轮心堆焊机总体方案及减速器设计开题报告

编号无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）相关资料题目： 轮心堆焊机总体方案及减速器设计 信机 系 机械工程及自动化专业学 号： 0923112 学生姓名： 葛俊青 指导教师： 高汉华 （职称：副教授 ） （职称： ）2013年5月25日目 录一、毕业设计（论文）开题报告二、毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译及原文三、学生“毕业论文（论文）计划、进度、检查及落实表”四、实习鉴定表无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）开题报告题目： 轮心堆焊机总体方案及减速器设计 信机 系 机械工程及自动化 专业学 号： 0923112 学生姓名： 葛俊青 指导教师： 高汉华（职称：副教授） （职称： ）2012年11月20日课题来源来源于生活实际。科学依据（包括课题的科学意义；国内外研究概况、水平和发展趋势；应用前景等）（1）课题科学意义环面蜗轮蜗杆减速器设计属于机械设计，设计主要针对执行机构的运动展开。为了达到求的运动精度和生产率 ，必须要求系统具有一定的传动精度并且各传动元件之间满足一定的关系，以实现个零件的协调动作。 此外，通过环面蜗轮蜗杆减速器设计的训练，可以进一步提高我对机械设计(包括设计计算、工程制图等方面)的能力，使我在设计过程中培养严谨的工作作风和独立工作的能力，同时也加深了我识图、制图、运算和编写技术文件等的基本技能。（2）减速器的研究状况及其发展前景国内的现状减速机在我国的发展已有近40年的历史，广泛应用于国民经济及国防工业的各个领域。主要行业有：电力机械、冶金机械、环保机械、电子电器、筑路机械、化工机械、食品机械、轻工机械、矿山机械、输送机械、建筑机械、建材机械、水泥机械、橡胶机械、水利机械、石油机械等，这些行业使用减速机产品的数量已占全国各行业使用减速机总数的60%70%。减速器在原动机和工作机之间起匹配转速和传递转矩的作用，在现代机械中应用极为广泛。减速器具有的普遍优势是：高水平、高性能、积木式组合设计、形式多样化、变型设计多等特点。国内的发展概况国内的减速器多以齿轮传动、蜗杆传动为主，但普遍存在着功率与重量比小，或者传动比大而机械效率过低的问题。另外，材料品质和工艺水平上还有许多弱点。由于在传动的理论上、工艺水平和材料品质方面没有突破，因此，没能从根本上解决传递功率大、传动比大、体积小、重量轻、机械效率高等这些基本要求。研究内容参考指定文献资料，了解减速器的发展现状及设计方法。根据给定参数，设计一台蜗轮蜗杆减速器，包括传动方案选择、绘制装配图与零件图。拟采取的研究方法、技术路线、实验方案及可行性分析研究方法：该设计内容包括传动件的设计，执行件的设计以及设备零件等的设计。首先，掌握环面蜗轮蜗杆的结构设计、工作原理、进行现场调研、收集资料、拟定、分析传动装置的设计方案。其次，根据给定参数选择电机，计算传动装置各部主要几何尺寸。 最后确定传动件和箱体轴承座的结构，和完成蜗杆轴系部件、箱体结构以及传动件蜗轮结构的设计，以及蜗轮、蜗杆零件图的设计。研究计划及预期成果研究计划：2012年11月12日-2012年12月2日按照任务书要求查阅论文相关参考资料，填写毕业设计开题报告书2012年12月3日-2013年1月20日进入工厂实习，了解企业生产流程2013年2月11日-2月16日查找一篇关于轮心堆焊机总体方案及减速器的学术性英文资料2013年2月18日-4月20日绘制减速器装配图和零件图2013年4月22日-4月27日根据所下载的资料，构思并开始写说明书2013年4月29日-5月3日将整篇文章的脉络、细节加以完善，用词准确，不出现病句等。2013年5月6日-5月10说明书按照模板进行修改2013年5月13日-5月18日打印说明书和图纸及相关资料2013年5月20日-5月25日整理资料，并熟读资料，做好充分准备预期成果：本课题的主要研究目标是，通过设计堆焊机减速器，达到最终可以让堆焊机减速器按工作要求来运动，从而实现作业。特色或创新之处广泛应用在速度与扭矩的转换设备。已具备的条件和尚需解决的问题 本课题的重点：传动装置各部主要几何尺寸，并进行轴、轴承、联轴器、键的设计及校核。 本课题的难点：主要加工零件的工艺方案，总装配图及主要零件图。前期已开展工作：由于设计资料少，现场实践经验不够。我会查取各种相关资料，并充分利用网络获得有用的设计信息。毕业设计由于本人缺乏经验，中间会存在许多设计不合理的地方。针对此点我会主动和指导老师联系，争取优质优良的完成。指导教师意见 指导教师签名：年 月 日教研室（学科组、研究所）意见 教研室主任签名： 年 月 日系意见 主管领导签名： 年 月 日英文原文Wheel gears spreading to move is a the most wide kind of the application spreads to move a form in the modern machine. Its main advantage BE:The. spreads to move to settle, work than in a moment steady, spread to move accurate credibility, can deliver space arbitrarily sport and the motive of the of two stalks；Power and speed scope applies are wide； spreads to move an efficiency high, =8； work is dependable, service life long； Outline size outside the is small, structure tightly packed.The wheel gear constituted to； from wheel gear, stalk, bearings and box body decelerates a machine, useding for prime mover and work machine or performance organization of, have already matched to turn soon and deliver a function of turning , the application is extremely extensive in the modern machine. Local deceleration machine much with the wheel gear spread to move, the pole spread to move for lord, but widespread exist power and weight ratio small, or spread to move ratio big but the machine efficiency lead a low problem.There are also many weaknesses on material quality and craft level moreover, the especially large deceleration machines problem is more outstanding, the service life isnt long.The deceleration machine of abroad, with Germany, Denmark and Japan be placed in to lead a position, occupying advantage in the material and the manufacturing craft specially, decelerating the machine work credibility like, service life long.But it spreads to move a form to still take settling stalk wheel gear to spread to move as lord, physical volume and weight problem, dont also resolve likeThe direction which decelerates a machine to is the facing big power and spread to move ratio, small physical volume, high machine efficiency and service life to grow greatly nowadays develops.Decelerating the connecting of machine and electric motor body structure is also the form which expands strongly, and have already produced various structure forms and various products of power model numbers.Be close to ten several in the last yearses, control a technical development because of the modern calculator technique and the number, make the machine process accuracy, process an efficiency to raise consumedly, pushed a machine to spread the diversification of movable property article thus, the mold piece of the whole machine kit turns, standardizing, and shape design the art turn, making product more fine, the beauty turns.Become a set a machine material in 21 centuries medium, the wheel gear is still a machine to spread a dynamic basic parts.CNC tool machine and the craft technical development, pushed a machine to spread to move structure to fly to develop soon.Be spreading to move the electronics control, liquid in the system design to press to spread to move, wheel gear, take the mixture of chain to spread to move, will become become soon a box to design in excellent turn to spread to move a combination of direction.The academics that is in spread move the design crosses, will become new spread a movable property article the important trend of the development.Essential character：Reduction gear、 Bearing 、gear 、mechanical driveSummaryThis time graduate the design to have the contents a to design concerning the machine that decelerate the complets system.Decelerating the machine is a kind of from close to move in the rigid wheel gear in the hull is an independent complete organization .Pass thisa design can then the first step controls general simple a set of complete designs step and methods of the machine.This time graduate the design to introduce the type function of the deceleration machine and constitute the etc. primarily , made use of all.directionsly learned the knowledge .Such as:Machine graphics ,the metals material craft learns the theories knowledge that business trip etc.already learn. In actual production can analysis definitely reach agreement .The general type that decelerate the machine has:The cylinder wheel gear decelerates the machine ,cone wheel gear decelerates the machine ,wheel gear.cochlea pole decelerates the machine ,stalk park type decelerates machine ,assembles type decelerate machine ,couplet type decelerate machine ,couplet type decelerate machine .Further educated in this time design independent ability that engineering design, set up the right design thought controls the in common use machine spare parts ,the machine spread to move the device with the simple machine design of method with step ,the consideration that request synthesize usage the request of economic craft etc . make sure the reasonable design project .Key phrase: reducer rigidity technolic components/zeroporatPrecent/projectPlanetary gear reducer gear reducer than the normal small size, light weight, high efficiency and transmission power range, etc, widely applied gradually. At the same time its drawbacks are: material quality, complex, high precision manufacturing, more difficult to install, design complex calculations than the average speed reducer. but on the planet as people drive technology further in-depth understanding and knowledge as well as the introduction of foreign planetary transmission and absorption of technology to drive the structure and contain its way are constantly improving, and continuously improve the level of production technology, can produce a better planetary gear reducer.According to a general load of gear strength, geometric dimensions of the design calculation, and then to carry out transmission ratio conditions, concentric condition, the assembly conditions, design and calculation of the adjacent conditions, thanks to the number of planetary gear transmission, also must be contained institutions and the design of floating volume calculation.Planetary gear drive according to the composition of basic enough pieces can be divided into: 2KH, 3K, and KHV are three. If the meshing of gears by the way, can be divided into: NGW-type, NN-based, WW-type, WGW type, NGWN type and N-type and so on. I designed planetary gear is 2KH NGW planetary transmission type. What is the ball screw?So that the movement of objects, generally speaking, the movement will need to generate power, directly or indirectly through other organizations to convey to the Department of the final movement. Case of the automobile, gasoline engine, due to the combustion piston to move up and down, and through intermediaries ultimately delivered to the wheels to make it happen rotary motion.Todays world, able to represent the mechanical and plant a variety of sports organizations, we can say without exception, have some form of motor conduction institutions. Ball screw is rotary motion into linear motion, or linear motion into rotary motion of the most reasonable product. ball screw specialties1, compared with the sliding torque of ball screw 1 / 3As the ball screw of the screw shaft and the wire between the mother doing a lot of ball rolling motion, so the movement can get higher efficiency. And compared to the last slide ball screw drive torque to 1 / 3 of the following, that is required to achieve the same results of dynamic movement to use the scroll ball screw 1 / 3. Was helpful in saving.2, high precision to ensureBall screw is made in Japan De mechanical device worlds highest level of coherence produced, especially in research and cutting, assembly, Jian Chage processes of the factory environment, the temperature humidity proce a strictly controlled quality management Youyuwanshan system so that accuracy can be fully guaranteed.3, micro-feed mayAs the ball screw is the use of ball movement, so a very small starting torque, does not appear as a creeping phenomenon of sliding movement can ensure accurate micro-feed.4, no backlash, high rigidityBall screw can be added to the pressure, the pressure due to the axial clearance can reach negative values, and then get a higher rigidity (within the ball screw ball through to add to the pressure in actual use mechanical devices, because of ball The repulsion can increase the rigidity of the Department of silk mother).5, high-speed feed mayBall screw, sport, high efficiency, small heat, so can achieve high-speed feed (Sports). First:what is reducer Reducer is a dynamic communication agencies, the use of gear speed converters, motor rotational speed reducer to the Rotary to be few, and have greater torque institutions. The reducer role 1) velocity at the same time increase the output torque, torque output ratio by motor output by slowdown, but the attention should be paid to exceed the rated torque reducer. 2) the speed at the same time reduce the inertia load, the inertia of deceleration than reduced to the square. We can look at the General Motors has a value of inertia. The type of reducer General helical gear reducer has reducer (including parallel shaft helical gear reducer, a worm reducer, bevel gear reducer, etc.), planetary gear reducer, Cycloid reducer, a worm reducer, a planetary friction CVT mechanical machines. Common reducer 1) worm reducer is the main characteristics of a reverse self-locking function, can be larger than a slowdown, input shaft and output shaft axis is not the same, nor in the same plane. But generally larger, transmission efficiency is not high, the accuracy is not high. 2) Harmonic Harmonic Drive reducer is controllable using flexible components to transfer elastic deformation and dynamic movement, not volume, high precision, but the disadvantage is that flexible wheel limited life, impatient shocks, rigidity and pieces of metal relatively poor. Not too high speed input. 3) planetary reducer its comparative advantage is compact structure, the return gap small, high precision, and have a long life span rated output torque can be done great. However, a price slightly expensive, the requirements of parts before assembly 1. Rolling cleaning with gasoline, kerosene other parts cleaning. All parts and Xiangbenna not allowed to have any impurities exist. Gear box and the inner wall (Worm), unprocessed surface has not been coated twice erosion-resistant oil paint, box has the outer surface coated primer and paint color (color requested by host). 2. Parts coated with a face wash after lubricants Second, the requirements of installation and adjustment 1. Rolling installation Rolling bearing inner ring should be installed at the shaft shoulder close to gap must not pass 0.05 mm thick Cypriot feet. 2. Bearing axial clearance of the clearance can not be adjusted bearings (such as deep groove ball bearings), axial clearance of 0.25 to 0.4 mm; the clearance adjustable bearing axial clearance numerical table. Click Tapered Roller Bearings axial clearance; angular contact ball bearing axial clearance 3. Gear (Worm) meshing tooth space available Cypriot side foot of lead or pressure. Will be lead wire on the alveolar, and then turning gear and squash lead wire, measuring two teeth side was crushed lead wire thickness and the size of which is adjacent teeth. 4. Tooth contact dot cylinder gear tooth contact Dot 2-10-4; bevel gear tooth contact Dot 2-11-4; Gearing contact Dot 2-12-4 Third, seal requirements 1. Box partition between the surface does not allow any pads filled, but can be coated or water glass sealant to ensure that the seal; 2. Assembly, the bolt tightening box, before using 0.05 mm Cypriot-foot inspection Covers Block with me and between the sealing surface; 3. Shaft seal should stretch to smear grease. The seal should be installed in strict accordance with the requirements Forth, lubrication requirements 1. Rationally determine the types of lubricants and greases and grades 2. Bearing lubrication fat, grease filled in the general Fatliquor space can be 1 / 2 to 2 / 3. 3. Lubricants should be regularly replaced, the new reducer used for the first time, the operation of oil-7 14 days, according to the situation can be after every 3 to 6 months for first oil. Fifth, the test requirements 1. Empty operation: at rated speed is, anti-running 1 to 2 hours; 2. Load test: at rated speed, rated load operation, the oil temperature balance to date. On the gear reducer, requested the pool temperature is not more than 35 oC, bearing temperature rise no more than 40 oC; the worm reducer, requested the pool temperature not more than 60 oC, bearing temperature of not more than 50 oC; 3. Entire testing process for the smooth operation, noise, not loosening the fixed link, sealed, not with the Sixth, packaging and transportation requirements 1. Protruding shaft and its annex should Oiler packaging; 2. Handling, lifting may not use screw rings and lug all of the above technical requirements are not necessarily listed, and sometimes also by other projects, mainly by the specific design requirements. Seventh. Technical requirements 1. Assembly, all parts cleaning with kerosene, gasoline Rolling cleansing, while the existence of any debris. Oil is not painted wall corrosion coatings twice; 2. Backlash with lead wire mesh test of not less than 0.16 mm, lead wire Backlash may not exceed the smallest of the four times; 3. Used Tu-color dot test. Tooth high point of contact by not less than 40% of contact spots on teeth not less than 50 per cent. Can be used when necessary, grinding or scraping after grinding to improve contacts; 4. Bearing axial clearance should be adjusted: 40 0.05 - 0.1 mm, 55 0.08 - 0.15 mm; 5. Test reducer subdivision surface, the contact surface and seal, oil spills are not allowed. Split-Tu allowed to paint or water glass seal and allow the use of any filler; 6. Engine lubricants to the contents N100 provisions height;Below I introduce our country reduction gear the development present situation First, the domestic reduction gear many by the gear drive, the worm drive primarily, but has the power and the load ratio generally is small, or velocity ratio great and mechanical efficiency excessively low question.Moreover, in the material quality and the technological level also has many weakness, the large-scale reduction gear question is specially more prominent, the service life is not long.The domestic use large-scale reduction gear (above 500kw), many from overseas (for example Denmark, Germany and so on) imports The 60s start few tooth reduction gears and so on difference transmission, cycloid pin gear transmission, overtone transmission which produces has the velocity ratio to be big, volume small, mechanical efficiency higher merit? .But its transmission theory limit, cannot transmit the oversized power, the power all must be smaller than generally 40kw. Because in the transmission theoretically, the technological level and the material quality aspect has not broken through, therefore, has not been able fundamentally to solve the transmission power in a big way, the velocity ratio big, the volume small, the weight light, mechanical efficiency higher these requests basically.The 90s initial period, the home appears three links (gear) the reduction gear, is one kind of outside stable motion