高一英语定语从句讲解精华版.doc

定 语 从 句 一、基本概念： 定语：定语从句： Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now? That is the house where he lived ten years ago. 引导词：关系词关系代词有：that, who, whom, whose, which; 在从句中充当：关系副词有：when, where, why. 在从句充当：先行词：定语从句中引关系词的作用：二、关系词的用法： （一）关系代词的用法： 1 He is the man lives next door. The train has just left is for Shenzhen. 2 The man we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book I bought last week? 注： 3 (a) He is the man car was stolen last week. (b) It was a meeting importance I did not realize at that time. They came to a house back wall had broken down. (= ) Hes written a book the name Ive completely forgotten. (= ) 4 作表语只用that ，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但时常省略。如： He is no longer the man that he used to be. This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be. （二）关系副词的用法： 1when： time, day, morning, night, week, year I still remember the time I first became a college student. Do you know the date Lincoln was born? 2Where place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country This is the hotel they are staying. I forget the house the Smiths lived. 3 why That is the reason he is leaving so soon. (三) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点： 1 这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构： when = on (in, at, during) + which; where = in (at, on) + which; why = for which. 如： I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived. The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it. 2 当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较： Ill never forget the day my hometown was liberated. Ill never forget the days we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory radio parts are made. His father works in a factory makes radio parts. 三限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1限制性定语从句This is the telegram which he refers to. Is there anything (that) I can do for you? 2非限制性定语从句This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago. As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric. 引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有：who, whom, whose, which, when 和 where，不可以用that和why。 注意：I told the story to John, who later did it to his brother. = I told the story to John, and he later told it to his brother. Yesterday I happened to see John, who was eager to have a talk with you. = Yesterday I happened to see John and he was eager to have a talk with you. 4先行词为整个主句或是主句中的一个部分，用which或as来引导。如： He passed the exam, which/as he hoped he would. 注：（1）as引导的从句可以放在主句之前、中、后，而which引导的从句只能放在主句之后。 They are hollow, which makes them very light. As is known to all, Taiwan is a part of China. （2）as常译成“就象 那样”，正如.as 的短语As everybody knows, Luxun is a famous writer.Luxun, as everybody knows, is a famous writer.as we all knowas often happensas you seeas is known to all as is expectedas has been said beforeas I can remember四关系词的选择 1 在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指物时，只能用that，不用which的情况： (1) 当先行词是all, a lot, (a) little, few, much, none, anything, something, everything, nothing等词时。如： All that can be done has been done. In this factory I saw little / much that was different from ours. (2) 当先行词被all, any no, much, little, few, every等限定词所修饰时。如： We heard clearly every word that he said. (3) 当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时。如： The first thing that should be done is to get the tickets. When people talk about Hangzhou, the first that comes to mind is the West Lake. (4) 当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰，以及先行词被序数词和形容 词最高级同时修饰时，如： Is that the best that you can do? Thats the most expensive hotel that weve ever stayed in. This novel is the second best one that I have ever read. (5) 当先行词被 the very, the only, the next, the last等所修饰时。如： This is the very book that I want to find. (6) 当先行词为指人和指物的两个并列名词词组时。如： The guests spoke highly of the children and their performances that they saw at the Childrens Palace. She described in her compositions the people and places that impressed her most. (7) 当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。如： Which is the car that killed the boy? 2. 在定语从句中，当先行词指人时，用who(m)，而不用that的情况： (1) 当先行词是one, ones, any, few, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody等词时。如： Is there anyone who can answer this question? He was among the few who managed to live through the enemy prison camp. (2) 当先行词是he, they, those, people, person等词时。如： He who wants to catch fish just not mind getting wet. Those who are against the proposal put up your hands. 3. 在定语从句中，当先行词指人时，在下列情况中，一般用关系词that: (1) 当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。如： Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there? Which of us that knows anything does not know this? (2) 当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词所修饰时。如： He is the greatest man that has ever lived. (3) 当先行词被the only, the very, the last等词所修饰时。如： She is the only person that understands me. 4介词+关系代词 介词的选择1.介词与定语从句中的动词、形容词搭配Human have the ability to modify the environment they live.He was generous with his time, I was grateful.2. 介词与 先行词搭配By nine oclock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, _ appeared a rare rainbow soon. A. of which B. on which C. from which D. above which3.of which 的用法1） For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread our further, _ New York is an example. A. for which B. in which C. of which D. from which2）The man pulled out a gold watch, were made of small diamonds.A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands of C. which the hands of D. the hands of which选择正确的介词：on in for of with to1. I disagree with the facts _ which your argument is based.2. The song, _ which he was interested, will never be heard again.3. This is the reason _ which he often comes to school late.4. I will never forget the way _ which my father taught me.5. This is the boy _ whom were proud.6. I want to find the very pen _which I wrote the letter.7. They are the boys _whom our teachers are speaking highly.8. It is necessary to name the person _whom the cards belong.9. It is important to choose good friends _ whom you can share your happiness.10. I would like to do business with those people _whom I can rely.定语从句常见错误分析I.句子结构错误。1.昨天王老师上了一节非常生动而有趣的课。误：Yesterday Mr Wang taught the lesson was very lively andinteresting.2.你上个月从图书馆借的那本书还了吗？误：Have you returned me the book you borrowed it from the library last month?3.我永远也不会忘记我在那儿生活了八年的村庄。误：Ill never forget the village where I once worked there for eight years.II.介词错误 1.你们住的那个房间太小了。 误：The room which you are living is too small.2.你能借给我你们刚才谈论到的那本书吗？误：Can you lend me the book about that you were talking justnow?3.我问他去过的城市中哪个城市的人口最多。误：I asked which of the cities that he had been had the largest population.III.选择关系词1.那幢红色屋顶的房子是去年夏天建的。误：The building which roof is red was built last summer.2.你认识那个我想他可能教我们英语的老师吗？误：Do you know the teacher whom I think will come to teach us English?3.你指的是去年我们参观的那所学校吗？误：Do you mean the school where we visited last year?4.这是我所看到过的最好的一部电影。误：This is the best film which I have ever seen.5.我没有告诉她真情，这使我心里很不安。误：I didnt tell her the truth,that made me uneasy.6.现在你所要做的一切就是好好休息。误：All what you should do now is to take a good rest.IV.一致关系1.他是昨天受老师表扬的学生之一。误：He is one of the students who was praised by the teacheryesterday.2.他这次考试不及格，这证明他学习不够刻苦。误：He failed in the exam,which prove that he hadnt workedhard enough at his lessons.3.他们已将所有属于我的东西归还给我。误：They have returned me all that belong to me.V.as 用作关系代词引导定语从句1.我从来还没有听过象他讲的这么有趣的故事。误：I had never heard such an interesting story like he told.2.正如老师所说的，我们应该通过讲英语学习讲英语。误：As the teacher said that we should learn to speak Englishby speaking it.3.学一们外语，正如他们所学的，不是一件容易的事。误：To learn a foreign language,as they learned,was not aneasy job.改正下列句子中的错误：1.Thats all what Dr Wang said at the meeting yesterday.2.There is nothing in the world which can change my mind.3.I met a former student I like him very much when he studiedat our school.4.The sun heats the earth,which make it possible for plants togrow.5.Have you ever heard of such a clever boy like John?6.People who has eyes can sometimes act just as foolishly as the blind men.7.As everyone knows that he was able to help people with theirpersonal affairs.8.The camera which I took my best photos belonged to my father.9.Our engines and machines,most of that have wheels,are unlikeanything in nature.10.The day that they were to leave for America was coming. 定语从句专项练习题1.There are three bedrooms in the house,_ is Marys. A the smallest of which B the smaller of which C the smallest of them D the smallest one 2.The Greens will move into the new house next Monday,_ it will be completely finished.A by the time B by which time C by that time D by this time 3.Alice has a large collection of phone,_ was taken in london.A none of them B no one of which C all of which D none of which4.With the fast development of agriculture, the people _ village I taught before lived a happy life.A who B whose C in whose D in which 5.There is a moutain _ the top is always covered with snow.A whose B of which C its D that 6.She may have missed her train, in _ case she wont arrive for another hour.A what B that C which D this 7.1)I have three children,and two of _ are doctors.2)I have three children, two of _ are doctors.8.There two thousand students in our school,_ are girls.A two-thirds in which B two-thirds in them C two-thirds of them D of whom two thirds 9.I have bought two ballpens,_ writes well. A neither of them B none of them C neither of which D none of which 1This is the best factory _we visited last year .A. where B. which C. in which D. that2.Is this the factory _computers are built ?A. that B. which C. in which D. in that3.please pass me the dictionary _cover is red .A. whose B.its C. which D. which of4.The man _has arrived .A. whom I told you B. that I told you C. whom I told you about him D. I told you about5. Do you know the comrade _we are talking ?A. to whom B. to who C. whom D. to that6. They visited the house _the great writer was born .A. from where B. in which C. which D. in where7. The comrade _is speaking at the meeting is my teacher .A. whom B. which C. who D. whose8. He asked us to watch carefully everything _he did in class .A. who B. that C. what D. where9. Ill visit the professor tomorrow ,_he will be back from Shanghai .A. who B. that C. when D. which10.The school _I study is a new one .A. on which B. at where C. on that D. at which11. China has many islands,_the largest is Taiwan .A. in which B. at which C. which D. of which 12. The city _my mother grew up is not far from here .A. what B. where C. that D. which13. Our teacher lives in the house _door faces to the north .A. which B. his C. that D. whose14. Do you know the man _your father nodded ?A. whom B. to whom C. to who D. about whom15.Wrestling is a sport in _people easily get hurt .A. that B. when C. which D. what16. I told you _I know .A. all that B. all which C. all what D. all whom17.China has a lot of famous writers ,one _is Lu Xun .A. of which B. of whom C. of who D. of them18. Is this factory _we visited last year ?A. in which B. around that C. whom D. the one19. Who is the man _was there ?A. who B. which C. that D. whom20. Is there anything _I can do for you, sir ?A. that B. which C. whose D. who21. I still remember the day _she first wore that green dress . A. which B. in which C. on that D. on which22. The knife _we used to cut the bread is very sharp .A. with which B. with it C. with that D. which23. The games _the young men competed in were difficult .A.in which B. which C. it D. who 24.It rained hard yesterday, _ prevented me from going to the park.A. that B. which C. as D. it25. George Mallory was an English school teacher _ loved climbing.A. who B. whom C. he D. which 历届高考英语单项选择题定语从句精选26.His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _ family was poor.A.of whom B.whom C.of whose D.whose 27.She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth.A.it B.which C.this D.that 28.In the dark street , there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. A.that B.who C.from whom D.to whom 29.The weather turned out to be very good , _ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it 30.After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A.which B.where C.that D.when 3