【优化方案】（广东专用）高中英语 电子题库 单元综合检测（五） 新人教版必修5.doc

单元综合检测(五).语言知识及应用(共两节，满分45分)第一节完形填空(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从115各题所给的a、b、c和d项中，选出最佳选项。when i first entered university, my aunt, who is an english professor，gave me a new english dictionary.i was _1_to see that it was an englishenglish dictionary，also known as a monolingual dictionary._2_it was a dictionary intended for nonnative learners, none of my classmates had one and, to be honest，i found it extremely _3_to use at first.i would look up words in the dictionary and still not fully understand the meaning.i was used to the _4_bilingual dictionaries，in which the words are _5_both in english and chinese.i really wondered why my aunt _6_to make things so difficult for me.now，after studying english at university for three years，i _7_that monolingual dictionaries are _8_in learning a foreign language.as i found out, there is in fact often no perfect equivalence (对应) between two _9_in two languages.my aunt even went so far as to _10_that a chinese “equivalent” can never give you the _11_meaning of a word in english! therefore, she insisted that i read the definition (定义) of a word in a monolingual dictionary when i wanted to get a better understanding of its meaning._12_，i have come to see what she meant.using a monolingual dictionary for learners has helped me in another important way.this dictionary uses a (n) _13_number of words，around 2,000，in its definitions.when i read these definitions，i am _14_exposed to (接触) the basic words and learn how they are used to explain objects and ideas._15_this, i can express myself more easily in english.1a.worriedbsadcsurprised dnervous解析：选c。通读全文可知，作者是一个中国大学生，中国人学英语，尤其是初学者习惯使用英汉词典。当作者看到英英词典的时候，他感到“吃惊”。2a.because balthoughcunless dif解析：选b。前后两句在意义上是让步关系，所以用although引导让步状语从句。而a项because引导原因状语从句；unless和if引导条件状语从句。3a.difficult binterestingcadvanced dpractical解析：选a。最初用英英词典，不习惯，所以作者感觉用起来“很难(difficult)”。interesting是“有趣味的”意思，根据下文not fully understand the meaning不可能是这个答案；advanced是“高级的，先进的”；practical是“实用的”，这两个词也不符合语境。4a.new bfamiliarcearly dordinary解析：选b。be used to表示“习惯”，对作者来说习惯了双语词典，或者说是英汉词典。这里指双语词典的使用对他来说是熟悉(familiar)的。5a.explained bexpressedcdescribed dcreated解析：选a。此句是一个in which引导的定语从句，其中words是主语，根据常识在词典中单词的意思是被“解释出来”的，所以用explained。6a.offered bagreedcdecided dhappened解析：选c。我真想知道我姑妈为什么决定这么为难我。其他三个词虽然都跟动词不定式，但是在这里意思都不恰当。7a.imagine brecommendcpredict dunderstand解析：选d。过去不理解，经过在大学学习英语三年后，明白了(understand)。imagine是“想像”的意思；recommend是“推荐”的意思；predict是“预测”的意思；这三项均不符合语境。8a.natural bbetterceasier dconvenient解析：选b。结合上下文，此句中monolingual dictionaries和 bilingual dictionaries比较，a和d项没用比较级，better强调更好，更实用，而easier为更容易，与语境不符。9a.words bnamescideas dcharacters解析：选a。词典上重点的内容应该是单词。10a.hope bdeclarecdoubt dtell解析：选b。我姑妈甚至还声称汉语意思决不能给出一个英语单词的确切意思。11a.exact bbasiccpopular dextreme解析：选a。前面的a chinese “equivalent”和the _11_ meaning of a word in english对应，所表达的应是对应不准确的问题，所以用exact。12a.largely bgenerallycgradually dprobably解析：选c。该句的谓语have come to see是表示“变化过程”，所以用gradually表示“渐渐地”。13a.extra baveragectotal dlimited解析：选d。从后面的around 2,000可知词典中用于解释词义的词是限制在2000左右。14a.repeatedly bnearlycimmediately danxiously解析：选a。在有限的范围内，查阅、阅读释义的话，就会反复接触基本词汇，学会这些词汇怎样用来解释事物和观点，所以用repeatedly表示“反复地，经常地”。15a.according to bin relation tocin addition to dbecause of解析：选d。后面主句部分i can express myself more easily in english.表达的是结果，此处表达的应该是原因，说明使用这种词典所带来的好处。第二节语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。night after night, she came to tuck me in, even long after my childhood years.16._(follow) her longstanding custom，shed lean down and push my long hair out of the way，then kiss my forehead.i dont remember 17._it first started annoying meher hands pushing my hair that way.finally, one night，i shouted out at her，“dont do that anymoreyour hands are too rough！” she didnt say 18._in reply.but never again 19._my mother close out my day 20._that familiar expression of her love.time after time, with the passing years, my 21._(think) returned to that night.by then i missed my mothers handsmissed her goodnight kiss on my forehead.now those hands i once thought to be so rough were still doing things for me and my family.i frequently recalled the night my young voice complained.one night，catching moms hand in hand, i blurted out how sorry i was for that night.i thought shed remember 22._i did.but mom didnt know what i 23._(talk) about.she had forgottenand forgivenlong ago.that night, i fell asleep with a new 24._(appreciate) for my gentle mother and 25._caring hands.and the guilt that i had carried around for so long was nowhere to be found.16解析：因逻辑主语she与follow是主动关系，用现在分词短语作状语，故填following。答案：following17解析：引导宾语从句，表示时间，用连接副词when。句意：我不记得母亲最初是什么时候开始用手拨弄我的头发了。答案：when18解析：母亲什么也没回答，在否定句中，用anything。答案：anything19解析：因否定词never置于句首时，要用部分倒装，是一般过去时，填助动词did。答案：did20解析：意思是“用她那熟悉的爱的表达方式”，表示“用”，填介词with。答案：with21解析：由形容词性物主代词my可知，该空应填名词；另外thought用复数形式，表示“记忆，心思”。答案：thoughts22解析：作者认为母亲会像她自己记得的那样，也记得那件事。表示“与一样”，填连词as。答案：as23解析：妈妈不知道我在谈论什么，用过去进行时，填was talking。答案：was talking24解析：不定冠词a后应接名词，故填appreciation。答案：appreciation25解析：指母亲体贴的双手。答案：her.阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a、b、c和d项中，选出最佳选项。amany people catch a cold in the springtime or fall.it makes us wonder.if scientists can send a man to the moon，why cant they find a cure for the common cold.the answer is easy.there are literally hundreds of kinds cold viruses out there.you never know which one you will get，so there isnt a cure for each one.when a virus attacks your body，your body works hard to get rid of it.blood rushes to your nose and brings congestion(充血) with it.you feel terrible because you cant breathe well，but your body is actually “eating” the virus.your temperature rises and you get a fever，but the heat of your body is killing the virus.you also have a runny nose to stop the virus from getting to your cells.you may feel miserable，but actually your wonderful body is doing everything it can to kill the cold.different people have different remedies for colds.in the united states and some other countries，for example，people might eat chicken soup to feel better.some people take hot baths and drink warm liquids.other people take medicines to stop the fever，congestion，and runny nose.there is one interesting thing to notesome scientists say taking medicines when you have a cold is actually bad for you.the virus stays in you longer because your body doesnt have a way to fight it and kill it.bodies can do an amazing job on their own.there is a joke，however，on taking medicine when you have a cold.it goes like this：it takes about 1 week to get over a cold if you dont take medicine，but only 7 days to get over a cold if you take medicine.26why the scientists who can send a man to the moon but cant find a cure for the common cold？because_.athe scientists find the cold is more difficult to deal with than sending a man to the moonbthere are too many flu viruses and one cant decide which kind of viruses he gets cthere cant be a cure for each of the cold virusesdthe way of curing a common cold is so easy that the scientists dont bother to find it解析：选b。细节理解题。根据第一段的 “there are literally hundreds of kinds cold viruses out there.you never know which one you will get，so there isnt a cure for each one.”可知，因为感冒病毒的种类太多，所以很难找到每一种病毒的治疗方法。27when one is having a cold，his body maybe will do the following to “eating” the virus except _.ablood rushing to his nose brunning a fever chaving a running nosedbeing breathless解析：选d。细节理解题。根据第二段的第2句话可知，a项正确。根据第二段的第4句话可知b项正确；根据第二段的第5句话可知c项正确；而d项说“喘不过气来；气喘吁吁”不符合原文。28from the passage，we can learn that _.aall the scientists agree with curing the cold by the body itself instead of taking the medicine bthere is not any use in taking the medicine when one catches the cold csome scientists think taking medicine will make the viruses stay longer in our bodiesda patient in california suffering a cold takes a cold bath cure it解析：选c。细节理解题。根据文中第四段的1句话和第2句话可知，c项正确；仅仅是有些科学家反对药物治疗；故a项是错误的。药物治疗并非一点用处也没有，故b项所述为干扰项；根据第三段的内容可知，美国或其他一些国家的人们感冒后会洗热水澡，而不是冷水澡；故d项不对。29what can we infer from the last paragraph?athe viruses will stay in the body for a longer time if the patients dont take medicine.btaking medicine costs as long as not taking it in curing a cold.cit will cost the patient less time to cure the cold taking medicine.dthe joke on taking the medicine shows that taking medicine costs longer than not taking it in curing a cold.解析：选d。推理判断题。由本段最后1句话的笑话“it takes about 1 week to get over a cold if you dont take medicine，but only 7 days to get over a cold if you take medicine.”以及本段中的第2句话可知，对于治疗感冒来说吃药花费的时间更长久。30the underlined word in the third paragraph probably means _.aways of cooking bdiet habitsctreatment methods dcuring means解析：选c。词义猜测题。下文是叙述不同的人采取的治疗感冒的方式；故此处的 remedies应该是“治疗方式”。bafter giving birth to her son last year，sarah mann，a mother in santa barbara，calif，became one of an increasing number of women in the united states choosing to breastfeed(母乳喂养) her children.“it seemed natural to me，” mann,29，said.“the main thing is that its good for him that was my greatest motivation.” but what mann didnt know was breast milk considered the best source of nutrition for babies is low in vitamin dthe american academy of pediatrics (aap) recommends all children，including infants，get 400 international units (iu) of vitamin d per day，an amount that is not possible to get from breast milk alone，experts say.and while people can also get vitamin d from sunlight，the aap advises that infants younger than six months avoid exposure to direct sunlight due to skin cancer risk.so whats a mom to do? the aap recommends vitamin d supplements be given to breastfed babies shortly after birth.however，manns pediatrician(儿科医师) never brought this up，and she didnt come across it in any of the materials she read.“i didnt even know that that was something we should be doing，” she said.mann is not exclusive.only about 5 percent to 13 percent of breastfed babies received vitamin d supplements between 2005 and 2007，according to a study published in april.these low numbers might stem from the misunderstanding that breast milk contains everything the baby needs，experts say.“i think that the opinion that breast is best leaves people just giving the breast milk and thinking that there isnt anything else that the breast milk might be missing，” said dr.joyce lee，a pediatric endocrinologist(内分泌专家)and recent surveys indicate less than half of pediatricians are recommending vitamin d supplements to breastfed babies，another possible reason for the low numbers.31what can we learn from the passage?amore and more women in the world prefer to the breastfeeding their children.bactually breast milk contains all the nutrition that a child needs.cthe breast milk is lacking of vitamin d，which is not known by most mothers.dthe infants can get directly the vitamin d from the sunlight without any damage to their health.解析：选c。细节理解题。根据文中第三段的第1句话“but what mann didnt know was breast milk considered the best source of nutrition for babies is low in vitamin d”可知，母乳中维生素d的含量很低，这一点，mann并不知道；故c项正确。32which of the following descriptions fits sarah mann?amanns pediatrician ever put forward a piece of advice on supplementing vitamin d.bmann is not the only one of the mothers who dont know the breast milk lacks vitamin d.cmann has ever read some material about the lacking of vitamin d in breast milk.dwhen her son was born，mann was twentynine.解析：选b。细节理解题。b项所述与文中第六段的第1、2句话的内容可知“与mann类似的妈妈还有很多”。 33why is there a very low number of children receiving the vitamin d supplement? because _.avitamin d is of little importance to the childrenbthe breast milk might not be missing anything else because “breast milk is the best”cmothers wrong opinion of “breast is best ” and less than half of the doctors recommending vitamin d supplements possibly cause itdthe parents dont realize the importance of the vitamin d解析：选c。推理判断题。根据文中最后二段的叙述可知，导致“很少数量的儿童补充维生素d是因为妈妈们对母乳的错误认识以及很少有儿科医生会这样推荐”。34the underlined word in the passage possibly means_.asatisfied bshockedcalone daccompanied解析：选c。词义猜测题。下文提到“只有5%13%的儿童接受维生素d的补充 ”，故此处的exclusive是“单独的；唯一的”意思35what is the main idea of the passage?abreastfeedings disadvantages and advantages.bsupplementing vitamin d to breastfed children.cways of feeding children.dthe experts suggestions on feeding children.解析：选b。主旨大意题。根据全文内容来看，本文主要讲述要为母乳喂养的孩子补充维生素d。本文未提及母乳喂养的优缺点；仅是提到母乳中缺少维生素d；故a项错误；c、d两项意义均过于空乏，不符合原文内容。cyoure rushing to work and a man ahead of you collapses on the sidewalk.do you stop to help? in a study of bystanders，it was found that some people avert their gaze and keep on walking rather than stop and get involved. “there is a tendency to decide that no action is needed.”says a psychologist.“the first thoughts that pop into your mind often keep you from offering help.in order to take action，you have to work against them.” here are some common thoughts that might prevent you from helping. why should i be the one? im probably not the most competent (有能力的) person in this crowd.you might think someone older or with more medical knowledge should offer assistance. what if he doesnt really need my help? the fear of embarrassment is powerful；no one wants to risk looking foolish in front of others. no one else looks concernedthis must not be a problem.we can follow the people around us，but most people tend to hold back their emotions in public. “if you spot trouble and find yourself explaining inaction，force yourself to stop and evaluate the situation instead of walking on，” says the psychologist.“then retry to involve other people；you dont have to take on the entire responsibility of being helpful.sometimes its just a matter of turning to the person next to you and saying，it looks like we should do something.or asking someone if an ambulance has been called and，if not，to call for one.once you take action，most people will follow you.”36which is not the common thought that stops you from helping others? aim not the very person capable of settling the problem. bit looks like we should do something.cit must not be a problem as no one else is concerned. dhe doesnt really need my help.解析：选b。细节理解题。根据im probably not the most competent (有能力的) person in this crowd.判断a项是一种想法；根据no one else looks concernedthis must not be a problem.判断c项也是一种想法；根据what if he doesnt really need my help？判断d项还是一种想法，故答案为b。37according to a study of bystanders，what will some people do when a man ahead falls down on the sidewalk? athey will call for help and then walk away. bthey will stop and offer help. cthey will turn away their eyes and go on walking. dthey will laugh at him.解析：选c。细节理解题。由第一段中的.it was found that some people avert their gaze and keep on walking rather than stop and get involved.可知c项正确。38we learn from the last paragraph that if we spot trouble，_. awe should call the ambulance as soon as we can bwe should take on the whole responsibility and do something alone cwe should stop and evaluate the situation and try to make other people follow dwe should turn to other people and ask them to take on the responsibility解析：选c。细节理解题。根据最后一段中心理学家说的话可知，当我们遇到这种情况时，我们应该停下来，分析情况并尽量使其他人也这样做，故答案为c。39in order to offer others your timely help，you need to_. aask others for help and call the police bget along well with the passersby who spot the trouble cgo directly to the police station dwork against the first thoughts that prevent you offering help解析：选d。推理判断题。根据第二段中心理学家说的话可知，要想帮助别人，我们就需要打消自己最初的不帮助别人的想法。40the main purpose of the text is to tell readers_. ato give others a hand bto be more competent cnot to risk looking foolish dto stop and evaluate the situation解析：选a。文章意图推断题。本文通过分析人们不去帮助急需救助的人的现象，告诉人们应该如何应对这种问题，以便能够及时帮助别人，所以a项正确。dour house was directly across the street from the clinic entrance of john hopkins hospital in baltimore.we lived downstairs and rented the upstairs rooms to outpatients at the clinic.one summer evening as i was fixing supper，there was a knock at the door.i opened it to see a truly awful looking manno taller than my eightyearoldi thought as i stared at the shriveled (皱缩的) body.but the shocking thing was his facetwisted from swelling.he told me hed been hunting for a room since noon but with no success.“i guess its my face.，but my doctor says with a few more treatments.” i told him we would find him a bed.when i had finished the dishes，he told me he fished for a living to support his daughter，her five children，and her husband，who was hopelessly disabled from a back injury.he didnt tell it by way of complaint；in fact，every other sentence began with a thanks to god for a blessing.he was grateful that no pain accompanied his disease，which was apparently a form of skin cancer. the next morning before he left for his bus，he asked if he could come back and stay the next time he had a treatment.i told him he was welcome to come again. in the years he came to stay overnight with us，there was never a time that he did not bring us fish or oysters or vegetables from his garden. when i received these little gifts，i often thought of a comment our nextdoor neighbor made after h