材料力学 英文版.ppt

1 CHAPTER0INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION 2 第零章绪论 材料力学 绪论 3 CHAPTER0INTRODUCTION 0 1THERESEARCHOBJECTOFMECHANICSOFMATERIALS 0 2THETASKSOFMECHANICSOFMATERIALSANDITSRELATIONWITHENGINEERING 0 3THEPROPERTIESANDTHEFUNDAMENTALASSUMPTIONSOFTHESOLIDDEFORMABLEBODIES 0 4BASICTYPESOFTHEDEFORMATIONOFRODS INTRODUCTION 4 第零章绪论 材料力学 研究物体受力后的内在表现 即 变形规律和破坏特征 0 1材料力学的研究对象 0 2材料力学的任务及与工程的联系 0 3可变形固体的性质及基本假设 0 4杆件变形的基本形式 绪论 5 LeonardoDaVincisaid mechanicsisamathematicparadise becauseweacquiredmathematics sfruithere LeonardoDaVinci GalileoGalilei Hemadeadetailedstudyonthebasicconceptsofmovementincludingthecenterofgravity speedandaccelerationandcameupwiththerigidmathematicformulas Especiallytheconceptofaccelerationisthemilestoneinthehistoryofmechanics Galileo 1564 1642 isaGermanastronomer mechanistandphilosopher HewasborninPisaonFeb151564anddiedonJan 81642atthesameplace INTRODUCTION 6 绪论 达芬奇说 力学是数学的乐园 因为我们在这里获得了数学的果实 达芬奇 伽利略 7 INTRODUCTION Heonceinformallyproposedlawofinertia whichestablishedthefoundationforNewtontoproposeformallythefirstlawandthesecondlaw ItcanbesaidthatGalileoisthePioneerofNewtoninthesettlementoftheclassicalmechanics Galileoalsobroughtupwiththelawofresultantandtheruleoftheparabolicmotionandsetuptheprincipleofrelativity Heisthefirstscientisttomakeatotofachievementsbythetelescope Hekeptonfightingwiththeidealismandchurchphilosophyandsuggestedthatweshouldstudythelawofnaturebyspecificexperimentsandthoughtthatexperiencesarethesourceoftheory GalileoGalilei 8 绪论 达芬奇说 力学是数学的乐园 因为我们在这里获得了数学的果实 达芬奇 伽利略 9 Introduction Herearehiscontributionstomechanics hemadeafurtherstudyonthebasisofGalileoGalileiandotherpeopleandconcludedthethreeprinciplesofobjects movementandmadeafirmfoundationformechanics Heisthediscovererofthegravitationlawandsetupthetheoreticalsystemoftheclassicalmechanics Healsomadeprofoundcontributionstothefieldofmathematics opticsandastronomy ishismostimportantwork Heconcludedmanyimportantdiscoveriesandstudyresultsinallhislifeinthebook IsaacNewton 1642 1727 isagreatBritishphysicist mathematicianandastronomer HewasborninafamilyofpeasantsinLincolnonDec251624anddiedofKidneystoneinLondononMar201727 10 绪论 11 Introduction Hebeganhiscreativeworkbetween1903and1906anddidresearchintheUniversityinGermanyeveryyearsupervisedbyfamousscholars Hewasaprofessorofcollegesbetween1907and1917 HecametoAmericain1922andengagedinthestudyofmechanics In1928 hefound themechanicsdepartmentofASME andheld variouskindsofmechanicsseminarsperiodically Hehasmanyworksonappliedapplyingmechanics Especiallysincetheyearoflatetwentieshehaswrittenabout20booksappliedsuchas andexceptthathehasdonesomeworkinteachingandtrainingmaters S PisaRussiandynamicistwithAmericannationality HewasborninUkraineonDec 231878anddiedinGermanonMay 291972 12 绪论 13 Introduction Hemakesgreatcontributionstotheresearchoflocaldamageandtheengineeringapplicationoffracturedynamics Hehastrainedsomeresearchersinmechanics Heisactiveinacademicactivitiesandtakessomepositionsbothathomeandabroad Heisacouncilmemberofthefirstsessioncouncilconference Hecouncilchairpersonofthesecondsessioncouncilconferenceandtheexecutivemanagerofthethirdsessioncouncilconference HewasborninfamilyinShoucity Anhuiprovince NowheistheprofessorofSouthwestJiaoTongUniversity SunXunfangisanengineeringmechanistandmechanicseducationist Hehasengagedintheresearchoffracture damage fatigueandcreepofsolidmechanics Heisthefirsttoapplyfracturedynamicstopracticeanddevelopedthemethodofanalysisinelasto plasticfracturedynamicswithsurfacecracksandassessmentinintegrity 14 绪论 15 0 1THERESEARCHOBJECTSOFMECHANICSOFMATERIALS 1 Structuremembers 2 Classificationofstructuremembers INTRODUCTION 16 0 1材料力学的研究对象 1 构件 2 构件分类 绪论 Beamsandrodsarethemainresearchobjectsofmechanicsofmaterials INTRODUCTION 材料力学以 梁 杆 为主要研究对象 绪论 Moststructuresaremadeupfromthebeamsandrods INTRODUCTION 工程中多为梁 杆结构 绪论 21 0 2THETASKSOFMECHANICSOFMATERIALSANDITSRELATIONWITHENGINEERING Strength rigidity stability INTRODUCTION 22 0 2材料力学的任务及与工程的联系 强度 刚度 稳定性 绪论 23 INTRODUCTION 24 绪论 25 Thetasksofmechanicsofmaterials Undertherequestthatthestrength rigidity stabilityaresatisfied offerthenecessarytheoreticalfoundationandcalculationmethodfordeterminingreasonableshapesanddimensions choosingpropermaterialsforthecomponentsatthemosteconomicprice INTRODUCTION 26 材料力学的任务 在满足强度 刚度 稳定性的要求下 以最经济的代价 为构件确定合理的形状和尺寸 选择适宜的材料 而提供必要的理论基础和计算方法 绪论 27 1 Strength Capacitytoresistfailureofacomponentoranelement INTRODUCTION 28 1 强度 构件的抗破坏能力 绪论 INTRODUCTION 绪论 31 INTRODUCTION 32 绪论 33 INTRODUCTION 34 绪论 35 2 Rigidity Capacitytoresistdeformationsofacomponentoranelement INTRODUCTION 36 2 刚度 构件的抗变形能力 绪论 37 INTRODUCTION 38 绪论 39 INTRODUCTION 40 绪论 41 Strengthandrigidity INTRODUCTION 42 强度和刚度 绪论 43 Problemsaboutthestrengthandrigidityofengineeringcomponents INTRODUCTION 44 工程构件的强度 刚度问题 绪论 3Stability Capacitytoremaintheoriginalstateinequilibriumofacomponentoranelement INTRODUCTION 构件保持原有平衡状态的能力 3 稳定性 绪论 47 Problemsaboutthestrength rigidityandstabilityofengineeringstructures rigidity INTRODUCTION 48 工程结构的强度 刚度和稳定问题 绪论 49 Thereareproblemsaboutthestrength rigidityandstabilityinabicyclestructuretoo INTRODUCTION 50 自行车结构也有强度 刚度和稳定问题 绪论 51 Thespacestationandspaceimplements INTRODUCTION 52 空间站和航天器 绪论 53 Airplanesandguidedmissilesintheweaponindustry INTRODUCTION 54 兵器工业 飞机与导弹 绪论 55 weaponindustry INTRODUCTION 56 兵器工业 绪论 57 civilaviation INTRODUCTION 58 民用航空 绪论 59 vehicleandroad INTRODUCTION 60 车辆与道路 绪论 61 Problemsaboutthestrength rigidityandstabilityinlargebridges INTRODUCTION 62 大型桥梁的强度 刚度 稳定问题 绪论 63 Macaobridge NanpubridgeinShanghai Somefamousbridgesinourcountry NanjingYangtzeRiverbridge INTRODUCTION 64 澳门桥 上海南浦大桥 我国著名桥梁 南京长江大桥 绪论 65 INTRODUCTION 66 绪论 67 INTRODUCTION 68 绪论 69 Makeholeplatformforoceanpetroleum INTRODUCTION 70 海洋石油钻井平台 绪论 71 0 3THEPROPERTIESANDTHEFUNDAMENTALASSUMPTIONOFTHESOLIDDEFORMABLEBODIES 1 Continuity Thematerialofasoliddeformablebodyiscontinuouslydistributedoveritsvolumesothattherearenotanycracks defectsorholesetc 2 Homogeneity Thematerialofthesoliddeformablebodyishomogeneouslydistributedoveritsvolumesothatthesmallestelementcutfromthebodypossessesthesamespecificmechanicalpropertiesasthebody 3 Isotropy Themechanicalpropertiesarethesameinalldirectionsa