时态、语态、倒装、主谓一致.ppt

Grammar Ifyouputyourheartintoit youwillfinditeasy 08届福大专升本QQ群 23142156 共享 第一讲 动词的语态 时态 一 动词的语态 主态 被态 Bytheendofthismonth thenewbuilding B A istobebuiltBwillhavebeenbuiltC willbebuiltD willhavebuilt另一常考语态是主动表被动意义 即某物 need require want VingTheroomneeds cleaning clean Theroomneedsto becleaned clean 二 动词的时态1 现在完成时 过去完成时 完成进行时2 主从句时态的呼应1 Webeganourexperimentsafterwe A A hadreadtheinstructionsC wouldreadthebookB havereadtheinstructionD werereadingthenotes2 Mr Smithtoldmethathe B formefortwohours A waswaitingC hasbeenwaitingB hadbeenwaitingD iswaiting 第二讲 主谓语倒装 否定词及短语在句首 部分倒装 e g never little rarely hardly scarcely seldom nowhere not atnotime undernocircumstance bynomeans innocase invain notuntil notonly onlye g 1 Littledoesherealizethedangerheisin 2 Seldomdoesamanlivetobeahundredyearsold 3 Rarelydoesthetemperaturegoabove35oCinsummerinBeijing 4 Notuntil1776didtheAmericancoloniesdeclaretheirindependencefromEngland 第二讲 主谓语倒装 2 固定倒装 so引起的倒装与肯定句呼应nor neither引起的倒装与否定句呼应e g 1 Heneverwentthereagain nordidhewritetoapologize 2 I mquitewillingtohelpthepoor soarethemembersinmyfamily 3 Woodcannotconductelectricity norcanglass 4 Hecannotspeak neithercanhehear 3 时间状语从句hardly whenscarcely whenNosooner thanNosoonerhadtheygatheredinthegrainthanitbegantorain Scarcelyhadwegottotheplantwhenwestartedtowork Hardlyhadtheplanelandedwhenthepeoplerantowardit 4 让步状语从句A as though句型倒装1 Difficultthoughthetaskwas theymanagedtoaccomplishitintime 2 Hardasheworked hestillfailedintheexam B Be 主语 表语 Be引导让步状语从句必须用倒装e g Beitrainyorsunny I llgoout Beiteversolate Imustdoanotherexperiment 5 条件状语从句Were 主语 to VShould 主语 V 主句Had 主语 Ved 主句e g 1 Hadyoubeenthere youwouldhavemether 2 Shouldyoucometomorrow Ishouldgiveyouthebook 3 Hadshefoundthebuyer shewouldhavesoldthehouse 倒装 6 副词倒装 only often manyatime等位于句首时 把助动词或系动词be放在主语前面e g 1 Onlybyworkinghardcanwesucceedindoingeverything 2 Manyatimehashegivenmegoodadvice 3 Oftenhavewetriedthattest 倒装 7 副词倒装 here there down up now等副词位于句首 名词为主语时 谓语动词要置于主语前面e g 1 UpandUpwenttheprice 2 Herecomesthegeneralmanager 3 Nowcomesyourturn buttakeyourtime Note 1 当表示 位置 及 处所 的介词短语或副词位于句首时 主语和谓语调换位置 形成倒装 e g Atthesideofthehillstoodanoldhouse 2 当主语为代词时 即使放在句首也不用倒装结构 e g Herehecomes Thereshegoes 第三讲 单复数一致 一 主语为下列情况 谓语为单数 1 单数可数名词或代词 2 不可数名词 3 s结尾的一些名词 means news theUnitedStates 4 表示学科或疾病等以 结尾的名词如statistics measles acoustics 声学 e g 1 Statistics 统计学 isanindispensableanalyticaltoolinmodernsociety 2 Mathematicsisarequiredsubjectatschool 3 Measles 风疹 isadangerousdiseasesforpregnantwomen economics electronics 电子学 genetics mechanics 力学 optics 光学 phonetics politics5 集合名词做主语时 若指一个整体 谓语动词用单数形式 若指其中各个组成成员 谓语动词用复数形式 army company committee crew firm group government majority minority police public etc 6 单数名词 and 单数名词表示同一事物或指同一个人1 Awriterandeducatorhasvisitedourcollege 2 Breadandbutterisnutritious 3 Slowandsteadywinstherace 4 Earlytobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy 7 数词 名词 表示长短 重量 温度 时间及金钱等 作主语 当作 单一的数量 时 谓语动词用单数形式1 Eighthoursofsleepisnotenoughforababy 2 Threemilesisasfarastheycanwalk 3 Sixtydollarsisahighpriceforadictionary 8 theonlyoneof 复数名词 后的关系从句中 谓语动词用单数形式 oneof 复数名词 后的关系从句中 谓语动词用复数形式e g 1 Johnistheonlyoneofthoseboyswholikesgymclass 2 Thisistheonlyoneofthosedisheswhichhastobecookedoutdoors 3 Janeisoneofthosewomenwhoalwayskeepupwiththelatestfashion 9 each every manya 单数可数名词 谓语动词用单数形式e g 1 Everyboyand every girliseagertolearnEnglish 2 Eachbookandmagazineislistedinthecardcatalog 10 动名词 动词不定式 主语从句11 单数名词 or 单数可数名词 二 主语为下列情况 谓语为复数 1 复数可数名词或代词 2 表示人的复数名词people personnel 全体职员 等用作主语时 谓语动词用复数形式3 表示一种物品的复数名词glasses shorts scissors等作主语时 谓语动词用复数形式e g 1 Myglasseswerebroken 2 Yourshorts 短裤 aretorn You dbetterchangethem 3 Thescissors 剪刀 areveryblunt 其他用复数表示物品的名词 clothes compasses 圆规 pants 裤子 spectacles 眼镜 trousers 4 all many most some afew therest agreatnumber half themajority theflock of 复数可数名词5 用either or neither nor or notonly butalso not but连接的两个主语 谓语动词的数则跟靠近动词的那个主语一致e g 1 Oneortwodaysareenoughtoseethecity 2 EitherheorIaminthewrong 3 NeitherInorheisinthewrong 4 Areyouorhetoblame 5 Notonlyyoubutalsoheistoblamefortheaccident 6 连接词按时aswellas togetherwith alongwith等连接的两个主语 谓语动词的数与前一个主语保持一致e g 1 Thebattogetherwiththeballswasstolen 2 Youaswellashearewrong 3 Nobodybut excepttheteachersknowsanythingaboutit Note AwithBAaccompaniedbyBAincludingBAnolessthanBAbesidesB谓语动词的数与A保持一致 Exercises 1 Notuntilamonkeyisseveralyearsold C toexhibitsignsofindependenceofitsmother A itbeginsB beginsitC doesitbeginD beginning2 Mr Young togetherwithhiswifeandtwosons B toarriveonthemorningflight A areB isC willbeD aregoing3 Onlyafterfoodhasbeendriedorcanned C A thatitshouldbestoredforlaterconsumptionB shouldbestoredforlaterconsumptionC shoulditbestoredforlaterconsumptionD itshouldbestoredforlaterconsumption4 IntheeasternpartofAsia A A liesthePeople sRepublicofChinaB thePeople sRepublicofChinaliesthereC thereliesthePeople sRepublicofChinaD thePeople sRepublicofChinaliesthere Exercises 5 A theretiredworkerisstillworkinghardinthefactory A oldasheisB AlthougholdheisC whenheisoldD Howoldheis6 Scarcely A inthegrainwhenitbegantorain A hadwegatheredB wegatheredC wehadgatheredD didwegathered7 Copperconductselectricity C A sodoesitB neitheritdoesC soitdoesD noritdoes8 Sheneverlaughed B losehertemper A orsheeverdidB nordidsheeverC ordidsheeverD norsheeverdid Exercises 9 B today IwouldgetthereonSaturday A WasIleavingB WereItoleaveC WouldIleaveD IfIleave10 Manyaway A triedalready A hasbeenB areC beingD have11 Notonly A her buthewasalsoherclassmate A didFranzeknowB FranzeknewC doesFranzeknowD Franzeknows12 Shorthanded A theywere theybeattheenemy A asB shouldC thatD even Exercises 13 There D myteacherandmyclassmates A areB haveC beD is14 Myfatherbelievesthatinterest aswellasprospects A importantwhenonelooksforajob A isB wasC areD were15 A I llgoout A BeitrainyorsunnyB ItberainyorsunnyC IsitrainyorsunnyD Wereitrainyorsunny16 Ihaveapairofjeansthat B fromabigshopinNewJersy A wereboughtB wasboughtC boughtD arebought 17 Neithertheclerksnorthemanager C anythingabouttheaccidentnow A knowB knowingC knowsD areknown18 Everybookandmagazine A listedinthecardcatalog A isB areC wereD has19 Aboutonethirdofthebooks B worthreading A isB areC wasD has20 Alargeamountofdamage B doneduringthewar A wereB areC wasD has21 C ofthiscountry sabundanceinnaturalresources A LittleweknowB LittlewedidknowC LittledidweknowD Littlewehadknow 22 Undernocircumstances A hispersonalinterestfirst A shouldacommunistplaceB acommunistplaceC acommunistshouldplaceD shouldn tacommunistplace23 JohnknowsbothChineseandJapanesequitewell B A SohissisterdoesB SodoeshissisterC AnddoeshissisterD Neitherdoeshissister24 Hardly C homewhenthetelephonerang A IgetB IhadgotC hadIgotD didIget25 A theretiredworkerisstillworkinghardinthefactory A OldasheisB ThougholdheisC WhenheisoldD Howoldheis 26 Onlywhenyouhaveobtainedsufficientdata D cometoasoundconclusion A youwillB youcanC wouldyouD canyou27 B Iwillmarryhimallthesame A WereherichorpoorB BeherichorpoorC BeingrichorpoorC Whetherrichorpoor28 Notonlymyfriendbutalsoherhusband C comingthisafternoon A areB wereC isD was29 Newsofvictories B pouringin A keepB keepsCareD goes30 Thepoetandwriter D A arecomingB werecomingC havecomeD hascome 31 LiLingandLiMing B twinbrothers A isB areC hasD gets32 Thecattle A inthefield A aregrazingBgrazesC isgrazingD likestograze33 Thefamily C watchingTV A isB isbeingC areD arebeen34 George smother aswellashisfather C inLondonforafewdaysmore A askshestaysB askhimstayC askshestayD askhetostay35 Theflockofsheep B strayinginalldirections A isB areC hasbeenD hadbeen 36 Manyaman A lifeismeaninglesswithoutapurpose A thinksB thinkC thinkingD havethought37 Ourprofessorsaidfiveminutes D enough A areB beC wereD was38 Statistics B thatthepopulationofourcountrywilldeclineintenyear stime A showsB showC areshownD willshow39 Nooneexcepttwoservants B thedinner A werelateforB waslateforC werelatelyforD waslatelyfor40 Allmachines B bytheendofnextweek A willrepairB willhavebeenrepairedC willberepairedD willhaverepaired 41 Onlywhenyouhaveacquiredagoodknowledgeofgrammar D writecorrectly A canyouB willyouC youcanD can tyou42 Theownerandeditorofthenewspaper C theconference A wereattendingB weretoattendC istoattendD aretoattend43 D sherealizeditwastoolatetogohome A NosooneritgrewdarkthanB HardlydiditgrowdarkthatC ScarcelyhaditgrowndarkthanD Itwasnotuntildarkthat44 SirDenis whois78 hasmadeitknownthatmuchofhiscollection C tothenation A hasleftB istoleaveC leavesD istobeleft 第三讲 反意疑问句 1 Youhaveanewcar don tyou Jackwasn tannoyed washe 2 Theymustbeinthelibrary aren tthey Theymusthavegonetothelibrary haven tthey Theymusthavebeentothelibraryyesterday didn tthey 3 Wemustworkintheevening mustn twe Youmustn twalkonthegrass mustyou 4 Youmustgohomerightnow needn t Hemustleaveearlybecauseheisn tfeelingwell needn the 5 You