forgot-forgotten(双写t，加en)d)其它过去分词以en结尾的动词eat-ate-eaten beat-beat-beaten fall-fell-fallen give-gave-given see-saw-seen take-took-taken mistake-mistook-mistaken hide-hid-hidden(双写d)E.没有过去分词的动词can-could-may-might-shall-should-will-would-其它am,is-was-been are-were-been do-did-done draw-drew-drawn go-went-gone show-showed-shown wear-wore-worn不规则动词的过去式不规则动词的过去式是同学们学习的重点，也是一个难点。同学们应通过不规则动词的动词原形和它们的过去式找出其变化规律，总结如下：1.把动词原形中的o改为a，变成过去式。过去分词不变.如：become-became,come-came 2.把动词原形中的i改为a，变成过去式。如：begin-began，drink-drank，give-gave，ring-rang，sing-sang，sit-sat，swim-swam，sink-sank，3.把重读开音节中的i改为o，变成过去式。如：drive-drove，ride-rode，shine-shone，win-won，write-wrote 4.动词原形中的e改为o，变成过去式。如：get-got，forget-forgot 5.动词原形中的eep改为ept，变成过去式。如：keep-kept，sleep-slept，sweep-swept 6.动词原形中的an改为oo，变成过去式。如：stand-stood，understand-understood 7.改动词原形中的aw/ow为ew，变成过去式。如：draw-drew，grow-grew，know-knew，throw-threw(动词show除外，show-showed)8.动词原形中的eak改为oke，变成过去式。如：break-broke，speak-spoke 9.动词原形中的ell改为old，变成过去式。如：sell-sold，tell-told 10.以ought和aught结尾，且读音是：t的过去式。如：bring-brought，buy-b