名词性从句good.ppt

名词性从句 定义 在句子中起名词作用的从句叫名词从句 作用 在复合句中作宾语 表语 主语和同位语 因此 名词性从句又可分为宾语从句 表语从句 主语从句和同位语从句 一 宾语从句 1 作动词的宾语 1 引导词that可省略 Ihear that hewillgotoShanghaitomorrow 2 由what whether if 引导 Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme 3 动词 间接宾语 宾语从句 Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation 2 作介词的宾语 Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother 3 It作为形式宾语 Hehasmadeitclearthathewillnotgivein Seetoitthatchildrendon tcatchcold 4 否定的转移 主句的谓语动词为think consider suppose believe expect fancy guess imagine等 其后的宾语从句若含有否定词not 一般要把否定词not转移到主句谓语上 从句谓语用肯定 Idon tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell 5 that不能省略的情况 1 and连接两个宾语从句 that宾语从句放在and后 EverybodycouldseewhathappenedandthatTomwasfrightened 2 that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时 Iknownothingabouthimexceptthatheisfromthesouth 3 that从句位于句首时 ThatheeversaidsuchathingIsimplydon tbelieve 4 主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语时 Wedecided inviewofhisspecialcircumstances thatwewouldadmithimforaprobationary 6 宾语从句的时态 1 主句用过去时 从句用一般过去时 如从句表示客观真理 可用现在时 Didyouseethattheboyswereplayingfootballontheplaygroundatthattime YesterdayTomsaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun 2 主句为现在时时 从句可根据需要选用各种时态 IthinkthattheGreen shaveleftforHawaii Iwanttoknowif whetherhewillgosurfingthisafternoon 3 动词suggest 建议 insist 坚持 主张 prefer 宁愿 request 要求 require 要求 命令 demand 要求 order 命令 command 命令 advise 建议 等词后的宾语从句中 谓语动词要用虚拟语气 其构成是 should 动词原形 其中should可省略 Itwassuggestedthatmoreteachersshouldbesenttheretohelpthem Tominsistedthathisleadershipberecognizedbyalltheboys 7 宾语从句的引导词 1 连词 that if whether 2 连接代词 who whose what which 3 连接副词 when where how why 作业 用whose whom what how that填空 1 Ithink hewillbeallrightinafewdays 2 Doyouknow theyarewaitingfor 3 Heasked dictionaryitwas 4 Pleasepayattentionto theteachersaid 5 Canyoutellme Icangettotherailwaystation 二 表语从句 表语从句放在系动词之后 一般结构是 主语 连系动词 表语从句 1 由that引导 that不作成分 只起连接作用 Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame ThetroubleisthatIhavelosthisaddress 2 由whether引导表示不确定 由because引导表示原因 Thepointiswhetherweshouldlendhimthemoney ItisbecauseIhaveeverheardofthestory 3 what which who whom whose等连接代词及when where how why等连接副词既引导句子又充当一定的句子成分 Theproblemiswhowecangettoreplaceher Thequestionishowhedidit Thatwaswhatshedidthismorningonreachingtheattic 4 asif常与look seem sound等连系动词连用 Shelooksasifshewouldcry 5 在一些表示 建议 劝说 命令 的名词后的表语从句中 谓语动词用虚拟语气 Mysuggestionisthatwe should startearlytomorrow 经典试题 1 Wecannotfigureout quiteanumberofinsects birds andanimalsaredyingout A thatB asC whyD when2 Amoderncityhasbeensetupin wasawastelandtenyearsago A whatB whichC thatD where3 Parentsaretaughttounderstand importanteducationistotheirchildren sfuture A thatB howC suchD so4 Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal andthisis Idisagree A whyB whereC whatD how C A B B 5 IthinkFatherwouldliketoknow I vebeenuptosofar soIdecidetosendhimaquicknote A whichB whyC whatD how6 Theroadiscoveredwithsnow Ican tderstand theyinsistongoingbymotorbike A whyB whetherC whenD how7 Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday sgame Oh that s whatmakesmefeelexcitedwhateverIfeelexcitedabouthowIfeelaboutitD whenIfeelexcited C A A 9 Ithinkit sgoingtobeabigproblem Yes itcouldbe Iwonder wecandoaboutit A ifB howC whatD that10 Perseveranceisakindofquality andthat s ittakestodoanythingwell A whatB thatC whichD why11 Ireallydon tknow Ihadthisphototaken A whereitwasthatB itwasthatC whereitwasD itwaswhy C A A 12 Nevertake forgrantedthatIwillhelpyou Betterdependonyourself A thatB itC whichD this13 Itlooks heisunhappytoday A thatB ifC asifD whether14 ThesewildflowersaresospecialIwoulddo Icantosavethem A whateverB thatC whichD whichever15 Theoldwomanwasshockedby hadhappenedtoherdaughter A whomB whichC thatD what B C A D 三 主语从句 主语从句通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替 而本身放在句子末尾 1 it作形式主语的四个主要句型 1 It be 名词词组 nowonder anhonor agoodthing apity nosurprise etc that从句 It sapitythatwecan tgo It snosurprisethatourteamshouldhavewonthegame 2 It be 形容词 obvious true natural surprising good wonderful funny possible likely certain probable etc that从句 Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam Itisprobablethathetoldhereverything 3 It be 过去分词 said reported thought expected decided announced arranged etc that从句 ItissaidthatMr GreenhasarrivedinBeijing ItisreportedthatChinahassentanotherman madeearthsatelliteintoorbit 4 It 不及物动词 seem happen等 that从句 ItseemedthatAliceisnotcomingtothepartyatall IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday 2 主语从句的主谓一致 主语从句多表示单一概念 因此主句谓语动词多用单数 what引导的从句根据表达的含义来确定谓语动词的单复数 Whenandwherewe llgoisn tdecided Whatweneedarebooks iswater 3 What与that的用法区别 what在从句中作主语 宾语 表语 而that则不作句子成分 Whatyousaidyesterdayisright Thatsheisstillaliveisgoodnews 4 Whether和if的用法区别 通常 引导主语从句 表语从句 同位语从句用whether不用if Itdoesn tmatterwhethershewillcomeornot Theproblemiswhethershewillhaveenoughtime 经典试题 1 AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace A whereB whatC thatD how2 Ihavealwaysbeenhonestandstraightforward anditdoesn tmatter I mtalkingto whoisitB whoitisC itiswhoD itiswhom3 madetheschoolproudwas morethan90 ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversity A What becauseB What thatC That whatD That because B B B 4 Itisprettywellunderstood controlstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmospheretoday A thatB whenC howD what5 wecan tgetseemsbetterthan wehave A What whatB What thatC That thatD That what6 WhatdoyouthinkofChina differentlifeistodayfrom itusedtobe A How whatB What whatC How thatD What that7 youdon tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness A WhatB WhoC ThatD Whether8 Iwasfreethatevening A IthappenedtoB IthappenedthatC ThathappenedD Itwashappenedthat D A A C B 9 Itwastrue Alicedidsurprisehermother A thatB whatC that whatD what that10 It snotyetclear ofthosewillbechosentodothejob A thatB whomC whichD whose11 inthenewspaperthattheJapaneseministerwillarrivenextMonday A ItsaysB ItissaidC IthassaidD Heissaid12 wehaveseenisquitedifferentfrom wehaveheard A That thatB What thatC That whatD What what13 Ihavewillbeyourssoonerorlater A NomatterwhatB NomatterwhateverC WhateverD That14 wasawell knownfact A ThattheirteamwasweakB Thattheirteambeingweak C TheirteamwasweakD Iftheirteamwasweak C C B D C A 作业 用主语从句完成句子 1 她赢了这场比赛 madeusveryhappy 2 所需要的 iscarefulpreparation 3 她是否来 doesn tmattertoomuch 4 Thathewillsucceediscertain 用it句型改写 5 Whyhedidthisisnotknown 用it句型改写 Thatshewonthegame Whatisneeded Whethersheiscomingornot Itiscertainthathewillsucceed Itisnotknownwhyhedidthis 四 同位语从句 同位语从句一般用whether that等词引导 常放在名词后面 说明该名词的具体内容 换言之 同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系 1 同位语从句的先行词多为fact news idea thought question reply report remark等 关联词多用从属连词that WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldnotcome Theywereallverymuchworriedoverthefactthatyouweresick 2 同位语从句意义完整 应用that 意义不完整需增加 是否 的含义 应用whether 需要增加 什么时候 什么地点 什么方式 等含义 应用when where how等词 Ihavenoideawhetherhe llcomeornot Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration 3 表示 建议 命令 要求 的名词所跟的同位语从句中 谓语动词用虚拟语气 should 动词原形 should可省略 Thisisouronlyrequestthatthis should besettledassoonaspossible Thegeneralgavetheorderthatthesoldiersshouldcrosstheriveratonce ThenewsthatMr LiwillbeournewEnglishteacheristrue Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdayistrue 同位语从句 that不可省略 定语从句 that在从句中作told的宾语 可省略 4 that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别 句法功能上 意义上 that引导的同位语从句 that引导的定语从句 只起连接从句的作用 无意义 在从句中不充当句子成分 不可省略 替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用 还充当句子成分 若在从句中作宾语可省略 从句是被修饰名词的内容 从句起限定作用 是定语 经典试题 Astorygoes ElizabethIofEnglandlikednothingmorethanbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt whenB whereC whatD that2 Alongwiththeletterwashispromise hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas whichB thatC whatD whether3 Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars roadconditionneed A that tobeimprovingB which tobeimprovedC where improvingD when improving D B A 4 There safeelinginme we llneverknowwhataUFOis notever thatB whichC ofwhichD what5 Fathermadeapromise Ipassedtheexaminationhewouldbuymeanewdictionary thatB ifC whetherD thatif6 Informationhasbeenputforward moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities A whileB thatC whenD as7 isnopossibility Bobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch There thatB It thatC There whetherD It whether A D B A 8 Hissuggestion toseetheartexhibitioninterestedeveryoneofus A thatwegoB whichweshouldgoC thatwewouldgoD whenweshouldgo9 Heoftenaskedmethequestion theworkwasworthdoing A whetherB whereC thatD when10 Aftermonthsofresearchtherewaslittlehope thelostcarmightbefound A thatB whichC whenD how11 Thepossibility themajorityofthelaborforcewillworkathomeisoftendiscussed A whichB ifC thatD what A A A C 12 Whatareyouanxiousabout A Howcanwesucceed B Whetherwecansucceed C Whencanwesucceed D Thatwecansucceed13 Thesuggestion studentsshouldlearnsomepracticalknowledgeisworthconsidering A ifB whichC D which14 Thenursesaretryingtheirbesttoreducethepatient sfear hewoulddieofthedisease A thatB asC ofwhichD which15 Itissaidthatmoremiddleschoolgradateswillbeadmittedintouniversities thisistheinformation hasbeenputforward A whatB whichC whenD as B D A B 作业 填上适当的连接词 1 Ihavenoidea hewillbeback 2 Weheardthenews ourteamhadwon 3 Therearosethequestion wecouldgettheloan4 Thesuggestion theplan should bedelayedwillbediscussedtomorrow 5 Haveyouheardthenews Marywillbebacksoon when that where that that 注意 名词性从句的难点在于其句型结构不同 所使用的连词比较复杂 因此 如何确定正确的连词是突破名词性从句的关键 解决这一问题可以从以下几点入手 依据 缺什么补什么 原则确定正确的连词 所谓 缺什么补什么 是指句型结构与连词之间的关系 如果句子中缺主语 指人用who 指物用what 如缺宾语 指人用whom 指物用what 如缺时间状语用when 地点状语用where 原因状语用why 方式状语用how 定语用what或which 什么都不缺用that Iknowwhatheistalkingabout 缺宾语指物 我知道他正在谈论什么 I msurethathewillcometomorrow 什么都不缺 我确信明天他会来 Wherehewillgoisunknown 缺地点状语 他要去哪儿还不知道 Idon tknowwhichbookIshouldchoose 缺定语 我不知道应该选哪本书 注意组易混连词whether与if that与what的使用 引导主语 表语 同位语从句时关联词只用whether不用if表 是否 引导宾语从句时whether if均可 Thequestioniswhetherthefilmisworthseeing 问题是这部电影是否值得看 Whetherweshallattendthemeetinghasn tbeendecidedyet 是否我们要参加这次会议仍未被决定 Wedon tknowwhether ifsheisready 我们不知道她是否准备好了 that引导从句时不做成分 无意义 而what在从句中充当成分 有意义 W