28高考语法讲座 宾语从句考点归纳.doc

高考语法讲座 宾语从句考点归纳宾语从句是高考的一个热点，又是一个难点，近几年虽说出现的次数不多，但是不能掉以轻心。下面就高考试题谈一下宾语从句的考点和后不接that 从句的特殊情况。一)宾语从句可分为三类：1.由that 引导，常跟在 say, see, hear, doubt, think, know, believe, suggest等动词后2.由if 或 whether引导，常跟在wonder 和say等动词后3.由等连接代词或连接副词引导。近年来高考主要侧重对连接词的正确选择和从句中应使用陈述语序以及从句中时态呼应的考查。(1) 连接代词均在宾语从句中充当主语、宾语、或定语；连接副词均充当状语。因此应正确分析题意，断定宾语从句中缺少何种成分，然后再做出选择。1.A computer can only do _you have instructed it to do (NMET2001)A. how B. after C. what D. when答案：C 连接代词,在宾语从句中充当宾语。(2) 宾语从句应同主句在谓语时态上保持一致。主句谓语是现在时，宾语从句的谓语可以是任意时态；主句谓语是过去时，宾语从句的谓语必须是过去的某种时态，（宾语是客观真理时则无此限制）如：The reporter said that the UFO _ east to west when he saw it. (NMET2000)A.was travelling B.travelled C.had been traveling D.was to travel答案：A 从题意可知宾语从句的动作应是当时正在发生。(3) 有时为使句子简洁明快还可以借助动词不定式来简化宾语从句，使用连接代（副）词+to do结构, 如:Ive worked with children before, so I know what _in my new job. (NMET2000)A. expected B. to expected C. to be expecting D. expects (B)(4)宾语从句应使用陈述语序，尤其要注意由who, which, what, when, where, why, how等引导的宾语从句。如：No one can be sure _in a million years. (MET1991)A.what man will look like B.what will man look like C.man will look like it D.what look will man like (A)(5)用it 指代宾语从句 有时根据结构的需要，常用it 做形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。I hate _when people talk with their mouths full. (NMET98) A.it B. that C. these D. then (A)(6)连接词的选择1. whether 与if 的选择二者在引导宾语从句时常可互换。但下列情况下只用whether ，不用if 。1）宾语从句置于句首时。如：Whether he will succeed, I cant say. 他是否会成功，我说不准。 2）宾语从句在介词后时 。 如：It depends on whether we have enough money. 这取决于我们是否有足够的钱3）后面紧跟or not 时。如：I dont know whether or not she can arrive on time. 我不知道他是否能按时到。 2.that与 what 的选择That只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，也无任何词义；what 引导宾语从句时，除起连接作用外，还可在从句中作 主语、宾语、表语等成分。People have heard what the president has said, they are waiting to see _he will do. (2003)A. how B. what C. when D. that 分析： do 为及物动词，所选词要做其宾语，故选B。3.连接代词 who ,whom, whose, what ,which , 和连接副词 how, when, where ,why 的选择。连接代词和连接副词的选择要把握两点：1）成分：连接代词在从句中作主语，、宾语、表语、定语；连接副词在从句中作状语。 2）意义：无论是连接代词还是连接副词，都有各自的意义。I remember _this used to be a quiet village. (NMET93) A. when B. how C. where D. what 分析： 宾语从句是主系表结构，且主语和表语齐全，故 从句中缺少状语，可排除D项，再结合句意“我记的这地方是个宁静的村庄的时候”，故选A。-Could you do me a favor? -It depends on _it is. (2006北京) A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever (A)分析： 没有范围的情况下用不能使用which . 二）引导宾语从句的that何时不能省略大家知道，that 引导宾语从句时，一般可以省略，但在下列情况下，引导宾语从句的常常不可省略。 1.介词except ,but ,besides, in 等后跟that 引导的宾语从句时。 如：The Swede stood quite still, except that his lips moved slightly. 那个瑞典人站着一动不动，只是嘴巴还微微在动。 2.That 引导的宾语从句和主句之间有插入语时。 如：I think, first of all, that we must believe in ourselves. 我认为，尤其重要的是，我们必须对自己有信心。He said, in his opinion, that Lei Feng was a good example of serving the people heart and soul. 他说，按照他的看法，雷锋是一个全心全意为人民服务的榜样。3.宾语从句为主从复合句且从句位于主句之前时。如：He said that if he came back early, he could come for the meeting. 他说，如果早回来的话，他会来参加会议的。Mary said that, as she was not well, she could not get the highest score in the mid-term exam. 马里说，因为身体不好，她不可能在期中考试中得分最高4.当it 作形式宾语，后接that 引导的宾语从句时。如：We have made it clear that we will learn to deal with various difficult problems. 我们已经表明，我们将学会处理各种难题We took it for granted that they would accept the proposal. 我们想当然地以为他们会接受这个建议的。 5.当that 引导的宾语从句后紧接着作主语的that (this )时，常不可省略。 如：Comrade Wang told me that was why he was not a little tired. 王同志告诉我那就是为什么他非常疲劳的原因。He said that this was not his book, but his sisters. 他说这不是他的书，而是他姐姐的书6.宾语从句不止一个时，第一个that 可以省略，而其它的that 常不可省略。 如：I think (that) it will clear up this afternoon and that they will come to say good-bye to us. 我认为今天下午天会放晴，他们会来向我们告别的。 7.当when,who, what ,where ,why ,how 等引导的从句与that 引导的从句作主句谓语动词的并列宾语时。 如：I know what the time is and that the wind remains low. 我知道现在是什么时候，且风仍然不大。Im sure where he lives and that he is living a happy life.我非常清楚他住在什么地方，而且他生活得很幸福。 8.that 引导的宾语从句位于句首时。 如：That she ever said such a thing I simply dont believe 我只是不相信她曾经说过这样一件事情。That you could complete the project so soon I never thought. 我完全没有想到这工程你们完成得这麽快。练习： 1.No one will be sure _in a million years. (MET92)A.what man will look like B.what will man look like C.man will look like what D.what look will man like 2. -Do you remember _he came?-Yes, I do, he came by car. (NMET94)A. how B. when C. that D. if 3. The mother didnt know _to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out. (NMET2002)A. who B. when C. how D. what 4. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests _ when he _at the party. (MET89)A. left; had arrive B. left; arrived C. had left; had arrive D. had left ;arrived 5. We were all surprised wh