现在,过去分词用法及习题解析版.doc

非谓语动词讲解及训练现在分词动词的-ing形式： 动词的ing形式是非谓语动词中的一种，它由动词原形加-ing 形成。有的动词-ing形式在句中起名词作用，有的则起形容词或副词作用。所以在句中，动词的-ing形式可以担当除了谓语以外的任何成分，即：主语、表语、宾语（介词宾语和动词宾语）、定语、状语和宾语补足语（宾补）。动词-ing形式仍具有动词的若干特点，所以它又可以有自己的宾语和状语等。一般式：动词原形+-ing 所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生e.g. I found him lying on the ground. 完成式：having+动词的过去分词 所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前e.g. Do you remember having promised me that? 被动式：being+动词的过去分词或having been +动词的过去分词，表示该词的逻辑主语是动作的承受者e.g. I cant stand being treated like that. 否定式：在动词的-ing形式前加not 或 nevere.g. I apologize for not having kept my promise.1.作表语，相当于形容词。1)The film is moving and interesting.这部电影感人又有趣。2)The news sounds encouraging.这个消息听起来激动人心。（起形容词作用的动词的 ing 形式含有“令人”的意思。如：amusing, astonishing, boring, exciting, inspiring, missing, promising, puzzling, surprising, tiring, embarrassing, disappointing, worrying, frightening, moving）pleasing, etc.）2.作定语exciting news激动人心的消息a tiring day 累人的一天1) The man running over there is our chairman. =The man who is running over there is our chairman.这个跑过来的人是我们的主席。2)The road joining the two villages is very wide. =The road that joins the two villages is very wide.连接两个村子的路非常的宽。3)They lived in a room facing the north thirty years ago. =They live in a room which faced the north thirty years ago.三十年前，他们住在一个朝北的房间里。3.宾语补足语，经常用在动词feel，hear，leave，keep，listen to，look at，notice，see，watch，etc.后作宾补，表示动作正在进行，状态正在持续。1) When he passed the bank, he saw the thief stealing some money. 当他路过银行的时候，他看到小偷正在偷钱。2) The parents can hear their daughter playing the piano. 这对父母可以听到他们的女儿在弹钢琴。3) He kept me waiting for almost an hour. 他让我等了将近一个小时。4)Dont leave him waiting outside in the rain.别让他在雨里等。4.作状语： 分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、伴随等等。分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。1) The secretary worked late into the night, preparing a long speech for the president. (伴随状语) 秘书工作到深夜，为主席准备长长的演讲稿。2) They came into the classroom, singing and dancing. (伴随状语) 她们边唱边跳走进教室。3) Hearing the news he jumped. （时间状语） 听到这个消息他跳了起来。4) Having studied the map, I know which way to go.（时间状语） 研究了地图之后，我知道该走哪条路了。5) Not wanting to be late, I took a taxi there. （原因状语） 为了避免迟到，我打车去那儿的。6) Being so angry, he couldnt go to sleep. （原因状语） 他太生气了睡不着。7) Being unemployed, the man hasnt enough money to buy food. 这个男人被解雇了，没有足够的钱买食物。8) The bus was held up by the snowstorm, thus causing the delay. (结果状语) 公交车被困在暴风雪中，耽误了时间。9) His parents died, leaving him alone. (结果状语) 他的父母去世了，留下他一个人。10) Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. (让步) 虽然被告知了很多次，他仍然重复同样的错误。11) While playing the piano, she got very excited.=When she was playing the piano, she got very excited.她弹钢琴的时候变得非常兴奋。12) Be careful when crossing the street.=Be careful when you are crossing the street.过马路的时候要小心。注意：(1)V-ing 所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生1) Hearing the bad news, they couldnt help crying. =On hearing the bad news, they couldnt help crying. 听到这个坏信息，他们忍不住哭了。常用的这类动词有：arrive, close, cook, hear, leave, open, return, see etc.(2)动词-ing所表示的动作完成之后，谓语动词所表示的动作才发生1) Having turned off the radio, he began to go over his lessons.=After turning off the radio, he began to go over his lessons.他关掉了收音机，开始复习功课。2) Having received his letter, I decided to write back.=After receiving his letter, I decided to write back.收到他的信，我决定回信。(3)感官动词see, watch observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 等和使役动词 have的后面的宾补用现在分词表示主动或正在进行。1) I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday. 昨天我路过她教室的时候，听到她在唱一首英语歌。2) Its wrong of you to leave the machine running. 你不该让机器运行。3) The peasants had the tractor working day and night at the harvest time. 在收获季节，农民让拖拉机日夜不停的工作。（4）动词-ing逻辑上的主语是动词-ing所表示动作的对象时，一般要用被动形式1) The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 松鼠很幸运，没有被抓住。 比较：He insisted on being sent to hospital. He insisted on sending her to hospital. 如果一个及物动词作定语 ，既要表达进行意味，又要表达被动意味时，就用动词ing的被动形式2) The question being discussed is very important. 正在讨论的问题非常重要。 3) The skyscraper being built is still higher than that one the year before last. 正在修建的摩天大楼比前年盖的那个还要高。4) Do you know the boy being punished by our teacher? 你认识那个被老师惩罚的男生吗？（5）动词-ing形式的主动形式代替被动形式的情况 有些动词，如：want, need, require, deserve, worth等后面可以跟动词-ing的主动形式代替被动形式，表达被动意味。 1) The radio wants (needs, requires) repairing. =The radio wants (needs, requires) to be repaired. 2) The babies want (need, require) examining. = The babies want (need, require) to be examined. 3) The book is well worth reading again. 这本书很值得再看一遍。 4) These honest men are worth respecting and depending on. 诚实的人值得被尊敬和依赖。(6)有时动词-ing形式之前加上物主代词或名词的所有格（还可以用宾格）来表示它逻辑上的主语，使它的意思更加完整。1) Marys being late again made her teacher very angry. 玛丽又迟到了，这让她的老师非常生气。2) Do you mind my /me smoking here? 你介意我在这里抽烟吗？(7) 一些特殊用法：a.allow/advise/forbid/permit doing sth. allow/advise/forbid/permit sb. to dob.Generally speaking - 一般来说Frankly speaking, - 坦白地说Judging from - 根据来判断Considering - 考虑到c.forget doing sth. 忘记已经做过某事remember doing sth. 记得曾经做过某事regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事stop doing sth. 停止做一件事try doing sth. 尝试着做某事mean doing sth. 意味着做某事go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事cant help doing sth. 情不自禁地做某事注意比较： forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 remember to do sth. 记住去做某事 regret to do sth. 遗憾去做某事 stop to do sth. 停下来接着做另一件事 try to do sth. 努力做某事 mean to do sth. 意欲/想/企图做某事 go on to do sth.（做完某事）接着做另一件事 cant help to do sth.不能帮助做某事语法练习一、改写句子1. It seems impossible to save money now. =_ _ now seems impossible.2.When he woke up, he found he was lying in bed. =When he woke up, he found _ _ in bed.3. I would rather stay at home than go shopping with Mom. =I _ _at home _ _shopping with Mom.4.As soon as he arrived, my father hugged Albert and tried to give him courage= _ _, my father hugged Albert and tried to give him courage.5.If time permits, Ill attend your wedding ceremony. =_ _, Ill attend your wedding ceremony.一、改写句子1. Saving money 2. himself lying 3. prefer staying; to going 4. upon arrival5. Time permitting2、 单项选择1. She insisted _ to Miami for her summer vacation though it would cost much money.A. on taking B. on being takenC. to take D. to be taken2. He sent me an E-mail, _to get further information. A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope3. -Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day? -_enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up. A. Get B. getting C. To get D. To be getting4. The headmaster hurried to the concert hall， only _ the speaker _. A. t find; left B. finding; leaving C. finding; left D. to find; gone5. As I will be away for at least a year. Id appreciate _from you now and then _me how everyone is getting along. A. hearing; tell B. to hear; tell C. hearing; telling D. to hear; to tell6. _in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited7. The job is _to me because I have little experience. However, it is also_. A. challenging; rewarding B. challenged; rewarded C. challenging; rewarded D. challenged; rewarding8. _comfortably in a chair, he was completely lost in a magazine. A. To sit B. Sat C. Sitting D. having sit9. -Ive never seen anyone run so fast-_David go. A. just watch B. just to watch C. just watching D. just having watched10. _ with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared 11. It is said that the Olympic Games_ in Beijing in 2008 covered more events than any other Olympics had done.A. holding B. to be held C. held D. to be holding12. In the face of the big fire in October in California, many people in the fire-stricken areas moved out _.A. to escape burning B. to escape being burnedC. escaping burned D. escaping from burning13. The great hall was crowded with many people, _ many children _ on their parents laps.A. including; seated B. including; seating C. included; sat D. included; sitting14. _ for a long time, most of the crops in this area died from lacking water.A. Being no rain B. There was no rainC. To be no rain D. There being no rain 15. Taking this medicine, if _, will of course do good to his health.A. continued B. to continue C. continues D. continuing16. The little boy still needs the _ 20 dollars to do with some things _.A. remaining, remained to be settled B. remaining, remaining to be settledC. remained, remained to settle D. remained, remaining to settle17. _ his age, the little boy read very well.A. Considering B. Considered C. Consider D. Having considered18. His letter, _ to the wrong number, reached me late.A. having been addressed B. to have addressedC. to have been addressed D. being addressed19. There are lots of places of interest _ in our city.A. needs repairing B. needing repairedC. needed repairing D. needing to be repaired20. - What caused the party to be put off?- _ the invitations.A. Tom delayed sending B. Toms delaying sendingC. Tom delaying to send D. Tom delayed to send21. Standing on the top of the hill, I would not to do anything but_ the flowing of the smog around me.A. enjoy B. enjoying C. enjoyed D. to enjoy22. - Is Tom a good talker?- No, he never speaks to me other than _ something.A. ask for B. to ask for C. asked for D. asking for23. I cant get my car _ on cold mornings, so I have to try _ the radiator with some hot water.A. run; to fill B. running; fillingC. running; to fill D. ran; filling24. The drunken husband knocked against the table and sent the bowls _ in all directions before he was sent _ by his wife.A. flying; to sleep B. flying; sleepingC. to fly; to sleeping D. to fly; to sleep25. When we got back from the cinema, we found the lamp _ but the door _.A. being on; shut B. burning; shuttingC. burning; shut D. on; shutting26. We found the students seated at tables and had their eyes_ on the scene of the launch of Shenzhou V spaceship.A. fixed B. fix C. fixing D. to fix27. A doctor can expect _ at any hour of the day or night.A. calling B. to call C. being called D. to be called28. The boy often gives a satisfactory answer to the teachers question, _ just a minute. So hes usually the teachers pet.A. thought B. having thought C. and to think D. thinking29. The policeman came up to the only house with the door _, _ there for a while and then entered it.A. open; to stand B. opening; stood C. open; stood D. opened; standing30. Mr. Smith was much surprised to find the watch he had had _ was nowhere to be seen.A. repairing B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired语法精讲动词的-ed形式（过去分词）一、构成和用法1、过去分词是动词非谓语形式的一种（v-ed），在句中作状语、定语、表语、宾语补足语。例如：1）作状语：Interested in the stories (as they were interested in her stories), they gave Tracy Wong $15,000 advance. 因为对她的小说感兴趣，他们预付了Tracy Wong一万五千美元。 The boy sat at the table buried in his lessons (and (he) was buried in his lessons). 那位男孩坐在桌前，埋头做功课。2）作定语：The first mammal cloned from an adult cell（that was / had been cloned from an adult cell）was Dolly the sheep. 第一个用成年细胞克隆的哺乳动物是克隆羊多莉。The name mentioned in the letter（which was mentioned in the letter）was unknown to me. 信里提到的名字我不熟。3）作表语：We were surprised to find that the window was broken. 窗子破了。4）作宾语补足语：He found it hard to make himself understood. 他发现很难使自己被理解。问题：由上例（斜体部分）你能看出过去分词有什么特点？结论：a）过去分词（常常）表示“被动”含义。 b）作状语和定语时，多数是由相应的从句转化而来。2、下面的例子中过去分词不表示被动：The ground is covered with fallen leaves. 地上铺满了落叶。At present China is still less developed than most of western countries. 目前中国还没有多数西方国家发达。Eating boiled eggs will do you good. 吃煮鸡蛋对你的身体有好处。问题：斜体部分的动词有什么共同点？结论：fall（掉，落下），develop（发展），boil（煮）等动词在上例中是不及物动词，不及物动词是不能表示被动的，它们的过去分词形式只表示“完成”、“过去”。3、过去分词的否定（not，never等）要放在过去分词前面。如：Not given enough time, I had to give up halfway. 由于没有给我足够的时间，我只得中途放弃。4、修饰分词的副词一般置于分词的前面。如：Greatly encouraged by the story, we are determined to do our best for the country. 在这个故事的鼓舞下，我们决心全心全意为祖国服务。5、过去分词还可以与其它词组成合成形容词。1）副词过去分词：well-educated（受过良好教育的），ill-treated（受到恶劣对待的），overused（被滥用的），homemade（家制的）2）名词过去分词：hand-made（手工制作的），man-made（人造的）3）另外还有，形容词（或名词）名词ed的形式：Kind-hearted（心地善良的），absent-minded（心不在焉的）， warm-blooded（温血的）二、形容词化的过去分词与现在分词有些动词的过去分词和现在分词已经变成了形容词，这类动词的往往与人的心理感受有关，如：amaze（使吃惊）amazedamazing; excite（使兴奋）excitedexciting, please（使满意）pleasedpleasing, thrill（使紧张）thrilledthrilling等。这类过去分词表示：“感到的（having the feeling of ）”，表示人的感受，例如：The public was shocked at his intention to clone a human. 公众对他克隆人的意图感到震惊。The disappointed parents gave a wry smile.（感到）失望的父母苦笑了笑。流露出的（showing the feeling of），用来形容人的“表情、眼神”等，常修饰象look, expression, eye等名词，如：The audience wore a bored look on their faces. 听众脸上挂着厌烦的表情。现在分词则表示“令人（感到）的（giving the feeling of），主要修饰表示事物的名词，但也不尽然。如：The result is disappointing. 结果令人失望。They rejoiced at the exciting news. 他们对这令人兴奋的消息欣喜若狂。试比较：the disappointed boy（感到）失望的男孩（意思是说这个男孩感到失望）the disappointing boy 令人失望的男孩（意思是说这个男孩令人失望）因此，在特定的语境中要多加推敲。三、图解分词（分词各种形式的比较）在多数情况下，现在分词表示“主动”、“进行”的含义； 过去分词表示“被动”、“完成”的含义；如果是“被动”但又是“进行”，那么就用“现在分词的被动式”，“现在分词的被动式”一般用作定语。如果是“主动”但又是“完成”，那么就用“现在分词的完成式”，“现在分词的完成式”用作状语。 现在分词的被动式 the bridge being built 正在（被）兴建的桥主动 进行 现在分词 the workers building the bridge 正在建桥的工人被动 完成 过去分词 the bridge built 已（被）建成的桥现在分词的完成式 Having built the bridge, the workers were allowed some days leave. 建完了桥后，单选 1. What did the librarian _ out of the library?A. permit to take B. forbid to be taken C. allow to take D. insist being taken2. - Mum, why do you give me so much popcorn?- _ the boring time.A. Kill B. Killing C. To kill D. Having killed3. What Yang Liwei wanted to do when he got out of the spaceship was _ the joy with all the Chinese.A. share B. shared C. having shared D. about to share4. When she was alone at home, Mary needed a friend _.A. playing with B. having played with C. with whom to play with D. with whom to play5. _ the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree _ out of life.A. Seeing; frightened B. Seeing; frightening C. Seen; frightened D. To see; frightening6. Could you give me a hand _ from a car, please?A. to carry the shopping B. for carrying the shoppingC. and carrying shopping D. carrying the shopping7. Every minute must be made full use of _ our lessons, for the college entrance examination is coming.A. going over B. to go over C. go over D. our going over8. Who did the teacher have _ an article for the wall newspaper just now?A. written B. writing C. write D. to write9. _ a boy of ten, he started working to support himself.A. Being B. When still C. Because of D. While10. It is worth much_ is worth doing.A. doing it B. what to do C. do what D. to do what11. There is always the chance _ the weak _ the strong.A. of, defeating B. about, defeating C. of, winning D. of, to defeat12. She is looking forward as much to his return as he himself to _ her.A. have seen B. seeing C. see D. be seen13. There are ten waiting rooms at the newly-built station, _ in all 20,000 people.A. seating B. seated C. sitting D. to seating14. “ If ,” he added, “ _ enough time, I would certainly have done it better.”A. to give B. I was given C. given D. to be given15. - Cant you take a few days off from work to go with me to New York?- Sure. _ my way and I will be glad to.A. Pay B. If you pay C. To pay D. Paying16. _ the answer, Tom, who asked the question, still stood with his hand _.A. Giving; raised B. Given; raised C. Given; risen D. Giving; rising17.- Shall we go swimming?- Ok, Ill just go and get _.A. to change B. myself changed C. changed D. to be changed18. - Would you do me a favor?- I regret _ I am busy just now.A. to say B. saying C. having said D. to have said19. I have no one _ me, for I am a new comer here.A. help B. helping C. to help D. to have helped20. The building _ in our school is for us teachers. Though theres noise most of the day, we still feel happy about it.A. built B. having been built C. to be built D. being built21. Theres _ what the weather will be like tomorrow.A. no knowing B. not known C. not knowing D. no known22. - You _ part in the party on time.- Sorry, I was delay by the accident.A. are to take B. have supposed to take C. were to have taken D. supposed to take23. _ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountai