英语讲义.doc

成人 英语三级串讲讲义赵文通一、时态和语态1. 如何解答时态问题 例1：Youve already missed too many classes this term. You _ just last week. A. missedB. would missC. had missedD. have missed 例2：Anne asked Tom _ the key. A. when he leftB. where he had leftC. how he leftD. why did he left考试重点：2. 与完成时有关的时态 现在完成时 (have done) since, for/ in the past few months, up to now 例1：Collecting toy cars as a hobby becomes increasingly popular during the past fifty years. A B C D 例2：English _ in a new way at my college in the past few years. A. has been taught B. was being taught C. has been taught D. had been taught. 过去完成时 (had done)例3：Anne asked Tom _ the key. A. when he leftB. where he had leftC. how he leftD. why did he left例4：The chemistry class_ for five minutes when we hurried there. A. had been onB. had begunC. has been onD. would began 将来完成时 (will have done) by例5：Were late I expect the film_ by the time we get to the cinema. A. had already started B. have alreadyC. will already have started D. have already been started. 现在完成进行时 (have been doing)例6：It seems oil _ from this pipe for some time. Well have to take the machine apart to put it right.A. had leaked B. is leaking C. leaked D. has been leaking 过去完成进行时 (had been doing) 将来完成进行时(will have been doing )例7：By the time you arrive this evening, _for two hours. A. I will studyB. I will have been studiedC. I had studiedD. I will have been studying.3. 在时间和条件状语从句中不用将来时态用一般现在时代替一般将来时例1：When the mixture_, it will give off a powerful force. A. will heatB. will be heatedC. is heatedD. has heated 例2：please be sure to telephone me the next time you _. A. will comeB. would comeC. shall comeD. come用现在完成时代替将来完成时例3：Smith is to study medicine as soon as he_ military service. A. will finishB. has finishedC. finishD. would finish注意：例4：No one can be sure if the car on display fits him or her until he or she_ them. A. triesB. will tryC. are tryingD. have tried4. 考试小窍门考试中如果遇到与完成时态相关的选项，要重点加以研读，一般说来是正确答案。二、情态动词1. 几个情态动词的否定式的含义cant may notmustntneedt 2. 表示推测的几个情态动词用法must表示肯定的推测，意思是“一定” +do 对现在情况的推测must +have done 对过去情况的推测 例1：I _ asleep in the corner, for I remember nothing of what happened during the night. A. might fallB. must fallC. must have fallenD. can have fallen cant/couldt表示否定的推测，意思是“不可能” +do 对现在情况的推测 cant/couldnt +have done 对过去情况的推测 may/might not表示可能性很小的推测，意思是“也许” +do 对现在情况的推测 may/might +have done 对过去情况的推测3. 情态动词的完成时虚拟语气的用法neednt have doneshould have doneshould not have doneought to have donecould have done 4. 考试小窍门在遇到情态动词加完成时和情态动词加原形同时出现的情况下，一般说来情态动词加完成时是正确答案。 Must do Must have done 三、虚拟语气赵文通 考试重点：1. 条件句中的虚拟语气例：I would ask George to lend us the money if I _ him. A. had knownB. have knownC. knewD. would know 例：If a better material _, the strength of the part would have been increased. A. had been usedB. had been usingC. being usedD. using条件句中的虚拟语气需要注意以下三点：? 如果条件句中有were, had, should时，可以把if省略，然后把这三个单词提前，形成倒装。例3：_ the advice of his friends, he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business.A. If he tookB. if he should takeC. Were he to takeD. Had he taken? 含蓄条件句中虚拟语气的应用三级考试中经常出现的三个句型：But for/without，, otherwise/or, but/though.例：But for your help, I _ the work in time. A. did not finishB. could not finish A. will not finishD. would not have finished例：Without electricity, human life _ quite different today.A. isB. will beC. would have been D. would be例：He was very busy yesterday; otherwise he_ to the meeting.A. would have comeB. would comeC. could comeD. had come例：We would have made a lot of money, but we halfway A. gave upB. had given upC.would give upD. were to give up? 错综时间条件句例：If I were you, I would not have missed the film last night.2. (should )+动词原形在某些从句中的应用? 1)当宾语从句从的谓语是suggest, request, insist, desire , demand, propose, order, command, arrange等动词时,如: 例：I suggested that we should go there on foot. 注意:当insist表示坚持认为之意时, 不用虚拟语气,用陈述语气. 如: 例：The man insisted that he had never stolen the money ? 2) It is ordered/desired/decided/requested/strange/important/natural/ 等后的主语从句中 例：It is desired that we should get everything ready tonight ? 3) advice, idea, order, plan, demand, proposal, suggestion, request等名词之后的表语从句和同位语从句中.如: 例：My suggestion is that we should hold a meeting this evening3. wish后的宾与从句中应当用虚拟语气4. if only 引导的感叹句中5. as if/as though引导的状语从句中6. would rather后的句子的虚拟语气谓语动词用过去式7. it is (high) time that .句型中, 从句的谓语动词用过去式四、非谓语动词1. 不定式?不定式的逻辑主语例：The road is wild enough for cars to pass by. 例：It is important for you to work hard. 例：It is kind of you to help me. ?不定式的时态和语态例：The magnificent museum is said _ about a hundred years ago. A. to be builtB. to have been built C. to have builtD. to have being built?使用不带to的不定式1)why not do表示委婉的建议例：Why not_Professor Li for help? He is kind-hearted and willing to help. A. askB. you askC. to askD. your asking2)使役动词have, make, let的后面接不定式做宾语补足语时，用省to的不定式。例：The teacher has the students _ a composition every other week. A. to writeB. writtenC. writingD. write例：While he was climbing the high mountain, he had his leg_ A. brokeB. breakC. brokenD. breaking 例：There was so much noise that the speaker couldnt make himself_ A. hearingB. being toldC. to hearD. heard3)表示生理感觉的动词如see, watch, notice, observe, hear后面接不定式做宾语补足语时，用省to的不定式。例：With tears on her face, the old lady watched the little boy_ to a hospital. A. sendB. to be sentC. being sentD. sending4)do something but/except do例：There is nothing we can do _ wait. A. butB. rather than C. in spite ofC. besides.5)记住下列不带to的短语cant butcant help buthad better2. 动名词1. 有些动词后面既可以接动名词又可以接不定式，但意思有差异remember forgetregret stopgo on mean 2. 后面跟动名词的固定句式have trouble/problems/difficult doing somethingfeel likespend/wastedoing somethingcant helpneed/deserve/wantbe worthwhat about/how about3. 分词分词作表语独立主格结构例1：During the discussion, Mr Boyd remained silent when asking his opinion. A B C D例2：Your experiment reports must be checked with care before_A. handed them in B. them handing in C. being handed in D. handing them in例：_ in the air fuels give off heat. A. T burn B. Burned C. T be burned D. Being burned五、状语从句赵文通考试重点：1 时间状语从句 while/when/as/until 一就no soonerthan/hardlywhen/scarcelywhen the momentthe minutethe instant 固定句型It is/has been .since1. 原因状语从句now that in that2. 条件状语从句unless as long as provided that3. 让步状语从句asthoughalthougheven ifeven thoughwhilewhatever例1：If you read t