跨文化交际实用教程unit4课件

Unit4 VerbalCommunication 2 Objectives LearntheculturallyloadedwordsLearntheculturalreflectionsonproverbsLearntaboosLearnthedifferencesinculturalthoughtpatterns 3 CONTENTS I Warm upcasesII DetailedStudy culturallyloadedwordsculturalreflectionsonproverbstaboosdifferencesinculturalthoughtpatternsIII SummaryIV Assignments 4 Case1 ShoesforStreetWalking I Warm upcases Question WhydidtheItalianshopownermakesuchablunder Shoesforstreetwalking Comeinandhaveafit 5 Interpretation astreetwalker aprostitutetohaveafit tobecomesuddenlyandviolentlyangryorupset 6 II DetailedStudy Loadedwordsandphrasesarethosewhichhavestrongemotionalovertones n 暗示 弦外音 寓意 orconnotations n 涵义 言外之意 andwhichevokestronglypositiveornegativereactionsbeyondtheirliteralmeaning 1 CulturallyLoadedWords Whatisloadedwords 7 AnimalsinEnglishandChinese Dragon inChineseculture itisatotemwithmanyroyalassociations suchas龙颜 龙床 龙袍 龙体 龙榻 龙心大喜 龙颜大怒 AndalltheChinesepeoplecallthemselvestobetheoffspringofthedragon IntheEnglishculture dragonreferstoagianthorribleanimallikethelizard meaningbeingterribleordisgusting Therefore inthewestapersonlikeadragonusuallyimpliesthatheishorrible viciousanddisgusting 8 AnimalsinEnglishandChinese Phoenix InChina itrefertoanauspiciousbird implyingthatpeacereignintheworld Alsoitreferstothequeenortheholyperson suchas凤冠 风辇 InEnglishitrefertoakindofbirdwhichhasbeenburnttodeath regeneratingfromtheashes Therefore phoenixmeansrevivingorregeneratinginthewesterncountry 9 AnimalsinEnglishandChinese Dogs Inthewest dogsarethefaithfulfriendsforthemankindandthelovablepetsinthefamily Thereforetheidiomrelatedtodogsusuallyhavethepositivemeaning suchasaluckydog幸运儿 anolddog老手 Everydoghasitsday 凡人皆有得意日 Heworkslikeadog 他工作很努力 Loveme lovemydog 爱屋及乌 InChina dogsareinsultinglanguages meaningbeingdespicableandhateful sotheidiomsrelatedtodogsusuallyhasnegativemeanings suchas走狗 丧家犬 看门狗 狗急跳墙 狗仗人势 狼心狗肺 鸡鸣狗盗 蝇营狗苟 10 AnimalsinEnglishandChinese Owl InChinaithassomethingtodowithdeath implyingbeingunlucky inthewest owlrelatestocleverness wiseness inEnglishapersonlikeanowlsuggeststhatheisascleverasanowl Peacock InChineseitisanauspiciousbird sowhenthepeacockspreadsittail itrepresentsauspiciousness prosperityandpeace However inEnglish peacockusuallymeansbeingpleasedwithoneselforshowingoffoneself therefore apersonlikeapeacocksuggeststhatheisasproudasapeacock 11 OwlInEnglish aswiseasanowl象猫头鹰一样聪明InChinese 猫头鹰进宅 好事不来bearInEnglish Heisabearatmaths 他是个数学天才 InChinese 瞧他那个熊样儿 真熊 12 fishInChinese 年年有余 鱼 InEnglish apoorfishaloosefishfishintheair 可怜虫 生活放荡的女人 水中捞月 13 Pleasechoosetheproperanimalwordsforeachphrase harehorsesnailmousebeemule asbusyasa asslowasa asstubbornasa astimidasa snail bee mule hare asstrongasa horse aspoorasachurch mouse 14 Adog slife争吵不休 过着不安宁的日子Gotothedogs每况愈下Dog eat dog狗咬狗的 损人利己的Doginthemanger站着茅坑不拉屎Dogdays大热天Doggybag餐馆里的打包袋 15 Betterbetheheadofadogthanthetailofalion drinklikeafishtreaduponeggs 宁为鸡头 不为凤尾 牛饮如履薄冰 16 Chinese 胆小如鼠狐假虎威瓮中之鳖 English astimidasarabbit chicken heartedanassinalion sskinlikearatinahole 17 Chinese 落汤鸡母老虎 比丈夫强的妻子 English likeadrenchedchicken likeadrownedratgreymare 18 干部 cadre母马 femalehorse mare 扁担 acarryingpole ashoulderpole一本书 abook知识分子 intellectual社会科学 socialscience thehumanities CanyoufindtheequivalentwordsinEnglishfortheseChinesewords 19 知识分子 InCC itreferstopeopleincludingcollegeteachers collegestudents middleschoolteachers andsuchpeopleasmedicaldoctors engineers interpreters InEC itreferstopeopleofhighacademicstatus collegeprofessors muchsmallerrangeofpeople notalwaysacomplimentaryterm sometimesusedinderogatorysense 20 干部 asmallgroupofpeoplewhoarespeciallychosenandtrainedforaparticularpurpose 骨干队伍 amemberofthiskindofgroup 干部InEC manypeopledon tknowwhatitmeans notacommonword Someothersubstitutes official functionary administrator etc ButnoneofthesegetsexactsamemeaningasChineseword 干部 21 社会科学 SocialSciencesinChinesecoversallthefieldsexcepttheonesinthenaturalscienceandappliedsciences Sameas thehumanities inEnglish WhileinEnglish socialsciences coverasmallerareaoflearning Itincludespoliticalscience economics history oftenclassifiedunderthehumanities andsociology thebranchesoflearningthatstudyhumansociety especiallyitsorganizationandrelationshipofindividualmemberstoit 22 Birdsandanimals maleorfemale Generictermmalefemaletheyoungchickencock roosterhenchickduckdrakeduckducklinggoosegandergoosegoslinghorsestallionmarefoalcattle cowbullcowcalfdogdogbitchpuppysheepramewelambdeerstagdoefawnpigboarsowshoat 23 bull cow cockorhen male female she Notallanimalsorbirdshavespecificnamesthatdenotedifferentsex bull cow cockorhenarefrequentlyusedtodistinguishsex bullseal cocksparrow hensparrowmale female shealsoacceptablemaleleopard femalepanda shewolf 24 副 副主席vice chairman副教授associateprofessor副主任deputydirector副秘书长assistantsecretary副州长lieutenantgovernor副国务卿undersecretary 25 ColorsinChineseandEnglish Red InChinese redusuallyhassomethingtodowithhappiness fortunes fervency auspiciousness Suchas 红喜字 红盖头 红地毯 红灯笼 红包 红利 满堂红 Also reddenotestherevolution Suchas红旗 红领巾 红军 红色根据地 InEnglishredhassomethingtodowithbloodorinfelicity implyingbleeding dangerorviolence Forexample redintoothandclaw血淋淋 aredtagtothebull令人生气的事情 beinthered负债亏空 seered大发脾气 redrevenge血腥复仇 26 ColorsinChineseandEnglish Yellow InChinese yellowhassomethingwithsovereign harvest andwealth Forexample 黄袍 黄榜 黄道吉日 Alsoitisrelatedtosomethingpornographicandscurrilous suchas黄色电影 黄色小说 黄碟 InEnglish yellowjustreferstoacolorexistinginourlife suchas yellowcard黄牌 ayellowalarm黄色警报 yellowline黄线 yellowlight黄灯 yellowpage黄页 27 ColorsinChineseandEnglish green InChinese greenisrelevanttopeace safety hope environmentalprotection suchas绿色食品 greenfood 绿色产业greenindustry 绿色能源 greenpower 绿色产品 greenproducts Sometimes ithassomethingtodowiththeadulterybetweenmenandwomen suchas绿帽子 绿头巾 InEnglish greenisthemostvaluablecolorinthenature also itmeansimmature suchasgreentomatoes不成熟的人 Aswellgreenimpliesbeingenvywithsomebodysuchasgreenwithenvy 28 green agreenhand 生手 易上当受骗的人 greengoods 新鲜货 agreenman 新来水手 agreenoldage 老当益壮 等等 green eyed 嫉妒 眼红 Youareexpectingtoomuchofhim Heisstillgreen youknow 你对他要求过高 他还没经验嘛 greenback 美钞 greenpower 金钱的力量 或 财团 29 White thecolorofsnow WesterncountryFair pure inthewedding Lucky eg awhiteday ConservativeModernmeaning equal fromthefilm white ChinaUnlucky 葬礼 白事 Crafty 奸诈的 eg 白脸的曹操 Vain eg 没效果 白费力气 不付出代价而享受 eg 吃白食 小白脸 30 White SnowWhite whiteChristmas awhitesoultheWhiteHouseHehaswhitehands whitehand有 pure 纯洁 或 unstained 清白 之意 31 whitewar指没有硝烟的战争 常指 经济竞争 whiteelephant 昂贵却派不上用场的物体或物主不需要但又无法处置之物 whitegoods表示纯洁 美好 善意 合法 公平 幸福 轻轻的 政治上反动等awhiteflag 32 白色 白手 白手起家 startfromscratch buildupfromnothing白眼thetiredlook白丁verycommonpeople表示清楚 明白 陈述 纯净 无代价的 无效的 政治上反动的等 33 White inChinese 白班dayshift白鹭egret白内障cataract白痴idiot白开水plainboiledwater白血病leukemia白眼supercilious白手起家tostartfromscratch 34 Black thecolorofnightorcoal WesterncountryEvil e g blackmail UnluckyVS whitemeaningunluckinessinChineseHopeless e g thingwasbeginningtolookprettyblackforus ChinaRighteous e g 黑脸的包公铁面无私 Thesameaswesterncountry evil 黑社会 Secret e g 黑话 35 black blackmoney 黑钱 blackmarket 黑市交易或黑市 ablackletterday不吉祥的日子 倒霉的一天blackox不幸blackfigure intheblack都表示 盈利 赚钱 表示 严重的 不受欢迎的 不吉利的 罪恶的 不合适的 不合法的 愤怒的 等 36 黑色 黑心人theverycruelpeople黑帮thereactionaryorganizationsgatheredsecretly多表示贬意如 阴暗的 非法的 秘密的 坏的 狠毒的等 37 BlackinChinese 黑眼镜sunglasses黑货smuggledgoods黑心肠evilmind黑话cant黑体字boldfacetype黑咕隆咚pitch dark黑死病theplague黑更半夜inthedeadofnight 38 Translationofblack 1 blacktea红茶 而不译为黑茶 汉语中的 红茶 译成英语是 blacktea 字面上意为 黑茶 这是因为汉语针对茶水的颜色而言 故称其为 红 而英语的着眼点则放在茶叶的颜色上 故称其为 黑 2 blackandblue青一块紫一块 而不是青一块黑一块 39 Blue thecolorofsky WesterncountrySad eg gettheblues blues aslowsadstyleofmusicthatcamefromthesouthernUS Obscene mentionedabove bluebook Noble highlyprivileged e g blue blooded belongingtoaroyalornoble Modernmeaning freedom fromthefilm blue China表示天空和大海的颜色 京剧中的蓝脸表示人物刚直勇猛 坚毅勇敢 桀骜不驯 有心计等如窦尔敦 单雄信 马武等 40 blue heisarealblueblood 他是真正的贵族 blue eyedboys 受到管理当局宠爱和特别照顾的职工 bluebook 蓝皮书 blue skymarket 露天市场 blue collarworkers 从事体力劳动的工人 41 Youlookbluetoday What swrongwithyou 你今天看起来闷闷不乐 出了什么事 忧郁 伤感 沮丧 ablueMonday 倒霉的星期一 inabluemood 情绪低沉 bluemoon onceinabluemoon 罕见之至 极不可能 千载难逢 blue 42 Grey themixedcolorofblackandwhite WesterncountryExperienced e g greyhand老手 Boring e g agreybook Gloomy e g greyprospects Reliable expensive 灰色是西方消费者联想到贵重的 质量可靠的商品 Chinaalsothemeaning gloomy depressed e g 灰心丧气 心灰意懒 Cheap unqualified 灰色使消费者联想到廉价货 水货 43 Purple themixedcolorofredandblue WesterncountryRoyal e g borntothepurple bornintoahighsocialclass Flashyandwithoutsubstance 华而不实的 e g apurplepassage ChinaPropitious 祥瑞 e g 紫气冲天 紫气东来 44 Pink palered WesterncountryHealthy e g Inthepink ingoodshape Mostlyreferredtofemale e g Pinkjobs 女性的职业 ChinaRelatedwiththecolorofpeachRomantic e g 桃花运 Thevaguerelationshipbetweenmenandwomen 桃色新闻 45 NumbersinEnglishandChinese Inchina Three sixeightandnineareusuallyregardedtheauspiciousnumbers andthesenumbersordatesareusuallyusedinourdailylife Also nineisthelargestoneinthetenArabicnumberswiththepartialtonewiththeChinesecharacter 久 meaningforever Therefore mostemperorsinChinaadmiredthisnumberwhichcanbereflectedinthearchitectureofthePalaceMuseum AlsotherearesomeotheridiomsrelatednineinChinese 46 NumbersinEnglishandChinese suchas 九流 九泉 九族 九品 九连环 九牛二虎 九九重阳 九九艳阳天 However fourandfivehavethepartialtonewiththeChinesecharacter 死 无 Therefore thesenumbersareregardedunlucky Inthewest thirteenisregardedastheunluckynumberwhichisrelatedwiththestoryoftheJesusdeath Ifitis13thonFriday itiscalledtheBlackFriday meaningthemostunfortunateday 47 Summary Aterminonelanguagedoesnotnecessarilyhaveacounterpartintheotherlanguage 扁担 Wordsortermsinbothlanguageappeartorefertothesameobjectorconceptonlyonthesurface butactuallyrefertoquitedifferentthings 龙 48 Thingsorconceptsarerepresentedbyoneorperhapstwotermsinonelanguage butbymanymoretermsintheotherlanguage ie finerdistinctionsexistintheotherlanguage 社会科学 Termshavemoreorlessthesameprimarymeaning buthavesecondaryoradditionalmeaningsthatmaydifferconsiderablyfromeachother 龙 49 2 CulturalReflectionsonProverbs Proverbsmayprovideinterestingglimpsesorcluestoapeople sgeography history socialorganization socialviews etc Anewbroomsweepsclean 新官上任三把火Manyhandsmakelightwork 众人拾柴火焰高 Don tputoffuntiltomorrowwhatyoucandotoday 今日事今日毕 Killtwobirdswithonestone 一箭双雕 Hastemakeswaste 欲速则不达 50 Wherethere ssmokethere sfire 无风不起浪 Thegrassisalwaysgreenerontheothersideofthefence 这山望着那山高 Beautyisonlyskindeep 好花不常开 好景不常在 Sparetherodandspoilthechild 玉不琢不成器Giveapersonadoseofhisownmedicine 以其人之道还治其人之身 51 Manproposes Goddisposes 尽人事 听天命 谋事在人 成事在天 Itisasintostealapin 勿以恶小而为之 勿以善小而不为 Revengeisadishthatcouldbeeatencold 君子报仇 十年不晚 Everydoghasitsday 人人皆有得意日 十年风水轮流转 52 Theaboveexpressionsgetsimilar samemeaningsbothinEnglishandChinese Butsomeothersgetdissimilarities 良药苦口利于病 忠言逆耳利于行 Frankadviceislikegoodherbalmedicine hadtotakebutultimatelybeneficial 瓜田不纳履 李下不整冠 Neitheradjustyourshoesinthemelonpatch noryourhatunderaplumtree 一人得道 鸡犬升天 Eventhedogsswaggerswhenitsmasterwinsfavor 53 Hardtofindequivalents Absencemakestheheartgrowfonder 越是不见越想见 Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway 一天一苹果 医生远离我 Letsleepingdogslie 莫惹是非 Youcan tteachanolddognewtricks 年逾花甲不堪教 Youcan thaveyourcakeandeatittoo 鱼与熊掌不可兼得 54 Lighteningneverstrikesthesameplacetwice 福无双至 祸不单行 坏事不过二 祸无双至 同一灾害不会在同一场所重复发生 Oneswallowdoesnotmakeasummer 一叶知秋 一燕不成夏 一花独放不是春 55 Surfacesimilarities butdifferences Ittakestwotomakeaquarrel 一个巴掌拍不响 Amissisasgoodasamile 差之毫厘失之千里 Gildingthelily 锦上添花 Lifebeginsatforty 三十如狼 四十如虎 Ifyouliedownwithdogs youwillgetupwithfleas 近朱者赤 近墨者黑 56 TheProverbsinEnglishandChineseCulture 趁热打铁 Strikewhiletheironishot 不入虎穴焉得虎子 Nothingventured nothinggained 打铁还得自身硬 Forgingtheironneedsastrongbody 行行出状元 Everyprofessionproducesitsownbest 亡羊补牢未为晚已 It snevertoolatetomend 眼不见心不烦 Outofsight outofmind 物以类聚人以群分 Birdsofafeatherflocktogether 三思而后行 Lookbeforeyourleap 57 TheProverbsinEnglishandChineseCulture Wherethereisawill thereisaway 有志者事竟成 Worksmaketheworkman 勤工出巧匠 Constantdroppingwearsthestone 水滴石穿 LikeFather likeson 有其父必有其子 Greatmindthinkalike 英雄所见略同 Romewasn tbuiltinaday 冰冻三尺非一日之寒 Wherethereisalife thereisahope 留得青山在不愁没柴烧 Sparetherod spoilthechild 棒打出孝子 惯养忤逆儿 58 TheMottosintheChineseandEnglishCulture Ittakestenyearstogrowtrees butahundredtorearpeople 十年树木百年树人 Eattolive butnotlivetoeat 吃饭为了活着 活着不是为了吃饭 Afriendinneedisafriendindeed 路遥知马力 日久见人心 Speechissilver butsilenceisgold 言语是银 沉默是金 Twodogsstriveforaboneathirdrunsawaywithit 鹬蚌相争 渔翁得利 59 TheMottosintheChineseandEnglishCulture 山重水复疑无路 柳暗花明又一村 Sometimes thingsmayseemtobeprettybad butifyouworkhard therewillbealightattheendofthetunnel 亦余心之所向兮 虽九死其犹未悔 FortheidealthatIholddeartomyheart I dnotregretathousandstimestodie 苟利国家生死以 岂因祸福避趋之 Ishalldedicatemyselftotheinterestsofthecountryinlifeanddeathirrespectiveofpersonalwealandwoe 60 TheMottosintheChineseandEnglishCulture 华山再高 顶有过路 Nomatterhowhighthemountainis onecanalwaysascendtoitstop 人或加讪 心无疵兮Myconsciencestaysuntaintedinspiteofrumorsandslandersfromoutside 兄弟虽有小忿 不废懿亲 Differencebetweenbrotherscannotservetheirties 不畏浮云遮望眼 只因身在最高层 Wehavenofearofthecloudsthatmayblockoursightaswearealreadyatthetopoftheheight 61 TheIdiomsRelatedtotheChineseCulture 吃豆腐 toeatthebeancurd放鸽子 tostandsbup泼冷水 tothrowthecoldwateron敲竹杠 torobbyatrick走过场 todosthasaformality打酱油 towalkbyorbenotinvolvedin炒鱿鱼 tobedismissedfromtheoffice唱高调 tohaveanemptytalk拉大旗作虎皮 deckoneselfandfrighten挂羊头卖狗肉 sailunderthefalsecolor 62 TheIdiomsRelatedtotheChineseCulture 丧家犬 apersonoutoffavor冷板凳 acoldreception闭门羹 refusalofentrance笑面虎 afriendly lookingvillain替罪羊 awhippingguy敲门砖 asteppingstonetosuccess撒手锏 thetrumpcardorspecialty醋坛子 apersontobejealous此地无银三百两 averypoorliereleasingthetruth不见兔子不撒鹰 totaketheactionattheappropriatemoment 63 TheTwo partAllegoricalSayinginChinese 狗撵鸭子 呱呱叫 todosthverywell吃了秤砣 铁了心 tobedeterminedtodosth 茶壶倒饺子 有口道不出benotgoodatexpressingoneself老鼠跑进风箱里 两头受气 sufferfrombothsides瞎子点灯 白费蜡 todosthuseless十五只水桶打水 七上八下 tobeupset擀面杖吹火 一窍不通 toknownothingabout王婆卖瓜 自卖自夸 toboastoneself老牛拉破车 慢慢吞吞 tomakeslowprogress猪鼻子插根葱 冒充大象 todosthpretendedly 64 TheTwo partAllegoricalSayinginChinese 徐庶进曹营 一言不发 Holdthetongue 骑驴看唱本 走着瞧 Readingwhileriding 孔夫子搬家 净是输 Keeplosingallthetime 三九的萝卜 动了心 Amid winterturnip theheartisfrozen moved 阎王爷出告示 鬼话连篇 Thekingofthehell sannouncement aseriesoflies 猫哭老鼠 假慈悲 Acatcryingthemouse smisfortune shammercy 牛角抹油 又尖又滑 becunningandtreacherous正月十五贴门神 晚了半个月 It stoolatetodo 65 SomeExpressionsintheInternetculture hold得住 beabletocontrolasituation卖萌 topretendtobelovable坑爹 tobecheated 悲催 miserableorfailing打酱油 towalkonorlookon杯具 sadorunhappy给力 tomakesbcheerup正能量 thepositivefactors纠结 tobeannoyed 拍砖 tocriticizeonthenet潜水 toconcealoneselfontheinternet 灌水 tomakethemeaninglesscomment 66 SomeExpressionsintheInternetCulture GF girlfriend CY seeyouY why PS Photoshop俯卧撑 tobenotone sownbusiness元芳 你怎么看 havenoone sownopinion躲猫猫 toremoveoneselffromtheresponsibility至于你信不信 反正我信了 toshowthedoubtfulattitudetowardthetruthofanincident贾君鹏 你妈喊你吃饭呢 topersuadetheyoungmennottolosethemselvesintothenetLJ rubbish FQ thecynicalyoungmenBC theidiot 94 youareright8147 Don tgetangry 555 feelsadandcry 67 3 Taboos aculturalorreligiouscustomthatdoesnotallowpeopletodo useortalkaboutaparticularthingaspeoplefinditoffensiveorembarrassingExcretaandactsofhumanexcretionSexualintercourse certainpartsofthebody fourletters Swearwords age sex occupation 68 HumanExcretion gotothecan gototheJohngoandseeone sauntI mgoingtopicksomeflowers CanIaddsomepowder Iwouldliketopowdermynose IwonderifIcouldgosomewhere heed answerthecallofnatureMayIbeexcused Naturecallsme 69 Sex Bodyparts peepee penis weewee urinate downthere vagina sheisexpectingababy sheisinafamilyway Sheisexpecting Sheisinadelicatecondition Sheiswell along Sheisabouttohaveablessedevent 70 TalkingaboutsexualintercourseandcertainpartsofthebodyistabooinEnglishculture Eg makeloveTohavesexwith 71 Four letterwordsarestillconsideredimproperinmostconversation especiallyinmixedcompany eg Fucktits shitJesusChristHolyMarySonofabitchbitchDamn Damnit Hell 72 委婉语的类别1 传统委婉语生 老 病 死性裸拉撒 decease expire breatheone slast fallasleepelderly goldenager matureinone sbirthdaysuit 73 die GodepartdepartfromthisworldgotoabetterworldgothewaysofallfleshpassawaylateInChinese wealsocanfindsimilareuphemisms 去了 离开了我们 辞世 去见马克思了 归西 升天 上路 74 disease Abbreviations SARS SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndromes AIDS AcquiredImmureDeficiencySyndrome V D venerealdisease 性病bigC longdisease terminalillness cancer 75 OldAge seniorcitizensadvancedinagegoldenyears 76 Swearwords 1 somewordsaremoreoffensivesomeareless2 age sex occupation3 settingorenvironment 77 appleandpipnumberoneSeeamanaboutadog horse PlantasweetpeapickadaisyPluckarosetospendapennyWee weecis ciscissysis sississy 78 GetsomefreshairMayIpleasebeexcused American Powderone snoseWashone shandsWhatisthegeographyofthehouse 79 2 职业委婉语 eg homehelphousemanmeattechnologistrecyclerbeauticiancosmetologisthairstylist visionengineerwardrobeengineermixologist酒吧调酒员 80 sanitationengineer环卫师 婉指垃圾工人 visionengineer视力工程师 婉指眼镜商 sleepengineer睡眠工程师 婉指床具制造商 81 TheTaboosintheChineseCulture 入赘 marryintoandlivewiththebridefamily 怀春 tofallinlovewith有喜 tobepregnant临盆 tohaveabirth续弦 toremarryafterthewifedied失聪 losethehearing发福 becomefat苗条 tob