M1U3词汇重难点.doc

1. figure Most young women want a slim figure these days, especially here in Canada. (P42)阅读下列各句，猜测figure的词性及含义。 (1) My mother is right: dont damage your health for a slim and attractive figure. () (2) The sales figures have dropped to their lowest point () (3) Years later, researchers were able to use these empty spaces to produce true-to-life figures of the people who had died in the disaster() (4) For example, this brochure mentions Charles Yerkes and Charles Holden, two important figures in the history of the London Underground.() (5) I figured that he was drunk and shouldnt be allowed to drive.()拓展： 阅读下列各句，猜测figure out的含义。(6) Have you figure out how much the trip will cost? ()(7) Actually, we often need to look to our behavior to figure out who we are. ()辨析：figure out, work out, make outmake out: 弄懂，看透；辨认，分清figure out: 弄懂，明白；计算出work out: 锻炼；计算；解决；弄懂；制定；发展单项填空：(8) We had wanted to finish our task by noon, but it didnt quite as planned. A. find outB. give outC. hand outD. work out(9) At that time, I could just a figure in the darkness. A. worked outB. give outC. make outD. turned out(10) They really have a great time too, designing everything, drawing the blue prints, the angles and so on. A. looking outB. taking out C. finding outD. figuring out2. consider Now he is considering taking some pills, which he thinks will help him become stronger. (P49) consider vt. 考虑；认为根据句意，用所给动词的适当形式填空。 (1) Now he is considering _ (take) some pills, which he thinks will help him become stronger.(2) As we all know, Australia is considered _ (be) a great sporting nation.(3) Loulan is considered _ (cover) by sandstorms in AD 400.拓展：consideration n. 考虑，常用于take . into consideration结构中。considering prep./conj. 考虑到；鉴于，常用来做状语。considerate adj. 体贴的；考虑周到的considerable adj. 相当多（大或重要等）的根据句意，用consideration, considering, considerate, considerable填空。 (4) The project wasted a _ amount of time and money.(5) _ hes only just started he knows quite a lot about it.(6) It was _ of you to let us know you were going to be late.(7) There are several things to take into _ when you are travelling abroad.3. recover Im now in hospital recovering from liver failure. (L18, P42)recover vt./vi. 恢复；重新获得根据所给中文完成句子。 (1) I thought I needed a hot cup of coffee to warm me up and _ (恢复力气). (2) The police eventually _ (重新找回被偷的画). (3) You are to interview Amy, who is in hospital _ (从肝脏的衰竭中恢复). 辨析：recover, cure, treat, healrecover: “（健康、力气等）恢复；重新获得”。cure:“治愈；解决；矫正”。常用于cure sb. of sth.结构中。treat: “治疗；对待；处理；款待”。常用于treat sb. with/as/to sth.结构中。heal: “康复；复原”，侧重愈合根据句意，用recover, cure, treat, heal 的适当形式填空。(4) It took a long time for the wounds _.(5) If _ with electricity, the cell tissue will divide into several parts.少句号(6) In my family, we usually celebrate Mothers Day by _ Mom to a dinner.(7) It can take many years to _ from the death of a loved one.(8) However, with the application of his discovery, millions of people have _ of different sicknesses.少句号4. failure Im now in hospital recovering from liver failure. (L18, P42)failure: n. 衰竭，衰退；故障，失灵；失败翻译下列短语：(1) a heart/liver failure _ (2) end in failure _ (3) a power failure _ (4) an engine failure _拓展：fail v.阅读下列各句，推测fail的含义(5) I failed in my attempt to persuade her. ()(6) She was disqualified after failing a drugs test. ()(7) The examiners failed over half the candidates.()5. contain They contain a harmful chemical that caused my liver to fail. (L19, P42)contain vt. 包含；含有；容纳拓展：container 容器辨析：contain, include与count的辨析contain 表示包含所含之物的全部或部分，还有容纳和含成分之意。该词不用于进行时。include表示包含所含之物的一部分，侧重整体的一部分。可用于including sb./sth. 或 sb./sth. included等非谓语结构中。count表示包括，把计算在内，常用于count sb./sth. in/among结构，也可用于非谓语结构中。根据句意，用contain, include, count 的适当形式填空。(1) He opened the bag, which a razor, soap and a towel.(2) Generally speaking, a football team eleven players.(3) I Jules and Andy among my closest friends.(4) His schoolbag used to a lot of books, a cartoon book.(5) Every packet of cigarettes poisonous chemicals that can result in lung cancer and heart disease.6. damage My mother is right: dont damage your health for a slim and attractive figure. (L25, P43) damage vt. 损害，破坏，伤害 （可修复） n. 损失，损害，伤害 （不可数）；赔偿金（常用复数）辨析：damage, destroy, ruin, spoil, harm, hurt的辨析 改宋体damage: 对人或物（抽象或具体）造成可修复损害、破坏或伤害。 destroy: 毁灭、摧毁好的、不好的事物，使之不复存在或无法修复。ruin: 破坏、毁灭好的、有用的事物，此物仍存在，但失去了所有的价值、愉悦等。spoil: 破坏、糟蹋、毁掉，语气比ruin稍轻一些，后接人时表示溺爱，宠坏。根据句意，用damage, destroy, ruin, spoil的适当形式填空。(1) My new shoes got _ in the mud. (2) Smoking may cause serious _ to you and the people around you.(3) The medicine is to _ all the cancer cells. (4) Your children will be _ by what you have done.7. suffer There is news about a Canadian actress who suffered liver failure because of taking those pills. (P45)suffer vi./vt 受苦；吃苦；遭受 suffering n. 痛苦；困难根据所给中文完成句子。 (1) 我不忍心看动物受苦。 I hate _. (2) 他当初草率决定，现在吃苦头了。He made a rash decision and now _.(3) 很多公司苦于没有熟练的员工。Many companies are _.(4) 公司在上一财政年度出现巨额亏损。The company _.辨析：suffer, ache, painsuffer: vi./vt., 后可接疾病、失败、损失、不愉快的经历等，侧重受苦、吃苦，主语是人。ache vi./n., 疼痛，侧重持续的、隐隐的痛，主语是疼痛的部位。pain n., 侧重精神上或肉体上的疼或痛，还可以指痛苦的经历和辛苦的付出。根据句意，用suffer, ache, pain的适当形式填空。 (5) Whatever _ I _ in my life, I have never given up. (6) The good news is that these kinds of growing _ do not last.(7) People who work in a green environment have been found to have fewer stomach _.(8) However, why pleasant smells do not reduce _ in men remains a puzzle for scientists.8. affect After taking this kind of pill. . some of which may even affect his liver or heart. (P49)affect vt. 阅读下列各句，推测affect的含义。(1) We were deeply affected by the love of the mother in the film. ()(2) We will educate them about the bad physical effects of smoking and how smoking affects those people around them. ()(3) Its a lack of exercise that leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease.()辨析： 用effect/ affect/ affection/ effective/ efficient填空。 (4)The environment has a great _ on the growth of children. (5)Its high time that the government adopted _ measures against piracy. (6) A bad home environment can _ a childs healthy growth. 撇号格式不对 (7) Children need lots of love and _.(8) As we get older, our bodies become less _ at burning up calories.拓展：effect effect n. 效果；影响；作用。常用搭配有：side effects 副作用have an effect on对有影响 come into/take effect 实施，生效 put/bring sth. into effect 实行，实施 in effect实际上；有效根据句意，用上面短语的适当形式填空。(9) You need to wait an hour for the medicine to _. (10) It has been found that smoking does _ on the health of the smoker. (11) The new law for animals will be _ this year. (12) She was forced to do that. _, she has no choice.9. count Walking and riding your bike count, and so do school sports. (L18, P58)阅读下列各句，写出画线部分的含义。 (1) There are ten people on our tourism team, not counting the guide. () (2) You should count yourself fortunate in having good health. () (3) In sport what really counts is not the winning but the playing. () (4) It is no use counting your chickens before they are hatched. () 拓展：countless adj. 数不尽的；无数的countable adj. 可数的 count on 指望；依靠；依赖count down 倒计时 count . in 把算在内count . out 逐一数出；不算在内 单项填空： (5) Will 200 ? Im afraid not. We need at least 50 more dollars. A. countB. satisfyC. fitD. do (6) Surely it doesnt matter where the student associations get their money from; what is what they do with it. A. countsB. appliesC. stressesD. functions (7) The manager says he needs an assistant that he can to deal with the problems that may occur in his absence. A. count downB. count inC. count onD. count out10. concentrate . increase your ability to concentrate when you study. (L21, P58)concentrate vt./vi. 集中（注意力，思想等）concentrate (ones mind/ attention) on sth. 拓展： focus (ones attention/mind) on sth. be focused/concentrated on sth. pay attention to sth. draw ones attention to sth. turn ones attention to sth. (sth.) keep / hold sbs attention be absorbed in sth. fix ones attention on sth. 完成句子： (1) _(集中更多的注意力在工作上), or you will be fired.(2) I _(无法集中注意力学习) with so much noise outside. (3) All the students were listening carefully with _(眼神集中) on the blackboard.11. fall out Your friends hair might fall out. (P49)阅读下列各句，写出fall out的含义。(1) Your baby teeth will fall out in two years time.()(2) She is unhappy now; she fell out with her boyfriend yesterday.()拓展：根据句意，用下列短语的正确形式填空。 fall back fall over fall down fall behind fall for fall apart(3) How was it possible to from the third floor without being hurt?(4) Babies often their own feet when they are learning to walk.(5) Study hard, or youll . (6) People are waiting to see if prices will soon.(7) The toy car fell off the table and .(8) Im surprised that you should that kind of trick.12. make the most of Join us and make the most of this special offer! (P52)make the most of 充分利用= make full use of = make the best use of 拓展：make a difference 有影响；重要； make fun of 取笑；捉弄 make sense 讲得通；有道理 make sense of 理解make way for 为让路 make room for 为腾出空间根据句意，用以上短语的正确形式填空。(1) The crowd stepped aside, the horses. (2) It doesnt to me whether you go or stay.(3) It to save money while you can.(4) Do you have any difficulty the article?13. in the long term Diets are useless in the long term. (P58) in the long term /run从长远来看 in the short term/run 就短期而言 long-term 长期的 short-term 短期的 拓展：term的其他含义： 表示方式：in terms of 表示术语：medical terms in strong terms 表示关系：on good /bad terms with sb. 表示条件：on equal/the same terms 三、句型点拨 1. Walking and riding your bike count, and so do school sports. (P58) so + 助动词/系动词/情态动词 + 主语：表示上述肯定情况也适用于该句主语。 (1) I have seen the film twice. _. (我姐姐也是。) (2) He used to be a teacher, _. (他妻子也是。) (3) If he goes with you, _. (我也去。) neither /nor +助动词/系动词/情态动词 + 主语：表示上述否定情况也适用于该句主语。 (4) 我没去过纽约。他也没去过。_ (5) 如果你明天不上学，我也不上。_ so + 主语 +助动词/系动词/情态动词：表示对上述情况的赞同或证实，前后主语一致。 Jenny is always hardworking. So she is. 如果前一句中有多种情况，后一句用“so it is with/it is the same with”来表示“也是如此”。如：Tom likes Chinese, but he is not good at it.So it is with Mary./It is the same with Mary.单项填空：(6) The soil is a part of the earth, the atmosphere. A. as it i