月球陨石欣赏.doc

转载月球陨石欣赏其他特殊岩性在月球风化层是玻璃球体 。 Glass spherules are formed in two ways. 玻璃球体形成两种方式。 Some are formed when a meteorite impact melts material, the melt is ejected from a crater, and small globs of the melt solidify before they land. 有些是形成一个陨石撞击熔化材料时，熔体从火山口喷出，融化的小水珠，巩固他们的土地 。 Such melt bombs are usually spherical and range in size from much less than a millimeter to about a centimeter. 这种融化炸弹通常是球形的大小和范围比约一厘米毫米少得多。 Other glassy spherules derive from magma that is violently erupted from volcanoes - a fire fountain. 其他玻璃状球体来自岩浆从火山猛烈爆发- “火喷泉”。 On Earth, wed call such material volcanic ash. 在地球上，我们会打电话等材料的火山灰 。 On the Moon, its usually called pyroclastic glass. 在月球上，它通常被称为火山碎屑玻璃。 In both cases, molten rock cools and solidifies above the Moons surface, leading to glassy spherules. 在这两种情况下，熔岩冷却和巩固了在月球表面上方，导致玻璃状球体。The reason agglutinates and glass spherules are special is that both lithologies can only be produced at or above the Moons surface. 烧结和玻璃小球是特殊的原因是，都岩性只能在月球表面或以上生产 。一个岩相薄片阿波罗16月壤角砾岩60016的照片 。 The longest dimension is 16 mm. 最长的尺寸是16毫米。 A few glass spherules and are evident. 几个玻璃球粒和是显而易见的。 Agglutinates are hard to find in regolith breccuas and there may be none in this section. 烧结是很难找到壤breccuas的，并有可能成为在本节中没有。除了 陨石撞击双双突破岩和胶的岩石碎片重新结合在一起。 During impacts of meteorites that form craters of hundreds of meters in diameter or larger, the material just below the point of impact melts and some even vaporizes. 在影响，形成几百米直径或更大的陨石坑的陨石，撞击点正下方的材料融化，有的甚至汽化 。 Material that is deeper may just shatter in place, creating rock fragments. 可能只是动摇材料，是更深的地方，创造岩石碎片。 When the shock wave associated with the impact passes through fine grained surface material, the material can be compressed into a rock, something like making a snowball by squeezing snow in your hands. 当冲击波影响的推移，通过细粒度的表面材料的物质可以被压缩成岩石，像滚雪球挤压雪在你的手中的东西 。 If the resulting rock contains glass spherules or agglutinates, it is called a regolith breccia . 如果所产生的岩石中含有玻璃小球或烧结，它被称为月壤角砾岩。 If it consistent only of fragmental material with no glass spherules or agglutinates, it is called a fragmental breccia . 如果保持一致，只与没有玻璃小球或烧结的破碎材料，它被称为破碎角砾岩。 Regolith breccias consist of fine-grained material from the upper few meters of the Moon; fragmental breccias consist of material that was deeper. 壤角砾岩组成的细粒物质，从月球上几米;是更深层次的材料的破碎角砾岩组成。 Some regolith breccias are partially melted, but many show little sign of melting, except perhaps at sharp grain boundaries. 一些壤角砾岩部分融化，但很多显示融化的迹象，也许在尖锐的晶界除外 。月球陨石NWA的2995是一个破碎的角砾岩 。 (We are looking at a sawn face.) Again, note that the clasts are shades of gray, not colored. （我们在找一个锯面）。再次，要注意的碎屑是深浅不一的灰色，不着色 。 Also, there are several different kinds (colors and textures) of clasts, which we would expect in a lunar regolith or fragmental breccia considering the diversity of rocks in the Apollo 11 regolith sample, above. 此外，还有几种不同类型（颜色和纹理）的碎屑，我们希望在月球风化层或破碎角砾岩考虑岩石在阿波罗11号的月壤样品的多样性，以上 。 In contrast, many terrestrial breccias (angular clasts), conglomerates (rounded clasts), and basalts (igneous) consist of clasts or phenocrysts of a single rock or mineral type (see meteorwrong numbers 086 , 102 , 196 , and 216 .) In lunar breccias, it is common to see clasts that are themselves breccias - breccias within breccias. 与此相反，许多地面角砾（角砾），集团（四舍五入碎屑），玄武岩（火成岩）包括在月球的一个单一的岩石或矿物类型的碎屑或斑晶（见meteorwrong 号码 086 ， 102 ， 196 和 216） 。看到自己角砾岩- “碎屑角砾岩，这是常见的内角砾岩角砾岩” In this photo, there is a gray breccia containing white clasts on the right. 在这张照片中，有一个灰色的角砾岩，含在右边的白色碎屑。 Notice that there is no preferred orientation of the clasts. 请注意，有没有碎屑的首选方向 。 In terrestrial sedimentary rocks, clasts often are aligned in the same direction because the Earth has more gravity than the Moon. 在陆相沉积岩石，碎屑往往是一致的在同一个方向，因为地球比月球的重力。 The clasts are not rounded. 不圆的碎屑。 In terrestrial sedimentary rocks, clasts are often rounded because the pebbles from which they form were rounded by abrasion against each other in water or ice before they were cemented into a new rock. 在陆相沉积岩石，碎屑通常舍入水或冰，因为从他们形成的鹅卵石圆润由磨损对对方才到一个新的岩石胶结 。 (See meteorwrong number 124 .) Note also that aspect ratio (length to width) is short, almost always less than 3. （见meteorwrong数124 ）另请注意，纵横比（长度与宽度）是短暂的，几乎总是少于3。 Elongated clasts and phenocrysts are more typical of terrestrial rocks (eg, meteorwrong number 细长的碎屑和斑晶是较为典型的陆地岩石的（例如， meteorwrong数 148 ). 148 ）。 In most, but not all, lunar regolith and fragmental breccias, the matrix is darker than the clasts. (Photo by Randy Korotev) 在大多数，但不是全部，月球风化层和碎屑角砾岩，矩阵比的碎屑暗（兰迪Korotev摄）It is a fascinating and curious observation that many lunar meteorites are regolith breccias. Regolith breccias were collected by the Apollo astronauts , but another type of breccia - impact-melt breccia - is more common in the Apollo collection, however. 这是一个令人着迷和好奇的观察，许多月球陨石，月壤角砾岩。壤角砾岩是由阿波罗宇航员收集，但另一个角砾岩型-冲击熔融角砾岩-较为常见，但在“阿波罗”系列，。 Thin regoliths occur on the surface of asteroids, and some regular (asteroidal) meteorites are regolith breccias. 薄浮尘发生在小行星表面，和一些“常规”（小行星）陨石壤角砾岩。 Because the Moon is closer to the sun than are the asteroids and because the lunar regolith is thicker than asteroidal regoliths, lunar regolith breccias are much richer in solar-wind implanted gases than are asteroidal regolith breccias. 因为月亮比小行星接近太阳，因为月球风化层厚度比小行星浮尘，月壤角砾岩在太阳风注入气体更丰富，比小行星壤角砾岩。When a lunar meteoroid that is a regolith breccia is heated and the surface melts as it passes through the Earths atmosphere, the solar-win