2014年高考英语(高考真题+模拟新题)分类汇编：Q单元++北京.doc

Q1 阅读填空 Q12014北京卷Evaluating sources(来源) of health informationMaking good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of health information. Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information, how to separate fact from opinion, how to recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyse information and the reliability of sources._71_Go to the original source. Media reports often simplify the results of medical research. Find out for yourself what a study really reported, and determine whether it was based on good science. Think about the type of study._72_Watch for misleading language. Some studies will find that a behaviour “contributes to” or is “associated with” an outcome; this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result. _73_ Carefully read or listen to information in order to fully understand it.Use your common sense. If a report seems too good to be true, probably it is.Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements._74_ Evaluate“scientific” statements carefully, and be aware of quackery(江湖骗术)_75_Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration, but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us.Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about health problems will serve you well throughout your life.A. Make choices that are right for you.B. The goal of an ad is to sell you something.C. Be sure to work through the critical questions.D. And examine the findings of the original research.EDistinguish between research reports and public health advice.F. Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an authors point of view.G. The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.71. G本空在论述上有承上启下的作用，将总论和分论连接起来。根据下文的四个祈使句判断，这里应该是提出“建议”。故选G。72. D本段开头提到要追溯来源，最后照应，要检测最初研究的结果。故选D。73. F根据本段开头提到的misleading language可知，本段在谈避免误导和错误解释。答案F中的also揭示了本段两句话的并列关系。故选F。74. B空前advertisements一词提示人们当心广告中的不实信息，这与选项B中的ad和sell相对应，故选B。75. A根据第一段总领的四个祈使句，可知从A、C两个选项中确定答案。本文主要讨论信息判断，跟工作没有关系，所以C项没有依据。文中的that works for us是在表明这种生活方式是可行的，不表示工作。所以选A。(一)2014丰台一模 Stage frightImagine that you are an actor performing in a play for the first time. You have learned all your lines and you know where to walk on stage. Waiting behind the closed curtain, you can hear the audience whispering and taking their seats.Then your big moment arrives! The curtain goes up, and the crowd falls silent. All you can see is the spotlight shining down on you. _1_ The inside of your mouth is dry, and your hands are wet.If you have experienced a moment like this, you know all too well what it means to have stage fright. It is one of the most common types of fear and tends to strike people when they find themselves at the centre of attention. _2_ People experience this fear when playing sports, giving a presentation, or even speaking in class. A person who suffers from stage fright may get sweaty hands, a dry mouth, a tight throat, or shaky knees. Stage fright is actually a form of panic, and these feelings are very real._3_The experience differs from person to person, but the same chemical process occurs in each of us. In reaction to anxiety, our bodies produce a chemical that prepares us to either fight or run away quickly. Scientists refer to this as our bodies“fight or flight” reaction. As a result, we feel great energy that makes our hands sweat, our hearts race, and our knees shake._4_ Practising your performance and following some simple tips can help calm nerves and manage the feelings caused by anxiety. First, dress comfortably and appropriately. Second, before the performance, take deep breaths and stretch to help relax your body. Thirdly, stay away from drinks that contain caffeine. _5_ Instead, try a banana! Some doctors believe that eating a banana can help calm your heart and the rest of your body. Finally, when you look into a crowd, try to focus on particular people instead of the whole group. These tips have helped many people learn to deal with their fears.AThese might make your heart race even faster.BYou dont have to be on stage to get stage fright.CStage fright is part of the bodys reaction to stress.DYou try to speak your lines, but nothing seems to come out.EWith practice, we can learn how to relax while playing sports.FThe good news about stage fright is that here are ways to deal with it.GHowever, there is a time when stage fright prevents you from stepping on stage.【要点综述】 文章向我们介绍了初次登台时舞台恐惧的表现、原因以及破解之道。1D上文说的是“聚光灯照着你，该你表演了”，下文的意思是“你嘴发干，手流汗”，因此只有D项的“You try to speak your lines, but nothing seems to come out.”承上启下，符合语境。2B下文说的是人们在其他场合，比如运动时、作介绍或者在课堂上说话时，也可能有这种恐惧，也就是说，不仅仅在舞台上才有这种恐惧，由此可知答案。 3C由下文的“In reaction to anxiety”可知，舞台紧张是对焦虑的反应，选项中只有C项中的stress与anxiety对应。4F下文介绍的是如何应对舞台恐惧，选项中只有F项正确。5A下文说的是吃香蕉可以使内心平静，很显然，“Instead，try a banana！”说的应该是与之相反的情况，选项A中的“These might make your heart race even faster.”符合语境。 (二)2014石景山一模 How can I fight laziness?Lazy people will never care about anything in life. However, laziness can be defeated once a few changes have been made in your mind._1_ Many people lack sleep constantly, since they stay up too late and get up too early to prepare for work. These people have little motivation once they arrive home. Laziness works hand in hand with a lack of motivation and a tendency to put off things. By adjusting your sleep schedule to provide a few more hours of meaningful rest, you can fight laziness throughout the day.Another way to fight laziness is to change your mind from passive to active. Some people treat their lives as if they were pushed from task to task. Others take a more proactive approach, viewing each task as a challenge they must overcome alone. _2_Some people fight laziness by removing the temptations(诱惑) that surround them. A television in the living room may provide entertainment, but watching too much TV often contributes to laziness. _3_ Complete a few tasks and reward yourself with what you enjoy，such as a good dinner or a film.Laziness can also be a lasting problem at home. Couples and children may all have different energy levels, but laziness can be spread if not dealt with immediately. _4_ Be the first to collect and wash dishes after a meal. Others in the home may eventually follow your example and perform their own task. It is difficult to practise laziness when you are surrounded by motivated people._5_ Enough exercise and a balanced diet can help you to develop a healthy lifestyle, thus enabling you to have more energy and help lift your spirits.ATo fight family laziness, set an example. BKnowing how to fight laziness is important.COne way to fight laziness is to get enough sleep.DFinally, taking exercise regularly can help you fight laziness.EWith strong determination, you will be able to achieve your goal.FLaziness sets in when you no longer feel in charge of your own life.GCreate a reward system for yourself, just as parents do for a child.【要点综述】 懒惰影响了效率，人人都讨厌懒惰。文章向我们分析了生活中懒惰的成因以及破解之道。1C下文是针对因缺觉造成懒惰的人，选项C中的to get enough sleep与之对应。2F该部分分析的是懒惰产生的两种情况：Some people treat their lives as if they were pushed from task to task.Othersviewing each task as a challenge they must overcome alone.F项中的“you no longer feel in charge of your own life.”符合语境。3G下一句话“reward yourself with what you enjoy”是对G项的进一步解释。4A上一句说的是懒惰处理不当的后果， 而下一句则说的是要第一个干活，因为这样别人就会以你为榜样跟着学。选项和下文都有一个关键词example。5D下句中的Enough exercise是对选项D中taking exercise regularly 的进一步解释。 (三)2014朝阳一模 Puppy foodA puppy(young dog) is a precious addition to any family. The excitement of bringing home a little furry friend will always live in our memories. Like all of us，though，your puppy must have adequate nutrition right from the start to make certain that itll have a long and healthy life._1_ You might ask yourself what is the best for your new pet with all of the different varieties on the market in all of their attractive packaging. Some dry food produced specially for puppies is the best for the development of their teeth. _2_Contrary to the belief of many firsttime puppy owners，it is not always the best idea to purchase food that is too high in calcium(钙)，protein，and vitamin levels. _3_ In addition, a high intake of calcium is associated with bone disease in largebreed dogs.If you have a “smallbreed” puppy，you can buy that kind of food.It is not a good idea to feed the food you eat to your puppy frequently，as your puppy may become selective about food. _4_ Some people think that dog biscuits and other treats are fine, but they should not be a main part of a puppys diet.Young puppies should be fed three times a day.Each puppy is unique，so feeding them twice a day is acceptable. After ten to twelve weeks of age，feed your puppy twice per day. Allow your puppy to eat as much as he would like in fifteen minutes. _5_ If you let your puppy eat too much or too often by keeping food accessible at all times，he may become overweight and have health problems as an adult. Like humans，your puppy will not enjoy the food any longer if it is there at all times.APick up the dish with the remaining food.BProper food is a basic necessity for your puppies.CRemember to give your puppy the food he would like to have.DIt can also cause an upset stomach due to an unbalanced diet.EA further benefit is that it is less expensive than the canned food.FOne example is that extra helpings of nutrients do harm to digestive organs.GIts good to provide the extra nutrients a puppy needs until he grows larger.【要点综述】 文章介绍了给宠物什么样的食物是好的，以及怎么样给宠物喂食最好。1B根据下文中“You might ask yourself what is the best for your new pet with all of the different varieties on the market in all of their attractive packaging.” 可知，适当的食物是你的宠物必需的。2E根据上文中“Some dry food produced specially for puppies is the best for the development of their teeth.” 可知，它比罐装食物便宜。3F根据上文中“it is not always the best idea to purchase food that is too high in calcium(钙), protein, and vitamin levels.” 可知，额外的营养对消化系统有害。4D根据上文中“It is not a good idea to feed the food you eat to your puppy frequently, as your puppy may become selective about food.” 可知，不均衡的饮食会引起宠物肠胃不适。5A根据下文中“If you let your puppy eat too much or too often by keeping food accessible at all times” 可知，要捡起有剩下食物的盘子。 (四)2014顺义一模 Its important for everyone to learn how to apologize effectively. You might think a simple “Im sorry.” will take care of everything. _1_ There are some situations in which you need to apologize properly. Apologize truly. Apologizing through a halfhearted “sorry” will get you nowhere. _2_ If you really want to apologize, you must do it truly. Accept the fact that you were wrong. _3_Contrary to what you might think, apologizing over and over again isnt going to help, especially if youre apologizing to someone whos your boss. Dont wait too long to apologize. One piece of advice on how to apologize effectively is to do it as soon as you realize your mistake. Some people put off giving an apology because they think it will save them from the offended(被冒犯的) persons anger. However, that is just not polite. If you can t approach the person personally at once, send him or her a message first. _4_Dont expect too much.You cant expect that person to forgive you immediately. If youre going to apologize, you have to be prepared for the worst. The conversation isnt going to be the most comfortable one either. _5_Learning how to apologize effectively is very important. It shows people that you are a very kind person. ADont apologize again and again.BHowever, thats not exactly true.CPay a visit to others ahead of time.DYoud better prepare yourself for anything.EBut make sure you make an apology in person as well.FIn fact, it might get you into even bigger trouble than before.GA lot of people dont know how to make an apology to their boss.【要点综述】 对每个人来说，学会有效地道歉是非常重要的。文章列举了一些你需要道歉的情形。1B根据上文中“You might think a simple Im sorry. will take care of everything.”可知B项符合题意。2F根据上文中“Apologizing through a halfhearted sorry will get you nowhere.” 可知，实际上，它会让你陷入更大的麻烦。3A根据下文中“Contrary to what you might think, apologizing over and over again isnt going to help”可知，不要一遍又一遍地道歉。4E根据上文中“If you cant approach the person personally at once”可知，你最好亲自道歉。5D根据上文中“Dont expect too much.” 可知，你自己必须做好各种准备。 (五)2014朝阳一调 Family valuesTo understand a nation, you should first get to know its minimum unitfamily. _1_In the US, upon reaching an appropriate age (usually between 18 and 21 years), children are encouraged, but not forced, to “leave the nest” and begin an independent life. _2_Parents do not arrange marriages for their children, nor do children usually ask permission of their parents to get married. Young adults meet their future spouses(配偶) through other friends, at jobs, and in organizations and religious institutions. Although children choose their own spouses, they still hope their parents will approve of their choices.Parents feel that children should make major life decisions by themselves in many families. A parent may try to influence a child to follow a particular profession but the child is free to choose another job. _3_ A son may deliberately decide not to go into his fathers business because of a fear that he will lose his independence in his fathers workplace. This independence from parents is not an indication that parents and children do not love each other. Strong love between parents and children is universal and this is no exception in the American family._4_It is not like we Chinese. Parents are rulers and masters. We Chinese love our parents with fear and total respect. In America children always have their own opinions and even can talk about some sensitive problems with their parents, like family financial situation, the relationship between mother and father, and even sex._5_ Therefore, it is contrary that on one hand, Americans admire independence and equality that they dont want to make sacrifice to make up a family, but on the other hand, Americans think highly of family in their value system.AIn the American family, children and parents are equal.BIt can reflect the traditional values and customs of a nation.CWhen it comes to big problems, children do not have to always follow their parents ways.DAfter children leave home, they often find social relationship and financial support outside the family.EAlthough Americans pay much attention to independence and equality, they dont believe in making sacrifice.FSometimes children do precisely the opposite of what their parents wish in order to declare their independence.GMany of them are expected to leave what could be lifes most important decisionmarriagealmost entirely up to luck.【要点综述】 文章介绍家庭的重要性，以及美国家庭和中国家庭价值观的不同。1B根据上文中“To understand a nation, you should first get to know its minimum unitfamily.” 可知，家庭可以反映一个国家传统的价值观。2D根据上文中“In the US, upon reaching an appropriate age(usually between 18 and 21 years), children are encouraged, but not forced, to leave the nest and begin an independent life.” 可知，在孩子离开家后，他们经常在家庭以外找到社会关系和财政支持。3F根据上文中“A parent may try to influence a child to follow a particular profession but the child is free to choose another job.”可知，有时孩子做的事情和父母希望的不一样，以此表明自己独立了。4A根据下文中“It is not like we Chinese. Parents are rulers and masters.” 可知，在美国，孩子和父母是平等的。5E根据下文中“Therefore, it is contrary that on one hand, Americans admire independence and equality that they dont want to make sacrifice to make up a family” 可知，虽然美国人重视独立和平等，但他们不相信牺牲。 (六)2014东城一联 What makes one person more intelligent than another? What makes one person a genius, like brilliant Albert Einstein, and another person a fool? Are people born intelligent or stupid, or is intelligence the result of where and how you live? _1_We know, however, that just being born with a good mind is not enough. In some ways, the mind is like a leg or an arm muscle. _2_ Mental exercise (done with the mind) is particularly important for young children. Many child psychologists think that parents should play with their children more often and give them problems to think about. _3_ If, on the other hand, children are left alone a great deal with nothing to do, they are more likely to become dull and unintelligent._4_ According to some psychologists, if parents are always telling a child that he or she is a fool or an idiot(白痴), then the child is more likely to keep doing silly and foolish things. So it is probably better for parents to say very positive things to their children, such as “_5_” or “You are such a smart child.”AIt needs exercise.BParents should also be careful what they say to young children.CThese are very old questions and the answers to them are still not clear.DChild psychologists dont believe it.EThe children are then more likely to grow up bright and intelligent.FYou must be careful what you are doing.GThat is a very clever thing you did.【要点综述】 文章向我们介绍了父母对孩子成长的影响。父母的鼓励与否，决定着孩子的成才与否。1C从下面的回答来看，这些问题的答案至今还不是很明确。2A下文的关键词exercise和选项中的exercise呼应。3E此处和下文的“they are more likely to become dull and unintelligent.”是截然相反的两个情况，故选E。4B本段重点介绍的是父母所说的话对孩子的影响，所以B项正确。5G这里要求多鼓励孩子，和下文的“You are such a smart child.”一致，应该选G。 (七)2014东城一模 The importance of accessibility awarenessAt a recent Teen Leadership of Jewish Family Services meeting, people with disabilities talked about their lives. _1_ However, what amazed me most was the great importance of education about handicap accommodations(残疾人便利设施)One school teacher