第四章(b)分词.doc

分词.1基本用法分词的基本形式主动形式被动形式 现在时doingbeing done 过去时done完成时having donehaving been done分词的句法作用：分词具有形容词和副词的作用，因而在句中可以做表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语，分词也可以和它自己带的宾语或状语一起构成分词短语。（1） 做定语：单个分词做定语常位于被修饰词之前，分词短语做定语，总位于修饰词之后。时态上：the developing countries the developed countries语态上：The first text-books written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.Do you know the boy lying under the big tree?注意：The question discussed/ being discussed/ to be discussed at the meeting is quite confidential.此句当中过去分词做定语表示完成、被动；现在分词(被动语态)做定语表示进行、被动；动词不定式的被动式(被动语态)做定语表示将来、被动。（2）做宾语补足语：当现在分词用作宾语补足语时，其动作与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系，与谓语动作同时进行：如果为过去分词，则表示被动关系，其动作先于谓语动作发生。可以用分词做宾补的动词有see, watch, hear, find, notice, have, make等。The next morning she found the man lying in bed, dead.The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself heard.Did you notice his hands shaking?He had some pictures taken in the park.注意：现在分词做宾补表示动作正在进行，动词不定式做宾补表示动作的全过程。Do you hear someone knocking at the door?Yes, I heard him knock three times.做状语：分词和分词短语做状语可以表示时间、伴随、条件、原因、结果等，可以放在句首或句末，通常用逗号和主句隔开。Entering the room, I found the tape-recorder stolen.Having finished the letter, I went to the post officeWhen heated, ice changes into water.Not knowing his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill.Buried deep down in the earth, the dead forests rotted away and became coal.Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.They came into the classroom, singing and laughing.（3）做表语：现在分词做表语，一般表示主动或主语的性质和特征，含有“令人-”的意思，主语多数情况下是物。过去分词做表语一般表示被动或主语的状态，含有“感到-”的意思，主语多数情况下是人。The book is very interesting.His father seems pleased with his results.分词的时态和语态（1） 一般式：分词表示的动作和谓语动作同时发生。Finding the door locked, Mary went home right away.Compared with her achievements, her shortcomings are, after all, only secondary.（2） 完成式：所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前。Having answered the letter, she went on to listen to the radio.Not having met him, I can not tell you what he is like.（3） 被动式。Being surrounded, the enemy troops were forced to surrender.Not being seen by anyone, he escaped.Having been told to stay in Beijing, the boy decided not to return to his village.分词的复合结构（分词的独立主格）分词短语在句中做状语，一般没有自己的主语，句的主语通常就是分词短语的逻辑主语，但有时分词短语也有自己的主语，由名词或代词表示，放在分词短语之前，它们之间有着逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构就是分词的复合结构，也称为分词的独立主格。分词的复合结构主要有以下形式：（1） 分词逻辑主语+分词The meeting being over, we all left the room and drove home.Weather permitting, they will go and visit the zoo.She looked at her father, tears rolling down her cheeks.He lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head.（2） with(without) +分词逻辑主语+分词The murder was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.With Mr. Wang taking the lead, they decided to set up a trading company.。 （一）：独立主格结构的构成： 名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词； somanydirectors_，theboardmeetinghadtobeputoff a）wereabsentb）beenabsentc）hadbeenabsentd）beingabsentdthepresidentassassinated,thewholecountrywasindeepsorrow. =afterthepresidentwasassassinated,thewholecountrywasindeepsorrow.名词(代词)+形容词； handsredwiththecold，theyweresweepingthesnowoutdoors名词(代词)+副词； classover，allstudentswenttoplayontheplayground名词(代词)+不定式； ifthebuildingproject _bytheendofthismonthisdelayed，theconstructioncompanywillbefined a）tobecompletedb）iscompletedc）beingcompleted d）completea名词(代词)+介词短语构成bookinhand，theteacherofEnglishwalkedintotheclassroom。名词或主格代词名词hisfirstshotfailure，hefiredagain（二）独立主格结构的特点： 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。 with的复合结构作独立主格 表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用with的复合结构。 with+名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语 举例:hestoodthere,hishandraised. =hestoodthere,withhishandraised. 典型例题 themurderwasbroughtin,withhishands_behindhisback。 a.beingtiedb.havingtiedc.tobetiedd.tied 答案d.with+名词（代词）+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时，其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词手与分词绑是被动关系，因此用过去分词，选d. 注意: 1)独立主格结构使用介词的问题： 当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分（如物主代词或冠词），也不用复数。但with的复合结构不受此限制 arobberburstintotheroom,knifeinhand. (hand前不能加his)。 2)当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时，及物动词用现在分词，不及物动词用过去分词。 helaythere,histeethset,hishandclenched,hiseyeslookingstraightup. 典型例题： weather_,wellgooutforawalk. apermittedbpermittingcpermitsdforpermitting答案b.本题中没有连词，它不是复合句，也不是并列句。句中使用了逗号，且we小写，可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构。据此判断，本句中使用的是独立结构，其结构为：名词+分词。由于permit在这里翻译为天气允许，表主动，应用现在分词，故选b。历年真题分词在句中的作用 She was sitting in an armchair a book.（95）A. readingB. to readC. to be readingD. to have readKey: a anything about the accident, he went to work as well.(2000)A. Not knowB. Know notC. Knowing notD. Not knowingKey: dThey all returned to the village that the danger was over.(97)A. convincingB. convincedC. to convinceD. having convincedKey； bWe kept our all night to frighten the wolves.（97）A. burning fireB. burnt fireC. fire burningD. fire burntKey: c under a microscope, a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed shape.(2003)A. SeeingB. SeenC. To seeD. To be seenKey : bJohn, the bet, had to pay for the dinner.(2004)A. lostB. having lost C. losingD. having lossKey： b, we decided to leave at once, as we didnt want to risk missing the bus.(2004)A. As it being pretty lateB. It being pretty lateC. It was being pretty late D. Being pretty lateKey bPierre often makes himself by gesturing with his hands.(2004)A. to understandB. understandingC. to be understoodD. understoodKey: d现在分词和过去分词的区别She told me that it was the most gift her daughter had received.(2003)A. delightingB. delightedC. delightsD. delightKey aMy parents are with my progress.(2003)A. pleaseB. pleasedC. pleasingD. being pleasedKey bIf you try to learn too many things at a time you may get confusing.(2004) A B C DKey DMara Dona will face a possible prison term if finding guilty on the shooting charges.(2004) A B C DKey c现在分词的被动式和过去分词的区别The interviewer should take down notes at the moment the person answers the questions.(97)A. to be interviewed B. interviewingC. being interviewedD. interviewedKey cStanding on the bank, the children watched the ship with all kinds of goods.(2000)A. loading B. being loadedC. loadedD. having loadedKey b分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语是否一致Arriving at the bus stop, waiting there.(96)A. he found a lot of peopleB. a lot of people wereC. he found a lot of peoplesD. people were foundKey a tired after a hard work, she fell into bed and went straight to sleep.(98)A. FeltB. FeelingC. Being feltD. To feelKey bComparing with the weather of last winter, it is much milder and more pleasant this winter. (2004) A B C DKey a分词的独立主格：The plane crashed, its bombs as it hit the ground. (99)A. explodedB. were explodedC. explodingD. were explodingKey cClasses , the students left for home without delay.(2004)A. were over B. being overC. are over D. overKey; bWith(without) 引导的分词独立结构He walked across the meeting room， everyone looking at her(1.997)A. withB. as C. whileD. whenKey aWith the old man the way, we had no trouble in finding that mysterious cave.(2000)A. leadingB. led C. leadD. to be ledKey aWith the flowers everywhere, the park looks beautiful.(2004)A. to bloom B. bloomingC. be bloomingD. to be bloomingKey b精选试题1. There are many kinds of metals, .A. each having its special propertiesB. having its special propertiesC. one has its special propertiesD. each has its special properties2. He remembered to the zoo by his father when he was little.A. being takenB. taking C. have been takenD. to have taken3. The team really looks good tonight because the coach had them every night this week.A. practiceB. to practiceC. practicedD. practicing4. in the air, fuels give off heat.A. To burnB. BurnedC. To be burnedD. Being burned5. from space, our earth, with water covering 70% of its surface, appears as a “blue planet”.A. SeenB. SeeingC. To be seenD. Having seen1-5AAABA6. Nobody can be set in motion without a force on it.A. act B. to actC. actingD. acted7. He has already made up his mind. Its no use him.A. try to persuadeB. trying to persuadeC. to try to persuadeD. to try persuading8. It is much easier to talk about social change than .A. to bring it aboutB. to bring it onC. to bring it upD. to bring it out9. There may be, somewhere outside the solar system, intelligent life messages to us.A. sendsB. sentC. sendingD. has sent10. Beijing is now busy the Olympic games which is to be held in the year 2008.A. preparing for B. prepared forC. to prepare for D. prepare for6-10 CBACA11. The scientist didnt mind and went on with his investigation.A. laughing atB. to be laughed atC. being laughed atD. laughed at12. Mr. Baker sent his son to the doctor an X-ray check.A. gives B. to giveC. being givenD. to be given13. Mother warned the electric lamp.A. not to touchB. him not to touchC. him not touchingD. him not touch14. is one of good properties of this metal.A. Light in weightB. Having been light in weightC. Be light in weightD. Being light in weight15. He gave no opinion about the matter because he didnt want to risk in it.A. to involveB. being involved C. to be involved D. involving11-15 CdBDB16. With tears on her face, the old lady watched the little boy to a hospital.A. sendB. to be sentC. being sentD. sending17. the book again, she discovered that she had missed a lot in her first reading.A. While readingB. When readC. As readingD. In reading18. Your experiment reports must be checked with care before .A. handed them inB. them handing inC. being handed inD. handing them in19. Mr. and Mrs. Smith didnt expect the house so well.A. to be decoratedB. to decorateC. be decoratedD. decorating20. She was sitting in an armchair a book.A. readingB. to readC. to be readingD. to have read16-20 CACAA21. While he was climbing the high mountain, he had his leg .A. brokeB. breakC. brokenD. breaking22. John suggested anything about it until they found out more facts.A. not to sayB. saying notC. to say notD. not saying23. You dont object you by your first name, do you?A. for me to callB. me to callC. to my callingD. my calling24. Helen apologized for to attend the party.A. her not being ableB. her being not ableC. her to be not ableD. her not to be able25. We were delighted to find the trees planted a year before very tall.A. growingB. being grownC. having been growingD. grown21-25 CDCAA26. They sent us their statement, to get our support.A. hopedB. to hopeC. hopingD. having hoped27. Arriving at the bus stop, waiting there.A. he found a lot of peopleB. a lot of people wereC. he found a lot of peoplesD. people were found28. Tom said that he wouldnt mind .A. to wait for usB. waiting for usC. wait for usD. for waiting us29. Encouragement through praise is the most effective method of getting people their best.A. do B. to do C. doing D. done30. I enjoy playing basketball and then .A. taking a bathB. to take a bathC. take a bathD. took a bath31. There is no hurry. You can take your time those exercises.A. doing B. to do C. doneD. to be doing32. The interviewer should take down notes at the moment the person answers the questions.A. to be interviewedB. interviewing C. being interviewedD. interviewed33. “Car 17 won the race.” “Yes, but its driver came close to killed.A. being B. having beenC. be D. have been34. I dont think it is any use this matter any further.A. discussingB. to discussC. to discussingD. to be discussed35. Judging from his manners at the party, he doesnt seem much education.A. to receiveB. to be receivingC. to have receivedD. to have been received36. You ought to know better than yourself in unnecessary expense.A. to involveB. involveC. involvingD. involved37. I hope you dont mind me you sir, but is there much money involved in the will?A. asking B. to askC. askD. that I ask38. We kept our all night to frighten the wolves.A. bunting fireB. burnt fireC. fire burningD. fire burnt39. They all returned to the village that the danger was over.A. convincing B. convincedC. to convinceD. having convinced40. He forgot about him to attend my wifes birthday party.A. I asking B. my asking C. me to askD. mine to ask41. We shall appreciate from you soon.A. being heardB. hearingC. to hearD. having been heard42. tired after a hard work, she fell into bed and went straight to sleep.A. FeltB. FeelingC. Being feltD. To feel43. “Good-bye, Mr. Wang. Im pleased you.”A. to meetB. meetingC. to have been meetingD. to be met44. Television makes us better than ever before.A. informB. informingC. informedD. to be informed45. The old man walked slowly, stopping frequently .A. on restB. at restC. restingD. to rest46. Im far from with what you have done.A. pleasedB. pleasingC. pleasureD. please47. The ability is very important for any speaker.A. to hear clearlyB. to be clearly heardC. to hearing clearlyD. to being clearly heard48. Dr. Robert went to New York, bought some books and .A. visiting his daughterB. to visit his daughterC. visit his daughter D. visited his daughter49. The plane crashed, its bombs as it hit the ground.A. explodedB. were explodedC. explodingD. were exploding50. The magnificent museum is said about a hundred years ago.A. to be builtB. to have been builtC. to have builtD. to have being built51. Dont risk the job which so many people want.A. losingB. to loseC. lost D. your life to lose52. Mary regretted to Johns birthday party last Sunday.A. not goingB. not to goC. not having been goingD. not to be going53. The famous novel is said into Chinese.A. to have translatedB. to be translateC. to have been translatedD. to translate54. Standing on the bank, the children watched the ship with all kinds of goods.A. loadingB. being loadedC. to be loadedD. having loaded55. With the old man the way, we had no trouble in finding that mysterious cave.A. leadingB. ledC. leadD. to be led56. anything about the accident, he went to work as well.A. Not knowB. Know notC. Knowing not D. not knowing57. My room is a mess. It needs .A. to be tidying upB. tidying upC. to tidy upD. tidied up58. The teacher has his students a composition every other week.A. to writeB. writtenC. writing D. write59. The middle-aged man was seen out of the house on the afternoon of the murder.A. cameB. comeC. to comeD. have come60. Dont forget the window before leaving the room.A. to have closedB. to closeC. having closedD. closing61. You had better a doctor as soon as possible.A. seeingB. sawC. seeD. seen62. The old man is used to early in the morning.A. exerciseB. exercising C. exercisedD. exercises63. The fisherman, poor, could not buy another boat.A. isB. wasC. beingD. been64. Three people, , were injured in the accident.A. including a childB. include a childC. included a childD. includes a child65. I spent half an hour this difficult math problem.A. having worked onB. to work onC. on workD. working on66. The medicine can prevent you .A. from getting drunkB. got drunkC. get drunkD. being drunk67. I have taken many photos. Im going to get the film .A. being developedB. developingC. developedD. to be developed68. He suggested a lecture given by Professor White on English language learning.A. me to attendB. my attendingC. my attentionD. me attending69. “Good-bye, Miss Liu. Im very pleased .”A. to meet youB. to have met youC. meeting youD. having met you70. We are going to have our office to make room for a new engineer.A. to rearrangeB. rearrangeC. rearrangedD. rearranging71. The manager has his employees a business report every week.A. to write B. writtenC. writingD. write72. We shall ask for samples and then we can make our decision.A. to be sentB. being sentC. to sentD. to have been sent73. under a microscope, a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed shape.A. SeeingB. SeenC. To seeD. To be seen74. We look forward to to the opening ceremony.A. inviteB. be invitedC. having been invitedD. being invited75. Excuse me, but