名词代词文档.doc

名词的数1、可数名词与不可数名词A、不可数名词，初中阶段常见的不可数名词有：water ; meat ; rice ; bread ; milk ; tea ; orange(桔汁) ; fruit ; air ; snow ; chalk; work ; paper(纸) ; time(时间); music ; weather ; grass ; news ; food ; fish(鱼肉); coke ; porridge ; cake(可数或不可数). 不可数名词应注意以下几点：1)前无数、冠，后无复数；作主语为三单.2)表量用约数some /any ; much ; a lot of 或用of短语eg. There is _ bread on the table. A. a B. one C. a piece of D. many There is some_ on the plate. A. apple B. fish C. milks D. deer2、可数名词的复数A、不规则变化：manmen ; womanwomen ;childchildrenpolicemanpolicemenEnglishmanEnglishmenFrenchmanFrenchmenfootfeet ; toothteeth mouse(鼠)miceB、规则变化1）s; sh; ch; x 结尾加 es 读 iz2) ce; se; ze; (d)ge 结尾加 seg. boxes b ksiz blouses blauziz3)f (fe) 结尾则变f(fe)为v加es-读vz eg. knives naivz4) “辅+y”结尾变y为i加es 清就清s 5)一般加s 浊就浊zeg. booksbuks penspenz babiesbeibiz但注意以下几点： potatopotatoes ; tomatotomatoes 单复同形: fish ; sheep ; deer ; Chinese ; Japanese 由man , woman在词首构成的复合名词应将两部分都变成复数man doctor men doctors reefreefs “某国人”的复数：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面. eg. GermanGermans people , police 常用单数形式表示复数概念 The police are looking for the missing boy.3、 名词所有格：名词s (意思是 “的”)A.有生命的名词所有格，一般在后加“s”但注意：1)表两者共有则在后者加“s” Lucy and Lilys father 露西和莉莉的父亲Lucys and Lilys fathers露西的父亲和莉莉的父亲.2)以s结尾的词只加“ ”eg. 1) the boys books 2) James father3)无生命的名词所有格用of来引导eg. the leg of the desk4) 双重所有格：a friend of my fathers a friend of mine ( ) a friend of my( )一 找出下列笑话中的可数名词，并写出其复数形式： In the market, a buyer asked a seller “How much is this cat, please?” “100 dollars.” “But you only asked for 20 dollars yesterday!” “Yes, thats true. But this cat ate a bird last night and the bird was worth 80 dollars!” 二 找出不可数名词，在横线上打勾，并将可数名词变成复数形式： homework _ half _ advice_ money _ knowledge _ boot _music _ chicken _ mouth _bread _ information _milk _cow _ orange _ water _ 三 选择填空：1The deer has four _. A. foot B. feet C. feets D. foots2Her two brothers are both _. A. policeman B. policemans C. policemen D. policemens3There are four _ and two _ in the group. A. Japanese, Germen B. Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese, Germans4Two _ would come to the village. A. woman-doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctors5Can you see nine _ in the picture? A. sheep B. dog C. pig D. horse6The _ has two _. A. boys, watches B. boy, watch C. boy, watches D. boys, watch7The boy often brushes his _ before he goes to bed. A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths8The Japanese _ will not leave China until she finishes her study. A. woman B. women C. man D. men9There are lots of _ in the basket on the table. A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss10. The cat caught two _ last night. A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices 四 名词所有格练习：1. _(李明的父母)work in a big hospital.2. This is _(我妹妹的语文书)3. _(John和Sally的母亲) are American.4. _(王平和王明的父亲) is a hotel manager.5. Is this _(你的好朋友的钢笔) ?6. They are _(Peter 和Sam的老师).7. _(教师节) is on September 10th .8. _(学生们的桌椅) are very new.9. We are very happy on _(儿童节).10. _(赵敏的鞋) are white. 五 名词复数形式和数词的练习：1. There are _(58个学生)in our class.2. There are _(22个孩子) in the room.3. I can see _(六杯茶) on the table.4. There are _(44位女老师) in her school.5. We can see _(18个妇女) over there.6. _(多少幅画) are there in you bedroom?7. I have _(3本字典).8. Our school has _(2个图书馆) .9. There are _(12个月) in a year.10. There are _(13辆公共汽车) on the street.初中英语语法代词复习讲解代词是代替名词的词。按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词等。一. 人称代词二. 物主代词表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，形容词性 my 、your 、his 、her 、 its 、our 、 your 、 their名词性 mine 、yours 、his 、hers 、its 、ours 、yours 、theirs三. 反身代词表示我自己，你自己，他自己，我们自己，你们自己等表示自身或强调自身的代词称为反身代词。（动词所表达的动作返回到动作者本身）反身代词有人称和数的变化，其形式如下表：单数：myself 、yourself 、himself 、herself 、itself 、复数：ourselves 、yourselves 、themselves 四. 指示代词指示代词是用来指代上下文中出现的人或事的代词。单数 this， that， it， such , same 复数 these， those such same五. 不定代词不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，具有名词和形容词性质，并有可数和不可数之分，没有确定的对象而有非确定的特指意义。在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。现将几个常用的不定代词举例说明如下：1. some与any1)some any相当于名词和形容词，作定语时均可以代替可数名词和不可数名词。some多用于肯定句，可作主语、宾语、表语、定语。表示“一些，几个”。作形容词时，后面可以接不可数名词+单数动词;可数名词+复数动词。any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中，表示“一些，任何”，在句中用作主语、宾语、定语。用作形容词时，后面可以接不可数名词+单数动词;可数名词+复数动词。2）、if 引导的条件句中，用any 不用some. If you have any money,buy some books. If you have any questions, please ask me.3）、:在表示请求、劝告、邀请、或不希望对方拒绝的疑问句中用some而不用any 。 Will you give me some water? Would you like some meat? Could I have some apples? May I ask some questions?Why not buy some fruit for her? 4）、some 和any 可以用来修饰单数名词,any 用在肯定句中时，意思是“任何的”。 Any student can answer this question. You can take any book you like. Some day Chinese people will fly to the moon. You may come at any time.5）、any 也可与比较级连用，表示程度。Is she any better taday?2. few, a few, little, a little 用法 用于可数名词 用于不可数名词 表示肯定概念 a few虽少，但有几个 a little，虽少，但有一点表示否定概念 few不多，几乎没有 little不多，没有什么1)、它们在句中都可作主语、宾语和定语。 Few of us have been to Beijing. I know little about the book. There is a little water in thia bottle. He has few friends. 2）、a little和little也可以用作副词，a little表示“有点，稍微”，little表示“很少”。 Im a little hungry. (修饰形容词hungry) Let him sleep a little. (修饰动词sleep) Mary, go a little faster, please. (修饰副词比较级) She slept very little last night.3. other, the other, others, the others, another, other 某一个，另一些，其他的。不能单独使用，后面需跟单数名词或复数名词，泛指别的。others 其它。必须单独使用，泛指别人或别的东西。常用于“some others”结构。the other 两个中的另一个，剩下的一个。特指。常用于“one the other ”结构。the others 其他全部，其余的。表示在一个范围内的其他全部。The other + 单数或复数名词 表示在一定范围内的另一个或几个，特指。another另一个（指多个中的任何一个）可单独用，也可接单数名词，还可接名词复数，表示另几个，再几个。 Where are his other books? Some are red,and others are black. She has two sisters,one is a nurse ,the other is a teacher. Some went to the cinema, others went swimming. In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese. Would you have another cup of tea? You can see another ship in the sea, cant you? Show me another one,please? Im still hungry after Ive had this cake. Please give me another.4. every与eacheach 每一个，强调个别情况。主、宾、定、状,可单独使用,可做代名词、形容词、用于两者或两者以上中的每一个人或物。every 每一个，强调整体，“每个都”“人人都”，只作定语，不可单独使用，仅作形容词，用于三者或三者以上每一个人或物。The teacher gave a toy to each child.Each ball has a different colour.(定)I gave each an apple when they came.(宾)当我们说each child, each student或each teacher时，我们想到的是一个人的情况。而当我们说every child和every student时，我们想到的是全体的情况，every的意思与all接近，表示他们都如此。Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher.Every child likes playing. = All children like playing.1)、只能说each of , 不能说every of ,every one = each Each of the rooms can hold twenty people.（主）2）、each every 作定语时，后加单数名词；each作主语时谓语动词用单数。 Each student has a book. Every student has a book.3）表达“每几个”，只能用every Every four days 每四天 Every other day 每隔一天 Every few metres 每隔几米9、复合不定代词由some ,any , no, every加上-body ,-one,-thing构成。1).在句中作主、宾、表。复合不定代词一般用作单数。Nobody is absent.Do you need anything?Grammer is not everything.2)、复合不定代词被定语修饰时，定语须放在它们后面。There is nothing wrong with the radio.Is there anything important?Anything else？ 3）由some 组成的不定代词用于肯定句，由any 合成的不定代词用于否定句，疑问和条件句，有些疑问句在表示请求、建议和反问时，也可以用some 合成的不定代词。4).everyone 每一个人，人人， 大家，单独使用，不可接of 短语。every one 一个人，一件事情。一般要接of 短语。5），由any 合成的不定代词，不能在否定句中作主语。 如：不能说： Anybody doesnt go to see the film. 而应改成： Nobody goes to see the film. 六. 相互代词表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。相互代词有each other 和one another两种形式。1）、作宾语： each other 两个人的关系one another 两个以上的人之间的相互关系在当代英语中，each other和one another在运用中没有什么区别。Did you know each other at that time?The students often help each other.We havent seen one another for a long time.2)、作定语：作定语用时，相互代词用所有格形式。 each others one anothers We often correct each others mistakes. They are interested in one anothers secret.七. 疑问代词一般都放在句首，用来构成特殊疑问句的代词叫疑问代词，在句子中作为某一句子成分。疑问代词有 指人： who, whom, whose 指物： what 既可指人又可指物： whichWhose is this shirt?=Whose shirt is this?Whose sweaters are these?=Whose are these sweaters?1.Nobody but _was present at the meeting. a.he b.him c.his d.she2.She hit him on _head. a.the b.his c.her d.hes3.This dictionary is hers, that one is _. a.myself b.my c.me d.mine4._has happened and _did it? a.Who,who b.What,who c.What ,what d.Who,what5._is the best season of the year? a.When b.What c.Which d.What time6._are you looking for? a.Whose b.Whom c.Which d.Where7.Did you enjoy _at the party last Saturday? A. yourself b.you c.yourselves d.youselves8.He tried to make _understood. a.him b.he c.himself d.his 9.The two of them help_. a.each other b.one another c.to each other 10.They had to say something _. a.one another b.each other c.to each other d.for one another11.They often help to correct _mistakes. a.