直接引语和间接引语.ppt

直接引语与间接引语 DirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech 涪陵第十一中学校 杨海燕 直接引语 直接引述别人的原话 直接引语的前后必须加引号 间接引语 转述别人的话 间接引语前后不加引号 间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句 Hesays Ileavemybookinyourroom Hesaidthathelefthisbookinyourroom 一 直接引语变间接引语的人称变化规则 直接引语变间接引语若干要点 二 间接引语中的时态变化规则 三 直接引语中某些时态在间接引语中不变的情况 四 直接引语与间接引语的句型转换规则 五 直接引语变间接引语的其他变化 六 练习和强化训练 人称的变化 一随主 二随宾 第三人称不更新 引号内的第一人称变间引后与主句主语的人称保持一致 引号内的第二人称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保持一致 引号内的第三人称在变间引后去人称不变 Shesaid IlikeTennis Shesaidthatshelikedtennis HesaidtoLily youmustgetupearly HetoldLilythatshemustgetupearly Shesaidtome Theywanttohelphim ShetoldmethatThattheywantedhelphim 一随主 二随宾 第三人称不更新 1 Practice 1 Hesaid Mybrotherfailedintheexam Hesaid brotherhadfailedintheexam 2 HesaidtoMary Howisyourmothernow heaskedMaryhow motherwasthen 3 Myteachersaid sheisagoodstudent Myteachersaid wasagoodstudent4 Hesaidtome I veleftherbookinyourroom Hetoldmethat hadleft bookin room his her she he her my 1 1 Wewantyoutotakeamessageforher saidtheGreens TheGreenstoldmethatwantedtotakeamessagefor 2 Areyouwillingtolendusahand shesaidtohim Sheaskedhimwhetherwaswillingtolendahand 1 2 2 时态的变化 Hesays Iwilldoittomorrow Hesaysthathewilldoittomorrow 如果主句的谓语动词是现在时 直接引语变成间接引语时 从句的时态无需变化 如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时 直接引语变成间接引语时 从句的时态要做出相应的改变 2 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去完成时 不变 一般将来时 过去将来时 2 1 Iamilltoday saidmymother Mymothersaidthatsheillthatday 2 WeworkhardatEnglish hesaid was HesaidthattheyhardatEnglish worked 2 1 Theysaidtome Weareworkinghardatacompany Theytoldmethattheyatacompany wereworking 2 Iamwritingaletternow shesaid Shesaidthatshealetterthen waswriting 2 Practice Johnsaid Ilikereadingadventurestories Johnsaidthathe readingadventurestories Shesaidtome IbrokeyourCDplayer Shetoldmethatshe myCDplayer Hesaid I llcomeherethismorning Hesaidhe gotherethatmorning Hesays Ihavefinishedmyhomework Hesaysthathe hishomework Hesaid theyareplayinggamesoverthere Hesaidthatthey playinggamesoverthere liked hadbroken would hadfinished were 2 直接引语变间接引语时 句中的情态动词也应做相应的改变 could might should would didn thaveto must oughtto 2 直接引语转为间接引语时 下列情况下时态不变 注意 直接引语若表示的是客观事实或真理时 变间接引语时时态不变 当引语中的时间状语表示过去某一具体时间时 谓语动词时态不需改变 如果直接引语要变为间接引语 转述是发生在当天当地 那么直接引语中的come here tomorrow thismorning today yesterday等不必改变 3 1 Ourteachersaid Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound Ourteachersaidthatlight muchfasterthansound travels 2 Igraduatedin1966 Mybrothersaid Mybrothersaidthathe in1966 graduated 3 1 Theteachersaidtothestudents Theearthisround 2 Myfathersaidtome Iwasbornin1961 3 Hesaid Iwillcomeherethisevening 4 Thismorninghesaid I mleavingforBeijingtomorrow Theteachertoldthestudentsthattheearthisround Myfathertoldmethathewasbornin1961 Hesaidhewouldcomeherethisevening ThismorninghesaidthathewasleavingforBeijingtomorrow 3 直接引语和间接引语可分为三大类 1 陈述句 2 祈使句 3 疑问句 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句 4 1 陈述句直接引语如果是陈述句 变为间接引语时 用连词that引导 that在口语中常省略 主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said 也可用told来代替 注意 可以说saidthat toldsb that 不可直接说toldthat 4 解题步骤 1 陈述句 Idon tlikecomputers Sarahsaidtoherfriends Sarahsaidtoherfriends that said didn t she Sarahsaidtoherfriendsthatshedidn tlikecomputers Sarah 4 4 2 祈使句直接引语是祈使句 在直接引语前加上 to 改为动词不定式 引述动词为tell order ask等 其他变化同上 4 Hesaid Pleasecomeheretomorrow Theteachersaid Don ttalkanymore Heaskedmetogotherethenextday Theteachertoldusnottotalkanymore 4 4 一般疑问句 Hesaid Doyouhaveanydifficultywithpronunciation Heasked me whether ifIhadanydifficultywithmypronunciation Hesaid YouareinterestedinEnglish aren tyou HeaskedwhetherIwasinterestedinEnglish 间接引语用连词whether或if引导 原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked me him us等 语序是陈述句的语序 4 2 一般疑问句 Isiteasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil Theyaskedhim Theyaskedhim if Itiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil itiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil asked is was Theyaskedhimifitwaseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil 4 特殊疑问句 Hesaidtome What syourname Heaskedmewhatmynamewas Heaskedus Howmanycarfactorieshavebeenbuiltinyourcountry Heaskedushowmanycarfactorieshadbeenbuiltinourcountry 原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词 主句的谓语动词用ask sb 来表达 语序改为陈述句语序 4 3 特殊疑问句 Whendoyouharvestthewheat Theyaskedhim Theyaskedhim When youharvestthewheat youharvestthewheat he harvested Theyaskedhimwhenheharvestedthewheat 4 选择疑问句 Heasked DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorFrench Iasked Willyoutakebusortaketrain Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldtakebusortaketrain 用whether or 表达 而不用if or 4 1 直接引语中的时间状语转换规则 2 直接引语中的指示代词转换规则 3 直接引语中动词come在间接引语中用go 4 直接引语中副词here在间接引语中用there 5 5 时间状语 5 5 1 Whatdoesthiswordmean sheaskedme Sheaskedmewhatwordmeant that 2 Canyouseethatmaponthewall heaskedme HeaskedmeifIcouldseemaponthewall that 3 Doyoulikethesetoys Janeaskedus Janeaskedusifwelikedtoys those 4 Bringthoseballstome saidmysister Mysisteraskedustobringballstoher those 5 1 Ilikereadingadventurestories saidJohn Johnsaidthathelikedreadingadventurestories 2 Idon tlikecomputers Sarahsaidtoherfriend Sarahtoldherfriendsthatshedidn tlikecomputers ExerciseI 3 Ann haveyouseenmybluenotebook Peterasked PeteraskedAnnifshehadseenhisbluenotebook 4 Howcanyoudothat MarysaidtoAnn MaryaskedAnnhowshecoulddothat 5 Whatdifferencedoesitmake PeteraskedJim PeteraskedJimwhatdifferenceitmade 1 Jacksaidtome Youlookworriedtoday Jacktoldmethat worried A helooks todayB youlook todayC welooked thatdayD Ilooked thatday ExerciseII 2 Wesaidtoher They rewalkingthroughthestreetnow Wetoldherthat throughthestreet A wewerewalking thenB youarewalking nowC theywerewalking thenD theywalking now 3 MrBlacksaid Ihavewalkedalongwaythisweek MrBlacksaidthat alongway Ihadwalked lastweekB hehadwalked thatweekC Iwalked lastweekD hehaswalked thisweek 4 Themanthought Ishalltakeitbacktomorrow Themanthoughtthat takeitback A Ishall tomorrowB Ishall thenextdayC heshould tomorrowD hewould thenextday 5 Theysaidtous Areyouafraidtoleavethishouse Theyaskedus afraidtoleave house A thatwerewe thisB thatwewere thatC ifwerewe thisD ifwewere that 6 Janesaid Whatdidhehearaboutaweekago Janeasked about A thatheheard aweekagoB whathehadheard theweekbeforeC whathehadherd aweekagoD ifheheard theweekago 7 Sheasked Whosehousewillhebreakintonexttime Sheaskedwhosehouse breakinto A willhe nexttimeB wouldhe thenex