初中英语总复习数词讲解.doc

课前轻松阅读Jim Smith was a poor boy. One day he was very cold and hungry. He came to a house and asked a young woman only for a glass of water. But the lady was so kind that she gave him a large glass of hot milk. Jim drank it and then asked , “How much should I pay you?” “You dont need to pay.” She replied. Jim thanked her from the bottom of his heart. Years later, Jim became a doctor. One day, a woman was sent to his hospital. She was seriously ill. He recognized her at once and decided to do his best to save her life. The operation was successful, but the cost was high. After looking at the womans bill, Jim wrote something on it. When the woman received the bill, she didnt dare to look at it. However, something on the side of the bill caught her attention. She began to read the following words: Paid in full with one glass of milk. 第 四 讲：数 词考点导航关于数词，近五年中考对数词的考查重点是：基数词和序数词的构成和用法；分数的表示方法及日常交际常见的数词的用法。对数词的考查以单项选择、词汇题或完形填空等形式出现，分值为23分。 如下： 1掌握年、月、日、时刻的表达方法。2掌握基数词、序数词的构成及其用法。 3分数的表达及主谓一致。4考查hundred，thousand，million，billion等词的用法。数词分基数词和序数词。基数词表示数目，序数词表示顺序。一、基数词的构成 最基本的数词1 one, 2 two, 3 three, 4 four, 5 five, 6 six, 7 seven, 8 eight, 9 nine, 10 ten, 11 eleven, 12 twelve, 13 thirteen, 14 fourteen, 15 fifteen, 16 sixteen, 17 seventeen, 18 eighteen, 19nineteen, 20 twenty, 30 thirty, 40 forty, 50 fifty, 60 sixty, 70 seventy, 80 eighty, 90 ninety, 100 a hundred, 1,000 a thousand 1,000,000 a million, 1,000,000,000 a billion1112的基数词是独立的单词，即： one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight， nine，ten， ， 。 0读作 21319的基数词以-teen结尾。如： fourteen，seventeen等，但13，15，18较特殊， 13 15 18 。 32090的整十位均以-ty结尾。如： sixty，seventy，但20，30，40，50，80，90较特殊， 20 30 40 50 80 90 。 4十位数与个位数之间要加连字符号“-”，如：28twenty-eight，96ninety-six。 5百位和十位（若无十位则和个位）之间加and，如：148one hundred and forty-eight 406four hundred and six。 6hundred（百）， （千）， （百万），billion（十亿）等前面即使有具体的数词，也不能在它们的后面加s。如：600six hundred，8百万eight million。 71000以上的数字，从后往前数每三位加一个逗号“，”第一个逗号前为千（thousand），第二个逗号前为百万（million），第三个逗号前为billion（十亿）。英语中无“万”这个词，我们可以用“几十个千（thousand）”表示几万，“几百个千（thousand）”表示“几十万”。如： 2，510two thousand five hundred and ten；84，296eight-four thousand two hundred and ninety-six；274，350 88,065,909 。读出下列数字：1，001one thousand and one 9，785nine thousand， seven hundred and eighty-five 18，423eighteen thousand，four hundred and twenty-three 6，260，309six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine 750，000，000，000seven hundred and fifty billion8hundred，thousand，million用复数形式修饰名词时要用“of复数名词”，如：数以百计的年轻人hundreds of young people；数以千计的书thousands of books。注意：hundreds of thousands ofmillions of 复数名词，其前面不能加具体的数词，但可加several或 many。 有具体的数词的时候，这些词不能加S。9基数词单数名词形容词构成合成形容词。如：一个五岁的男孩a five-year-old boy；一座800米长的桥 ；女子400米接力 。 10句型：主语is about（大约） over more than（超过）nearly（接近）具体数词metre（s）kilometre（s）kilo（s）long high tall deep away等。如：长江长6300公里。 The Changjiang River is 6，300 kilometres long 二、序数词 1基数词变序数词可利用口诀巧记：“一、二、三，特殊记，八去“t”，九去“e”，“ve”要用“f”替，见“y”变成“i”和“e”，词尾加上“th”，若是遇到几十几，只变个位就可以。”第一、第二、第三分别： ， ， ，eight nine ， five ， twelve ，twenty ， forty ， twenty-five 。 2其余情况均在基数词后加th。如： sixsixth, nineteennineteenth , hundred hundredth, thousandthousandth等。 3序数词的缩写形式为：阿拉伯数字加上这个词的末尾两个字母。 1st 2nd，3rd，4th，20th，21st，22nd，23rd记忆口诀：基变序，有规律，first，second，third要牢记; 其它变化有公式，基数词尾加-th; Eight去t, nine去e; 从twenty，thirty到ninety，需变y为ie; five和twelve, 需将ve变f; 若是遇到“几十几”，只变个位就可以。三、数词的用法1. 基数词的用法(1) 基数词在句中主要用作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语，例如： Thirty of them are Party members.（主语） - How many would you like？ - Three ，please（作宾语） The nine boys are from Tianjin.（定语） Six plus four is ten.（表语） We four will go with you.（同位语） (2) 表示一个具体数字时，hundred, thousand, million一律不用复数；在表示一个不确定数字时则用复数。例如：Our country has a population of 1,300 million people.There are three thousand students in our school.After the war, thousands of people became homeless.Maize is the most important food crop for millions of people in the world.They arrived in twos and threes(3) 表示“十”的数词的复数形式可用来表示人的岁数或年代，例如： He is in his early thirties He died still in his forties This took place in the 1930s(4) 表示时刻用基数词。例如：We get up at six.The workers begin work at eight. 表示“几点过几分”，用介词past,但须在半小时以内。例如：ten past ten, a quarter past nine, half past twelve 表示“几点差几分”用介词to, 但分数须在半小时以上。例如：twenty to nine, five to eight, a quarter to ten 表示“几点几分”还可直接用基数词。例如：seven fifteen, eleven thirty, nine twenty2. 序数词的用法（1）（1）序数词作定语时，一般要与定冠词或物主代词连用。 eg. Tom is their second son. He is the first one to come here. The first truck is carrying a foot baskets John lives on the fifteenth floor（2）序数词有时前面可加不定冠词来表示“再一”，“又一”这样的意思，例如： Well have to do it a second time Shall I ask him a third time？ When I sat down，a fourth man rose to speak（3）由几个序数词和基数词在拼写时不对应，很容易写错，应特别注意。它们是：one-first, two-second, three-third, five-fifth, eight-eighth, nine-ninth, twelve-twelfth。（4）表示年，月，日时， 年用基数词表示，日用序数词表示。例如： 1949年十月一日读作: October (the) first, nineteen sixty 2004年九月十日读作：September (the) tenth, two thousand and four（5）表示分数时，分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示。分子大于1时，分母加-s。例如：three fourths, one second, two fifths（6）序数词有时用缩写形式： first1st second2nd third3rd fourth4th twenty-second22nd 四、数词在生活中的应用 1钟点的表示：小时、点钟、分钟、秒钟要用基数词。 “几点钟”用基数词加oclock。oclock可省略。如：现在是5点钟Its five（oclock）“几点过几分，30分钟”用介词past。如： 7：05five past seven；7：15fifteen（a quarter）past seven；7：30half past seven。“差几分几点”用介词“to”。注意：整点加“1”且用 60减去目前的分钟数。如：7：40twenty to eight；7：45fifteen（a quarter）to eight。日常生活中的时间读法常常简化，直接按基数词的顺序读。如：7：05seven o five；7：15 seven fifteen。 2编号的表示： Lesson One the first lesson第一课； Bus No3the No3bus 3路公共汽车； 表示住所时不用“No”如：302房间Room 302（读作：room three o two）； 如果编号的数词比较长，一般用基数词。如：Page 457第457页；电话号码，用基数词，可单个读，重复的数字也可读“double”，如：3855633three eight five five（double five） six three three（double three）。 3年月日的表示：年份用基数词，先读前一位或两位，再读后两位。如：1999nine- teen ninety-nine；1900nineteen hundred； 2000two thousand；1905nineteen o five；年用基数词，日用序数词。如：1998年6月8日写作：June 8，1998；读作：June the eighth， nineteen ninety-eight或the eighth of June， nineteen ninety-eight。 4分数的表达：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于“1”，分母则加“s”。如：13 one third，23two thirds；12 a（one）half， 14 或a ，34 或 。 5倍数的表达：一倍用once，两倍用 ，两倍以上用基数词 。如：5倍 。 1）倍数表示法 a. 主语+谓语+倍数（或分数）+ as + adj. + as I have three times as many as you.我有你三倍那么多。 b. 主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+ the size (amount，length) of The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.地球是月球的49倍。 c. 主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+ 形容词（副词）比较级+ than The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year. 今年比去年粮食产量增加8%。 d. 还可以用by+倍数，表示增加多少倍 The production of grain has been increased by four times this year. 今年粮食产量增加了4倍。6、小数的小数点读作point，零读作o或zero,小数点后面的数字按个位基数词依次读出。7、百分数(%)，读作percent ，但不论是多少均用作单数形式不能加s。8、表示日期有两种说法和四种写法，如：2月1号英语表达法为：the first of February而美语为February (the) first,但其书写上可有四种写法February 1 February 1st 1st February 1/2。五、特殊用法 1数词作主语，谓语动词用单数。如： Two months is quite a long timeFour and two is sixWhats two and three？ 2一个半小时（一年半，一个半月可类推）onean hour and a half 。 3不定冠词用在序数词前表又一、再一。如：Ive tried three times，let me try a fourth time意为：我已经试过三次，让我再试一次吧。 4、基数词一般是单数形式，但下列情况，常用复数： a. 与of 短语连用，表示概数，不能与具体数目连 用，如scores of people 指许多人； b.在一些表示一排或一组的词组里； 如：They arrived in twos and threes.他们三三两两的到达了。 c. 表示几十岁； d. 表示年代，用 in +the +数词复数； e. 在乘法运算的一种表示法里，如：3 x 5 = 15 Three fives is (are) fifteen.5、 半小时为half an hour, 半天为half a day, 半镑为half a pound, 尽量避免用half a year, half a month, 要用six months, two weeks 或 fifteen days 要注意的是Half of the work is done Half of the books are sold. 当Half 作名词时，其谓语动词要看of后面的名词而定。如名词是不可数名词则用单数谓语动词，如是复数名词时，则要用复数谓语动词。One and a half +复数名词做主语时候，谓语动词用单数要注意的是一个半的表达法，如：One and a half apples is left on the table.其名词要用复数，但谓语动词则要用单数。6、 在句首的数字要用文字而不要用阿拉伯数字，如数字过大则应放于句中，用阿拉伯数字。如： There are 166 students playing on the ground.误 60 students are playing on the ground.正 Sixty students are playing on the ground.7、算法 种类 例 句 加法 一般 Five and six is eleven. 正式 Five plus six is (equals) eleven. 减法 一般 Eight take away four leaves (is) four. Four from Eight leaves (is) four. 正式 Eight minus four equals (is) four. 乘法 一般 Three fours are twelve 34=12 正式 Three times four equals (is) twelve. 一般 Two in to four is two. 正式 Four divided by two equals two. eg. 3+5=8 Three plusand five is eight. 9-2=7 Nine minus two is seven. 6x5=30 Five times six is thirty six unutilized five is thirty. 82=4 Eight divided by two is four.典型例题解析1 - How many students are there in your school, Mike?- There are over students in our school.A. two thousands B. two thousands of C. two thousand D. two thousand of 答案 C. 析 有基数词在前面时thousand， hundred 等词不能加s，也不能加of结构，只有在thousands of时才可以使用。2 John lives on floor. He doesnt use a lift to go up and down.A. nine B. the ninth C. ninth D. a ninth 答案 B. 析 序数词前加定冠词，nine 与 ninth 的拼写上有一个e字母相差别。3 Wu Dong won the girls race in the school sports meeting last week.A. 100 metres B. 100metres C. 100 metre D. 100metre 答案 D. 析 数词、名词、形容词等词用连字符连接成的形容词中，名词都不要加s，如： I have to write a twothousandword report.而且由连字符组成的形容词只能放于名词前，不能放于名词后，作后置定语，或用在be动词后作表语。4 There are students in our school.A. four hundred twenty B. four hundred and twenty C. four hundreds twenty D. four hundreds and twenty 答案 B.5 - How many days are there in a year? - There are .A. three hundreds and sixtyfive B. three hundreds sixtyfiveC. three hundred and sixtyfive D. three hundred sixty five 答案 C.6 We have learned about English words.A. nine hundreds B. nine hundred C. nine hundred of D. nine hundreds of 答案 B.7 Autumn is season of the year.A. third B. the three C. third D. the third 答案 D.8 They are learning now.A. Lesson Eight B. the eight lesson C. Lesson Eighth D. Eighth lesson 答案 A. 析 第几课，第几个门，在英语中有两种说法，Lesson Two, Gate Two但要注意每一单词的首字母要大写。 the second lesson, the second gate 首字母不要大写，并要注意有些缩写的读法。如:9 The boy was so hungry that he ate .A. three bowls of rices B. three bowl of riceC. three bowl of rices D. three bowls of rice 答案 D. 析 rice 是不可数物质名词，而bowl是可数名词。10 There are months in a year.A. twelve B. twelf C. twelveth D. twelfth 答案 A.随堂练习题( ) 1. Lincoln was born on _. A. February 12, 1809 B. 1809, February 12 C. 1809, 12 February D. February 1809,12( ) 2. A _ boy can sing the English song very well. A. ten-years-old B. ten years old C. ten-year-old D. fifth years old( ) 3. An hour later, _ minister was sent to see the “magic cloth” woven by those two men. A. two B. the second C. the two D. second( ) 4. Abraham Lincoln was _ President of the United States. A. 16 B. the 16 C. 16th D. the 16th( ) 5. Do you think there is any room for us _ ? A. two B. the two C. second D. the second( ) 6. How many students are there in your class? _. A. Twenty nine B. Thirty and two C. Forty-five D. fifties( ) 7. Which number is wrong? _. A. Ninety B. Ninteen C. Ninth D. Nineteenth( ) 8. The Peoples Liberation Army was founded _. A. on August 1, 1927 B. in 1927, 1 August C. on August 1st, 1927 D. in August 1, 1927( ) 9. The number 4,123 is read _. A. four thousand one hundred and twenty-three B. four thousand and one hundred twenty-three C. four thousand and a hundred and twenty-three D. four thousands a hundred and twenty-three( ) 10. The old professor still works hard though he is _. A. in his sixty B. in his sixties C. in sixties D. in the sixty( ) 11. This classroom is _ ours. A. three times big as B. as three times big as C. three times as big as D. as big three times as( ) 12. The basketball team of our school ranks _ in the match. A. three B. third C. the three D. the third( ) 13. Which is the car that he drives? Its _. A. fifty two B. the fifty-two cars C. the car fifty four D. the fifty-fourth car( ) 14. Which of the following is wrong? _. A. He is a fifteen-year-old boy. B. He is at the age of 15. C. He is a boy of 15. D. He is fifteen year old.( ) 15. Our school is not very big. There are only _ students. A. nine hundreds of B. nine hundred C. nine hundreds D. nine hundred of( ) 16. How many new words are there in _ lesson? There are only _. A. five; fifth B. fifth; five C. the fifth; the five D. the fifth; five( ) 17. _, Coca-Cola began to enter Chinas market. A. In 1970s B. In 1970s C. In the 1970s D. In the 1970s( ) 18. There was no bus in that small town. We had a _. A. ten miles walk B. ten-mile walk C. ten miles walk D. tenth mile walk( ) 19. Today is the first day and _. A. Tuesday is fourth B. Thursday is the fourth C. second is Tuesday D. a second is Thursday( ) 20. Which room do you live in? _. A. The 201 Room B. Room 201 C. Room 201st D. The 201s Room( ) 21. How many magazines do you have? I have _. A. two B. both C. twice D. the second( ) 22. Three hundred thousand one hundred and seventy means _. A. 3,170 B. 3,117 C. 300,170 D. 30,170( ) 23. On May _, _ people traveled round the country. A. the first, millions B. the first, millions of C. first, the millionth D. first, millions( ) 24. _ of them are dining at school. A. Twelve B. Twelfth C. The twelve D. the 12th( ) 25. Its 7:17 is read _. A. seven and seventeen B. seven seven C. seven one seven D. seven seventeen( ) 26. Four _ two is two. A. plus B. minus C. times D. divided by( ) 27. Three _ five is eight. A. plus B. minus C. times D. divided by( ) 28. Three _ seven is twenty-one. A. plus B. minus C. times D. divided by( ) 29. Forty-two _ seven is six. A. plus B. minus C. times D. divided by( ) 30. There are _ days in a year. A. three hundred sixty and five B. three hundred and sixty-five C. three hundreds and sixty-five D. three hundred sixty-five( ) 31. There are _ students in that school. A. two thousand eight-six B. two thousand eighty-six C. two thousand and eighty-six D. two thousands and eighty-six( ) 32. It took me _ to get there. A. two hours and a half B. two hours and half C. two hour and a half D. two hour and half( ) 33. September is _ month of the year. A. the nineth B. the ninth C. nineth D. ninth( ) 34. Please pass me _ book on the left. A. third B. three C. the third D. the three( ) 35. _ is a very tall boy. A. The twelve B. The twelveth C. The twelfeth D. The twelfth( ) 36. We have known each other for _. A. a year and half B. a year with half C. a year and a half D. a year with a half( ) 37. “What year is it?” “Its _.” A. nineteen hundred and ninety-seven B. nineteen and ninety-seven C. nineteen ninety and seven D. nineteen ninety-seven( ) 38. “Whats the date today?” “Its _.” A. Tuesday B. June Fourth C. June the four D. June the fourth( ) 39. The train from Shanghai will arrive _. A. in quarter past six B. in a quarter past six C. at quarter past six D. at a quarter past six( ) 40. My friend was born on _. A. three of July, 1979 B. t