WebGRE Vocabulary29(红宝书韦氏词典版).doc

Pediatrics解释GRE 红宝书n. 小儿科英n. 小儿科 ( a branch of medicine dealing with diseases of children)记ped ( 儿童) iatrics ( 医学科) - 儿科学同参考: podiatrics ( 足病学) ;psychiatrics ( 精神病学)Webster Collegiatenoun plural but singular or plural in constructionDate: 1884a branch of medicine dealing with the development, care, and diseases of children-Pedigree解释GRE 红宝书n.家系, 祖先英n.家系, 祖先 ( ancestry; lineage)例a pedigre registration certificate ( 纯种系谱登*记证明)Webster CollegiatenounEtymology: Middle English pedegru, from Anglo-French p de grue, literally, cranes foot; from theshape made by the lines of a genealogical chartDate: 15th century1. a register recording a line of ancestors2.m a. an ancestral line ; lineagem b. the origin and the history of something; broadly background, history3.m a. a distinguished ancestrym b. the recorded purity of breed of an individual or strain?d or adjective-Peer解释GRE 红宝书n. 同等之人, 同辈英n. 同等之人, 同辈 ( one belonging to the same societal group)例A student of high caliber, he easily exceled his peers.Webster CollegiateI. nounEtymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French per, from per, adjective, equal, from Latin parDate: 13th century1. one that is of equal standing with another ; equal; especially one belonging to the same societalgroup especially based on age, grade, or status2. archaic companion3.m a. a member of one of the five ranks (as duke, marquess, earl, viscount, or baron) of the Britishagem b. noble 1? adjectiveII. transitive verbDate: 14th centuryarchaic rival, matchIII. intransitive verbEtymology: perhaps by shortening & alteration from appearDate: 15801. to look narrowly or curiously; especially to look searchingly at something difficult to discern2. to come slightly into view ; emerge partly-Peerless解释GRE 红宝书adj.无可匹敌的Webster CollegiateadjectiveDate: 14th centurymatchless, incomparable-Peevish解释GRE 红宝书adj. 坏脾气的, 易怒的英adj. 坏脾气的, 易怒的 ( querulous; fretful)类mawkish : sentimental / peevish : annoyed ( 同义: 多愁善感的 / 烦躁易怒的)例a peevish childWebster CollegiateadjectiveEtymology: Middle English pevish spitefulDate: circa 15301. querulous in temperament or mood ; fretful2. perversely obstinate 3. marked by ill temper?ly adverb?ness noun-Pejorative解释GRE 红宝书adj. 带有轻蔑意义的, 贬低的英adj. 带有轻蔑意义的, 贬低的 ( tending to disparage or belittle; depreciatory)类反义词: laudatory ( 赞美的)记pejor ( 坏) ative - 变坏的 - 贬低的;同参考: pejorate ( 恶化)Webster CollegiateI. nounDate: 1882a word or phraseII. adjectiveEtymology: Late Latin pejoratus, past participle of pejorare to make or become worse, from Latinpejor worse; akin to Sanskrit padyate he falls, Latin ped-, pes foot-more at footDate: circa 1888having negative connotations; especially tending to disparage or belittle ; depreciatory?ly adverb-Pelf解释GRE 红宝书n. 财富, 钱英n. 财富, 钱 ( money, riches)Webster CollegiatenounEtymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French re bootyDate: 14th centurymoney, riches-Pellmell解释GRE 红宝书adv. 混乱地英adv. 混乱地 ( in mingled confusion or disorder)-Pellucid解释GRE 红宝书adj. 清晰的, 清澈的英adj. 清晰的, 清澈的 ( transparent, clear)类venial : excuse / pellucid : understand ( 轻微的错能被原谅 / 清晰的事能被懂得) 反义词: murky ( ?记pell ( =per全部) lucid ( 清澈的) - 十分清澈的Webster CollegiateadjectiveEtymology: Latin us, from per through + lucidus lucid-more at forDate: 16101. admitting maximum passage of light without diffusion or distortion 2. reflecting light evenly from all surfaces3. easy to understand?ly adverb-Pelt解释GRE 红宝书n. 毛皮; v. 投掷; ( 雨) 猛降英n. 毛皮 ( skin with its hair) ; v. 投掷 ( hurl, throw) ;例The children chased each other and pelted snowballs.Webster CollegiateI. nounEtymology: Middle English, probably from pelett animal skin, from Anglo-French pelette-more atryDate: 15th century1. a usually undressed skin with its hair, wool, or fur2. a skin stripped of hair or wool for tanningII. transitive verbDate: 1596to strip off the skin or of (an animal)III. verbEtymology: Middle EnglishDate: 15th centurytransitive verbm 1. a. to strike with a succession of blows or missiles b. to assail vigorously or persistently m 2. hurl, throw m 3. to beat or dash repeatedly against intransitive verbm 1. to deliver a succession of blows or missilesm 2. to beat incessantlym 3. to move rapidly and vigorously ; hurry?er nounIV. nounDate: 1513blow, whack-Pen解释GRE 红宝书n. 围栏; 监禁英n. 围栏 ( a small enclosure of animals) ; 监禁 ( a small place of confinement)记pen作为笔一意大家都知道例a pen of sheep ( 一栏羊)Webster CollegiateabbreviationInternational Association of Poets, Playwrights, Editors, Essayists and Novelists-Penalize解释GRE 红宝书v. 置 ( 某人) 于不利地位; 处罚英v. 置 ( 某人) 于不利地位;处罚 ( to inflict a penalty on)记penal ( 惩罚) ize例The basketball player was penalized for making a foul.Webster Collegiatetransitive verb (-ized; -izing)Date: 18681. to inflict a penalty on2. to put at a serious disadvantage?penalization noun-Penalty解释GRE 红宝书n. 刑罚, 处罚类exempt : liability / pardon : penalty ( 免除责任 / 解除处罚)例In this city, the penalty for speeding is a $50 fine.Webster Collegiatenoun (plural -ties)Etymology: Middle English penalte, from Middle French penalit, from Medieval Latin poenalitas,from Latin poenalisDate: 15th century1. the suffering in person, rights, or property that is annexed by law or judicial decision to thecommission of a crime or public offense2. the suffering or the sum to be forfeited to which a person agrees to be subjected in case ofnonfulfillment of stipulations3.m a. disadvantage, loss, or hardship due to some actionm b. a disadvantage (as loss of yardage, time, or possession of the ball or an addition to orsubtraction from the score) imposed on a team or competitor for violation of the rules of asport4. points scored in bridge by the side that defeats the opposing contract-usually used in plural? adjective-Penance解释GRE 红宝书n. 自我惩罚英n. 自我惩罚 ( an act of self-abatement)记pen ( 惩罚) ance - 惩罚 - 自我惩罚Webster CollegiateI. nounEtymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French, from Medieval Latin poenitentia penitenceDate: 14th century1. an act of self-abasement, mortification, or devotion performed to show sorrow or repentance forsin2. a sacramental rite that is practiced in Roman, Eastern, and some Anglican churches and thatconsists of private confession, absolution, and a directed by the confessor3. something (as a hardship or penalty) resembling an act of (as in compensating for an offense)II. transitive verb (d; penancing)Date: circa 1600to impose on-Penchant解释GRE 红宝书n. 爱好, 嗜好英n. 爱好, 嗜好 ( a strong and continued inclination)类反义词: aversion ( 厌恶) ; dislike ( 讨厌)记pench ( =pend 挂) ant - 对.挂着一颗心 - 爱好例My roommate has a penchant for cooking elaborate dinners.Webster CollegiatenounEtymology: French, from present participle of pencher to incline, from Vulgar Latin *pendicare, fromLatin pendere to weighDate: 1672a strong and continued inclination; broadly likingSynonyms: see leaning-Pendent解释GRE 红宝书adj. 吊着的, 悬挂的英adj. 吊着的, 悬挂的 ( something suspended)记pend ( 挂) ent - 挂着的, 吊着的例a pendent camp ( 吊灯)Webster Collegiateor pendant adjectiveEtymology: Middle English pendauntDate: 14th century1. jutting or leaning over ; overhanging 2. supported from above ; suspended 3. remaining undetermined ; pending-Pending解释GRE 红宝书adj. 即将发生的; 未决的英adj. 即将发生的 ( imminent, impending) ; 未决的 ( not yet decided)记pend ( 挂) ing - 挂着的状态 - 未决的例a pending lawsuit ( 待决案件) / a pending examWebster CollegiateI. prepositionEtymology: French pendant, from present participle of pendreDate: 16421. during2. while awaiting II. adjectiveDate: 17971. not yet decided ; being in continuance 2. imminent, im-Pendulum解释GRE 红宝书n. 摆, 钟摆记pend ( 挂) ulum - 挂的东西 - 钟摆Webster CollegiatenounEtymology: New Latin, from Latin, neuter of pendulusDate: 16601. a body suspended from a fixed point so as to swing freely to and fro under the action of gravity andcommonly used to regulate movements (as of clockwork)2. something (as a state of affairs) that alternates between opposites-Penetrate解释GRE 红宝书v. 刺穿; 渗入; 了解英v. 刺穿 ( pierce) ;渗入 ( to pass in) ; 了解 ( to discover the meaning of)记pen ( 全部) etr ( =enter进入) ate - 全部进入 - 刺穿Webster Collegiateverb (-trated; -trating)Etymology: Latin penetratus, past participle of penetrare, from penitus deep within, far; akin to Latinpenus provisionsDate: circa 1530transitive verbm 1. a. to pass into or through b. to enter by overcoming resistance ; pierce c. to gain entrance tom 2. a. to see into or through b. to discover the inner contents or meaning ofm 3. to affect profoundly with feelingm 4. to diffuse through or intointransitive verbm 1. a. to pass, extend, pierce, or diffuse into or through something b. to pierce something with the eye or mindm 2. to affect deeply the senses or feelingsSynonyms: see enter-Penetrating解释GRE 红宝书adj. 敏锐的, 尖锐的英adj. 敏锐的, 尖锐的 ( pervading; acute, discerning)例The article took a penetrating look at crime.Webster CollegiateadjectiveDate: 15931. having the power of entering, piercing, or pervading 2. acute, discerning ?ly adverb-Penicillin解释GRE 红宝书n. 青霉素英青霉素, 盘尼西林 ( a substance used as a medicine to destroy certain bacteria in people andanimals)Webster CollegiatenounEtymology: New Latin PenicilliumDate: 19291. any of several relatively nontoxic antibiotic acids of the general formula Csub9/subHsub11/subNsub2/subOsub4/subSR that are produced by molds(genus Penicillium and especially P. notatum or P. chrysogenum) or synthetically and are usedespecially against gram-positive cocci; also a mixture of such acids2. a salt or ester of a or a mixture of such salts or esters-Peninsula解释GRE 红宝书n. 半岛英半岛 ( a piece of land almost completely surrounded by water but joined to a larger mass ofland)记pen ( 接近) +insula ( 岛) - 象岛 - 半岛Webster CollegiatenounEtymology: Latin paeninsula, from paene almost + insula islandDate: 1538a portion of land nearly surrounded by water and connected with a larger body by an isthmus; also apiece of land jutting out into the water whether with or without a well-defined isthmus?r adjective-Penitent解释GRE 红宝书adj. 后悔的, 忏悔的英adj. 后悔的, 忏悔的 ( expressing regretful pain; repentant)例Those who were penitent obtained absolution. ( 悔过者获得了赦免)Webster CollegiateI. adjectiveEtymology: Middle English, from Middle French & Latin; Middle French , from Latin paenitent-,paenitens, from present participle of paenitre to cause regret, feel regret, perhaps from paene almostDate: 14th centuryfeeling or expressing humble or regretful pain or sorrow for sins or offenses ; repentant?ly adverbII. nounDate: 14th century1. a person who repents of sin2. a person under church censure but admitted to penance or reconciliation especially under thedirection of a confessor-Penitentiary解释GRE 红宝书n. 监狱, 感化院英n. 监狱, 感化院 ( a state or federal prison in the US)记penitent ( 后悔) 让人后悔的地方 - 监狱, 教养所Webster CollegiateI. noun (plural -ries)Etymology: Middle English penitenciary, from Medieval Latin poenitentiarius, from poenitentiaDate: 15th century1.m a. an officer in some Roman Catholic dioceses vested with power from the bishop to deal withcases of a nature normally handled only by the bishopm b. capitalized a cardinal presiding over a tribunal of the Roman curia concerned withdispensations and indulgences2. a public institution in which offenders against the law are confined for detention or punishment;specifically a state or federal prison in the United StatesII. adjectiveDate: 15771. penitential2. of, relating to, or incurring confinement in a -Pennant解释GRE 红宝书n. ( 船上用的) 信号旗英n. ( 船上用的) 信号旗 ( nautical flags used for identification or signaling)记可能是pendant ( 悬挂物) 的变体Webster CollegiatenounEtymology: alteration of pendantDate: 16981.m a. any of various nautical flags tapering usually to a point or swallowtail and used foridentification or signalingm b. a flag or banner longer in the fly than in the hoist; especially one that tapers to a point2. a flag emblematic of championship (as in a professional baseball league); also the championshipitself-Pension解释GRE 红宝书n. 养老金, 退休金英n. 养老金, 退休金 ( a fixed sum paid regularly to aperson following retirement from service)记pens ( 挂, 引申为钱) ion - 养老金例The city raised taxes to maintain its employees pensions.Webster CollegiateI. nounEtymology: Middle English, from Anglo-French, from Latin -, pensio, from pendere to pay more at pendantDate: 14th century1. a fixed sum paid regularly to a person:m a. archaic wagem b. a gratuity granted (as by a government) as a favor or rewardm c. one paid under given conditions to a person following retirement from service or tosurviving dependents2. French, from Middle Frenchm a. accommodations especially at a continental European hotel or boardinghouse ; room andboardm b. (also e) e, from Italiana hotel or boardinghouse especially in continental Europe?less adjectiveII. transitive verb (ed; ing)Date: 17021. to grant or pay a to2. to dismiss or retire from service with a -Pensive解释GRE 红宝书adj. 沉思的; 愁眉苦脸的英adj. 沉思的 ( reflective; meditative) ; 愁眉苦脸的 ( suggestive of sad thoughtfulness)记pens ( 挂) ive - 挂在心上 - 沉思的例look pensive ( 显得心事重重)Webster CollegiateadjectiveEtymology: Middle English pensif, from Anglo-French, from penser to think, from Latin pensare toponder, frequentative of pendere to weigh-more at pendantDate: 14th century1. musingly or dreamily thoughtful2. suggestive of sad thoughtfulness?ly adverb?ness noun-Penultimate解释GRE 红宝书adj. 倒数第二的英adj. 倒数第二的 ( next to the last)记pen ( 接近) ultimate ( 最终的) - 倒数第二的Webster CollegiateadjectiveDate: 16771. next to the last 2. of or relating to a penult ?ly adverb-Penumbra解释GRE 红宝书n. 半明半暗之处; 边缘部分英n. 半明半暗之处 ( a space of partial illumination) ; 边缘部分 ( fringe)记pen ( 接近) umbra ( 影子) - 接近影子 - 明暗交界处同同根词: adumbrate ( 预示) ; umbrella ( 雨伞)Webster Collegiatenoun (plural e or -bras)Etymology: New Latin, from Latin paene almost + umbra shadow-more at umbrageDate: 16661.m a. a space of partial illumination (as in an eclipse) between the perfect shadow on all sides andthe full lightm b. a shaded region surrounding the dark central portion of a sunspot2. a surrounding or adjoining region in which something exists in a lesser degree ; fringe3. a body of rights held to be guaranteed by implication in a civil constitution4. something that covers, surrounds, or obscures ; shroud ?l adjective-Penurious解释GRE 红宝书adj. 贫困的; 吝啬的英adj. 贫困的 ( suffering from penury) ; 吝啬的 ( stingy)类frugal : penurious / compliant : obsequious ( 过分节俭就是吝啬 / 过分服从就是谄媚)记penur ( 缺少) ious - 缺少的 - 贫困的Webster CollegiateadjectiveDate: 15901. marked by or suffering from penury2. given to or marked by extreme stinting frugalitySynonyms: see stingy?ly adverb?ness noun-Penury解释GRE 红宝书n. 贫穷英n. 贫穷 ( extreme poverty)类反义词: prodigality ( 丰富) ; affluence ( 富裕)Webster CollegiatenounEtymology: Middle English, from Latin penuria, paenuria want; perhaps akin to Latin paene almostDate: 14th century1. a cramping and oppressive lack of resources (as money); especially severe poverty2. extreme and often niggardly frugalitySynonyms: see poverty-Peptic解释GRE 红宝书adj. 产生胃酶的, 助消化的英adj. 产生胃酶的, 助消化的 ( prompting digestion)Webster CollegiateadjectiveEtymology: Latin us, from Greek peptikos, from peptos cooked, from peptein, pessein to cook,digest-more at cookDate: 16511. relating to or promoting digestion ; digestive2. of, relating to, producing, or caused by pepsin 3. connected with or resulting from the action of digestive juices -Perambulate解释GRE 红宝书v. 巡行, 巡视; 漫步英v. 巡视 ( to make an official inspection on foot) , 漫步 ( to travel over on foot; traverse)记per ( 到处) ambul ( 行走) ate - 到处走 - 巡视Webster Collegiateverb (-lated; -lating)Etymology: Latin perambulatus, past participle of perambulare, from per- through + ambulare towalkDate: 1568transitive verbm 1. to travel over or through especially on foot ; traversem 2. to ma